大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀1unit2theboyandthebankofficer

1、Banks,中國(guó)工商銀行：ICBC （Industrial and Commercial Bank of China）中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行：CCB （China Construction Bank）中國(guó)銀行：BC （Bank of China）中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行：ABC （Agriculture Bank of China）中國(guó)招商銀行：CMB (China Merchants Bank)中國(guó)民生銀行：CMBC （China Minshe

2、ng Banking Co., Ltd ）交通銀行：Bank of Communications廣東發(fā)展銀行：GDB (Guangdong Development Bank)上海浦東發(fā)展銀行：SPDB/SPDBank (Shanghai Pudong Development Bank) 深圳發(fā)展銀行：SDB (Shenzhen Development Bank)花旗銀行：Citi Bank渣打銀行：Standard Char

3、tered Bank匯豐銀行：Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation,Part Two,Background Information,Author,Philip Ross (1939— ) is an American writer based in New York. After working as a newspaper reporter for four years, he tu

4、rned to freelance (自由職業(yè)作家) writing. Many of his articles have appeared in the New Yorker (《紐約人》), Reader’s Digest (《讀者文摘》) and New York Times (《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》). This text is taken from Strategies for Successful Writing: A Rhetori

5、c and Reader, 3rd edition published by Prentice Hall, Inc. in 1993 in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.,Functions performed by banks today have been carried out by individuals, families, or state officials for at least 4,000

6、 years. Banks first emerged in the Middle Ages when people grew tired of carrying around all their gold and began leaving their money with the goldsmith.,Italian Banking in the 14th Century,II. History of Banks,Durin

7、g the early Renaissance(歐洲14至16世紀(jì)文藝復(fù)興), as international trade revived, Italian money changers once again appeared. They did business in the streets from a bench (banca in Italian; hence the word bank). Florence, Italy,

8、became a great banking center, dominated by the Medici (梅第奇)family. The Medici family, one of the most prominent banking families in Europe during this time, became quite wealthy from its banking and money lending practi

9、ces.,With the growth of commerce and trade in Northern Europe, the Netherlands(荷蘭)became an international financial center. The Bank of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹/荷蘭首都) was organized in 1609. A chartered public bank(特許銀行)was opened

10、 in Sweden(瑞典)in 1656. Bank notes were probably first issued in the 1660s by the Bank of Stockholm(斯德哥爾摩/瑞典首都) in Sweden. It was probably the first financial institution in the world to issue standard-size payable-on-dem

11、and(見(jiàn)票即付的)bank bills, which eliminated the handling of copper coins.,Until the founding of the Bank of England in 1694, England's goldsmiths were its first bankers. They kept money and other valuables in safe custody

12、 for their customers. They also dealt in gold bullion and foreign exchange. They profited from acquiring and sorting coins of all kinds. To attract coins, the smiths were willing to pay interest. The goldsmiths noti

13、ced that deposits remained at a fairly steady level over long periods of time. Deposits and withdrawals tended to balance each other because customers only wanted enough money on hand to meet everyday needs. This all

14、owed the smiths to loan out at interest cash that would otherwise be idle. From this practice emerged the modern facets of banking: keeping deposits, making loans, and maintaining reserves. Another practice of the g

15、oldsmiths, by which a customer could arrange to transfer part of his balance to another party by a written order, was the start of the modern check-writing system.,The Bank of France was founded in 1800. For most of the

16、19th century the money markets of Europe were dominated by the House of Rothschild. The house was operated by Rothschild and his oldest son, Amschel Mayer, until its dissolution in 1901. The four other Rothschild sons op

17、ened bank branches in Vienna, Austria; Naples(那不勒斯), Italy; London, England; and Paris, France. The London and Paris branches are still in operation.,Frankfurt House of Rothschild,Modern societies cannot do without banks

18、. Banks keep, lend and issue money as well as offer many other financial services. They also help to regulate the economy with changes in interest rate and in money supply.,Type of writing,Question: What kind of writing

19、is this text? Answer: a narrative This is basically an interesting anecdote (short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event 逸事）with an unexpected ending.,Part Three,Text Appreciation,a man embarr

20、asses himself by blindly interfering with a bank officer’s “unfair” rejection when a boy requests to withdraw money in a bank in New York at noon one day the narrator, a boy, and a fortyi

21、sh bank officer what do you think?,Plot:,Setting:,Characters:,Theme of the story:,Theme of the Story,Banks are not necessarily “evil”.Prejudice makes people embarrass themselves.Unkind deeds may

