西方思想經(jīng)典書后問題答案

1、1Unit11.Whatdoescovenantmeandescribetheoldcovenantthenew.TheOldCovenantisthefirstsectionoftheChristianBiblebasedprimarilyupontheHebrewBibleacollectionofreligiouswritingsbyancientIsraelites.ItisthecounterparttotheNewCoven

2、anttheChristianBiblessecondsection.Itincludessuchdiversematerialsaspropheticaclesteachingsofwisemeninstructionsofpriestsancientrecdsoftheroyalcourts.Somematerialishisticalsomeislegendarysomeislegalisticsomeisdidactic.The

3、booksoftheOldCovenantcanbebroadlydividedintoseveralsections:1)thefirstfivebooksPentateuch(Tah)2)thehistybookstellingthehistyoftheIsraelitesfromtheirconquestofCanaantotheirdefeatexileinBabylon3)thepoetic“Wisdom“booksdeali

4、nginvariousfmswithquestionsofgoodevilinthewld4)thebooksofthebiblicalprophetswarningoftheconsequencesofturningawayfromGod.TheNewCovenantisthesecondmajpartoftheChristianbiblicalcanonthefirstpartbeingtheOldCovenantwhichisba

5、sedontheHebrewBible.TheGreekNewCovenantdiscussestheteachingspersonofJesusaswellaseventsinfirstcenturyChristianity.AlthoughChristiansholddifferentviewsfromJewsabouttheHebrewuresoftheOldCovenantChristiansregardboththeOldNe

6、wCovenantstogetherassacredure.TheNewCovenant(inwholeinpart)hasfrequentlyaccompaniedthespreadofChristianityaroundthewld.ItreflectsservesasasourcefChristiantheologymality.BothextendedreadingsphrasesdirectlyfromtheNewCovena

7、ntarealsoincpated(alongwithreadingsfromtheOldCovenant)intothevariousChristianliturgies.TheNewCovenanthasinfluencedreligiousphilosophicalpoliticalmovementsinChristendomleftanindeliblemarkonitsliteratureartmusic.TheNewCove

8、nantisananthologyacollectionofChristianwkswritteninthecommonGreeklanguageofthefirstcenturyatdifferenttimesbyvariouswriterswhowereearlyJewishdisciplesofJesus.InalmostallChristiantraditionstodaytheNewCovenantconsistsof27bo

9、oks.2.WhatisthemeaningoftheiginalsiniginalsinalsocalledancestralsinistheChristiandoctrineofhumanitysstateofsinresultingfromthefallofmanstemmingfromAdamsrebellioninEden.Thisconditionhasbeenacterizedinmanywaysrangingfromso

10、methingasinsignificantasaslightdeficiencyatendencytowardsinyetwithoutcollectiveguiltreferredtoasa“sinnature“tosomethingasdrasticastotaldepravityautomaticguiltofallhumansthroughcollectiveguilt.Jewishtheologiansaredividedi

11、nregardtothecauseofwhatiscalled“iginalsin“.SometeachthatitwasduetoAdamsyieldingtotemptationineatingofthefbiddenfruithasbeeninheritedbyhisdescendantsthemajityhoweverdonotholdAdamresponsiblefthesinsofhumanityteachingthatAd

12、amssinsarehisalone.HoweverAdamisrecognizedashavingbroughtdeathintothewldby3havemaintainedbecausewheremostwkisconcernedmancangethelpmeconvenientlyfromanothermanthanfromawomanbuttohelphiminthewkofprocreation.”(Aquinas35)Th

13、usitwasclearlythatwomanwascreatednottosharethesamestatuswithman.Anotherfactcanalsodemonstratethatwomanwascreatedtosubdinatetoman.FthefirstwomanEvewasblamedasthesymbolofiginalsin.Shecouldnotresistthetemptationoftheserpent

14、alsoinducedAdamtoeatthefbiddenfruit.ShewasthereasonwhyhumanbeingswerecastoftheEdengarden.HoweverfromthefeministperspectivesuchcriticismonEveisunfair.BecauseEveherselfwadinducedbytheserpent.Shedidn’tmeantobetraytheLd’swil

15、l.BesideswithoutEvehumanbeingswouldstillbenakeddon’tknowshame.ifsohumanbeingscanneverbedifferentfromanimals.TherefeEveshouldbetheiginofthehistyofcivilizationofhumanbeings.TheOldTestamentwritteninthepatriarchalsocietywasm

16、eanttoconsolidatethedominatestatusofman.atthattimewomenweretreatedasappendanttomen.可以參考“《圣經(jīng)舊約》中夏娃、大力拉及路德形象的女性主義解讀”5.舊約中的主更嚴苛，新約中的耶穌更仁愛。舊約《圣經(jīng)》中關(guān)于耶穌基督的預(yù)言，在新約中得到完全應(yīng)驗。新約首先在四福音書向我們揭示這位奇妙的人物是神的兒子，神的話、神的解釋、說明和彰顯。祂將無限的神帶到有限的人里，將

17、三一神與三部分人聯(lián)調(diào)在一起，借著祂芬芳的美德，在祂的人性里彰顯全備之神豐富的屬性，并且完成了包羅萬有之法理的救贖。新約《圣經(jīng)》繼續(xù)解釋這位奇妙人物在復(fù)活里成了賜生命的靈，生為神的長子，并為著祂的身體祂的教會重生信徒。祂這賜生命的靈要進入信祂的人里面，作他們的生命與他們成為一，使他們在生命性情上與祂一樣，成為神的眾子。這些眾子建造在一起，成為基督的身體，終極完成于新耶路撒冷。這是神對人永遠的定旨。Christiancanonisconta

18、inedintheBiblecomprisedoftheOldNewTestaments.ThewdbiblecomesfromaGreekwdmeaningbooks.AppropriatelytheBibleisacollectionofure(asseparatebooks)consideredsacredinspiredbytheHolySpirit.TheJewishBibletheTanakhcontainsbooksoft

19、heOldTestament.ThereverencerespectftheJewishOldTestamentintheChristianfaithisevidencedinChristsownwds.Hesays“Icomenottoabolishthelawbuttofulfillit.“(Matt5:1720).TheOldTestamentfocusesontheHebrewscovenantwithGodtheirhisty

20、wisdomlaws.TheNewTestamentcentersonChristslifeministrycrucifixionresurrectionOldTestament:MosesleadstheIsrealitesoutofEgyptOldTestamentbooksincludethestudyofcreationinGenesistheflightoftheIsraelitesoutofEgyptinExodustheb