22、come from a heart that is too eager to be kind.Lying is not always an “evil”.Children shouldn’t be allowed to deal with money. …,Part 1 (para. ):Part 2 (para. ):Part 3 (para. ):,2—23,24—3

23、2,The attitude of the author’s friend toward bank.,The failure of the boy’s attempt to withdraw money from the bank and the author’s fruitless interference,The bank officer’s clarification of the situation,1,Questions,,W

24、hy did the author go to the bankone day?,1,,2,,3,What was his first impression of thebank?,What did he see in the bank that remind him of his friend’s comment about thebank?,,4,Why did the author’s friend comparea b

25、ank with a church? Did he likebanks?,,6,5,Why did the boy have trouble withdrawing his money? What was thereason given by the bank officer?,What happened in the end? How didthe boy feel when he left?,The author’s fri

26、end hates banks, saying that they act like churches. And the author obviously shares his friend’s view. What they are trying to say here perhaps is that the bank is just an ordinary store; it must not act as if it repre

27、sents Almighty God; it has no right to tell people what to do and what not to do.,1. The only difference is that a bank’s goods happen tobe money, which is yours in the first place. (para1) to happen to do/to be: to do

28、/to be sth. by chancee.g. 發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，我剛好路過(guò)。I happened to be passing by, when the fire broke out.in the first place: used to introduce a series of points in an argument or to talk about what should have been done, placed i

29、n or at the beginning of a series events. e.g. 如果你不喜歡這條裙子，一開(kāi)始你就不該買(mǎi)。1. If you don’t like the dress, you shouldn’t have bought it in the first place.2. Political reality was not quite that simple—in the firstplace, div

30、isions existed within the parties.,Part Four,Language Study,Question : Why does the author say that the money “is yours in the first place”? Because at the beginning the money belongs to you, and then you deposit the mo

31、ney in a bank, the tangible money becoming a intangible figure on the bankbook.,2. Para: If banks were required to sell wallets and money belts, they might act less like churches. (para. 1),The word “church” has certain

32、associations. People usually think of a church as the spokesman of God, as a powerful organization that controls your life and can interfere in your life. To be like churches means to act authoritatively.,,,,Paraphrasing

33、: Even though banks sell financial service instead of common goods, they are still business organizations instead of churches. Thus it is ridiculous for them to act like churches by acting authoritatively and interfering

34、 in other people’s lives instead of focusing on their function and position as a business organization.,,,Unreal condition and subjunctive mood,,,1. If banks were required to sell wallets and money belts, they might act

35、less like churches. (para. 1),Banks act like churches which usually control people’s life and can interfere in people’s life. So, the author thinks it is ridiculous for banks to act like churches. A church is a place whe

36、re religious people are given moral lessons. The author and his friend hate banks acting like churches because they think banks should simply give services and have no right to tell people what to do and what not to do.,

37、3. account,1. take account of sth./take sth. into account: to consider or include particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment about sth.Example:These figures do not take account of changes in the ra

38、te of inflation.,n. a. an arrangement that you have with a bank to pay in or take out money b. a report or description of an event or experience,Example:1. My salary is paid directly into my bank account.2. The witn

39、ess provided a detailed account of the accident.,2. on account of: because of sth. else, especially because of a problem or difficultiesExample:He can’t run very fast on account of his injured leg. 3. on no account:

40、under no circumstancesExample:If you meet a bear in the woods, try not to panic or scream; on no account should you turn your back and run.4. account for: provide or serve as a satisfactory explanation or reason for

41、Example:His illness accounted for his absence from school.,,,,4. It was lunchtime and the only officer on duty was a fortyish black man with short, pressed hair, a pencil mustache, and a neatly pressed brown suit. (para

42、. 3),,,straightened or uncurled hair,,a suit without creases after ironing,a thin mustache like a line drawn with a pencil.Go to next page for different types of hair on a man’s face.,,,,,,at about the age of forty; the

43、 suffix –ish may mean: 1) somewhat, near to, approximately (reddish, yellowish, grayish, darkish, bookish, feverish, selfish), 2) in the manner of, like (foolish, childish, girlish, boyish, womanish, snobbish), 3) of a c

44、ountry (Irish, Polish, Finnish, Spanish).,,,5. Everything about him suggested a carefully dressed authority. (para. 3),,to evoke in the mind of someone by the association of ideas,,,Para: Everything about him—his clothes

45、, manner, etc. indicated/gives people the impression that he was carefully dressed to exhibit an air of decisive importance and power.,① more than (colloq.) beyond; very, extremely; Example: His insolence is more tha

46、n I can stand.They were more than willing to help.It is more than probable that he will fail.② more… than…used to emphasize that one thing is truer, more important, etc.than sth.Examples: The child was more frigh

47、tened than hurt.He always seemed old to me, more like a grandfather than a father.It is more a poem than a picture.,6. more than & more… than…,③ no more than a. only; justExample: It cost me no more than

48、 $5 to buy the book.Each class has no more than 8 students. Each class has not more than 8 students. b. the same as Example:He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am.A whale is no more a fish th

49、an a horse is.  She is not more clever than he is.,7. wear an expression of v. with Example: Petra looked at her plate wearing an expression of disgust.wear: to have a particular expressi

50、on Example: 1. All students worn a puzzle on hearing the question. 2. Students are not allowed to wear their hair long. 3. This new pair of sneakers wears well. 4. As the afternoon wore on, he

51、 began to look unhappy. 5. The furniture suffers a lot of wear and tear when the children are at home.,8. withdraw v.,Example:1. Liz withdrew $100 from her account.2. Slowly, Robert withdrew his hand from Kriste

52、n’s.3. The party threatened to withdraw its support for the government. 4. He failed to withdraw his remarks and apologize.5. The United States promised to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan in 3 months.6. Injury

53、forced Clare to withdraw from event.7. We withdrew to the garden for a private conversation.8. He went silent and withdrew into himself.9. For the drug user, it is possible to withdraw without medication.,9. “But that

54、 doesn’t see fair,” the boy said, his voice breaking. (para. 8),,His voice becomes unnatural because of nervousness, astonishment, excitement, or anger.,,,The absolute construction: (with) logical subject + present part

55、iciple / past participle (indicating passivity) / infinitive (indicating futurity or aim) / prepositional phrase (indicating a state) / adj. (indicating a state), used as adverbials,,Absolute construction: more examples

56、1. His work done, David sat down for a cup of tea.2. There being no taxis, they had to walk home.3. Helen ran back to the dining-room, her little son following.4. An important lecture to be given tomorrow, the profess

57、or has to stay up late into the night. 5. He put on his sweater, wrong side out. 6. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 7. The garden is pretty with all the flowers coming out.,10. Now if you’ll e

58、xcuse me. (para. 9),,Paraphrasing: Now I’m sorry but I can’t talk with you anymore. This expression is used when one wants to go back to work, or to attend to other customers, or just to end the conversation.,10. I didn’

59、t think twice. (para. 11),,To think about sth. carefully.Also: to give something a second thoughtlook before you leap,,,11. Excuse me? (para. 12),,Paraphrasing: But why? I don’t understand.This expression is used when

60、 you disagree with somebody but still want to be polite about it.,12. And since there doesn’t seem to be any question as to whether it’s his money…, the bank’s so-called policy is…ridiculous. (para. 13),,concerning, abou

61、t (quite formal),,,,,,,used when you think the name given is wrong or improper (Don’t use this expression when the name/noun is in quotes),used here to introduce an adverbial clause of reason,The fabrics were arranged as

62、 to size and color.,13. “It may seem ridiculous to you,” he replied in a voice rising slightly in irritation… (para. 14),,present participle as modifiernonfinite verbs (present participles / past participles (indicating

63、 passivity) / infinitives (indicating futurity or aim) may be used as modifiers.E.g.: The cat chased by the dog carrying the mouse to be revenged is called Tom.,,,,,in an annoyed mannerSimilar phrases to indicate an em

64、otional state: to cry in happiness, to laugh in joy, to sing in sorrow, to reply in surprise, to watch in amazement,Paraphrasing: … he replied in a louder voice which showed that the man was a little annoyed and impatien

65、t…,14. I had my opening. (para. 16),,an opportunity or chance, especially for employment or promotion in a business concern,,,Paraphrasing: I found a good chance to do or say something favorable or get the upper hand. Al

66、so: I had my window.,15. I moved in for the kill. (para. 19),,Paraphrasing: I began to prepare to kill, destroy or defeat my enemy.I thought now I had a strong argument to silence and embarrass the bank officer by convi

67、ncing him that he was wrong and being unfair to the boy. So I used the argument.,16. I zeroed in on the officer. (para. 20),,,,I launched an attack on the officer. Originally, “to zero in on sb.” means “to aim a gun at

68、a target”. Figuratively, it means “to fix attention on sb. /sth.” We should zero in on the key issues for discussion.,(The author was using these exaggerated expressions for a humorous effect.),17. You’re really getting

69、cheated. (para. 22)“To get cheated” is another way of saying “to be cheated” with emphasis on the action rather than the state. It is common in informal English. Notice that the sentence is in the present continuous p