初中英語全程復(fù)習(xí)方略課件（專題突破案）專題四閱讀理解（人教版專用）

1、專題四 閱讀理解,一、辨認(rèn)事實，注意細(xì)節(jié) One year, however, Mr. Smith made a lot of money in his business, so they decided to go to London and stay at a really good hotel while they went touring around that famous city. Q: W

2、hen Mr. and Mrs. Smith had a lot of money, they decided to go to _____. A. their hometownB. the capital of EnglandC. New Jersey,【分析】由. . . so they decided to go to London. . . 這句話可知，他們決定去倫敦度假。倫敦是英國的首都，故本題選B。,二、立足句意，合理

3、轉(zhuǎn)換 The Golden Gate Bridge, completed in 1937, was also very hard work for workers: San Francisco Bay has very strong winds and rough waves. The Golden Gate Bridge is still the world’s tallest bridge. It has enoug

4、h steel to go around the world three times. Q: It was difficult to complete the Golden Gate Bridge because there were _____ and rough waves. 【分析】原文有句子San Francisco Bay has very strong winds and rough wav

5、es. 說明建這座橋的難度。問題就是利用這點來設(shè)題。通過對比轉(zhuǎn)換，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)答案為strong winds。,三、把握數(shù)字，正確推算 閱讀理解中的數(shù)字推算并不要求高深的數(shù)學(xué)知識，關(guān)鍵是理解原文，理清線索，理順關(guān)系。 I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen. That may be why I went to art school

6、 four years later. . . When I left school, I got some money. I hope to become a full-time craftswoman. Q: When finishing school studies, the writer was about _____ . A. 14 B. 21 C. 18,【分析】作者1

7、4歲因繪畫得獎，四年后進入美術(shù)學(xué)校，入校年齡18歲，那么結(jié)束學(xué)業(yè)的時候一定大于18歲，B項是唯一可選的。,四、結(jié)合常識，合理判斷 One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six o’clock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old d

8、aughter, Kathy, to go to buy some. Q: One day Kathy’s parents invited some friends to _____. A. have breakfastB. have lunchC. have supper,【分析】dinner一般譯為“正餐”，文中交代是six o’clock, 合理的解釋無疑是下午六點。由此兩點判斷答案為have suppe

9、r。,五、抓住關(guān)鍵，概括大意 The survey of thirteen countries shows 45% of the English people say they can’t give up fast food because it’s delicious. And 44% of Americans and 37% of Canadians say the same. The French

10、, proud of their delicious and high-class cuisine, don’t like fast food. 81% of them think it is unhealthy, followed by 75% of the Japanese.,Q: The survey is about _____ . A. Western countriesB. fast foodC. restaurant

11、s in the world【分析】通讀文章可知談?wù)摰氖莊ast food。,六、根據(jù)所給條件，合理猜測詞義 做閱讀理解最大的障礙就是生詞，遇到生詞并不可怕，根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義。正確運用所學(xué)知識，問題就會迎刃而解。,考點一 判斷正誤型閱讀理解 在判斷正誤型閱讀理解中，90%左右的題目屬于對文章內(nèi)容的判斷。做此類題目時，首先要通讀全文，準(zhǔn)確把握文章的主旨大意，靈活運用概括、歸納、推理等方法，

12、對待判定句子作出判斷。判斷正誤型閱讀題出現(xiàn)的省份逐漸減少，難度降低。表現(xiàn)為：①一般試題在段落、句子中可直接搜尋到答案。②得分率較高。預(yù)計2013年采用此題型的地區(qū)會更少，內(nèi)容以故事類為主。,（2012·邵陽中考） 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷所給句子正誤(T/F)。 Langshan Mountain, a beautiful place,lies in Xinning county,

13、southwest part of Hunan province. It is famous for its Danxia landform (丹霞地貌). A few million years ago, here was an inland lake. On August 2nd, 2010, Langshan Mountain was recorded in the World Heritage List (世界遺產(chǎn)名

14、錄) and became China’s eighth world natural heritage.,Around Langshan Mountain is a beautiful river — Fuyi River. Enjoying the peace of the river after visiting the mountain can bring you great pleasure. Fuyi River is the

15、 mother river of Xinning county. The water is so clean that you can see fish and sand under it. The sand in the beach is pure and white. Welcome to Langshan Mountain.,( )1. Langshan Mountain lies in the northw

16、est part of Hunan province. 【解析】F。由第一段第一句“Langshan Mountain，. . . southwest part of Hunan province. ”可知崀山位于湖南省西南部，而不是西北部。( )2. Langshan Mountain is famous for its Danxia landform. 【解析】T。由第一段第二句It is famous for its D

17、anxia landform. 可知。,( )3. On August 2nd, 2011, Langshan Mountain was recorded in the World Heritage List. 【解析】F。由第一段第四句知：崀山于2010年被列為世界遺產(chǎn)名錄，而非2011年。( )4. Around Langshan Mountain is Zijiang River. 【解析】F。由第二段第一句可知

18、：環(huán)繞崀山的是“夫夷河”, 而不是“資江河”。( )5. Fuyi River is the mother river of Xinning county. 【解析】T。由第二段第三句Fuyi River is the mother river of Xinning County. 可知。,Ⅰ. 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷所給句子正誤（T/F）。(2011·邵陽中考) David got a j

19、ob in a police station after he left school. He worked there for 42 years and he’ll retire this year. He worked hard in the past 42 years. But he was not a lucky man. He failed to catch a thief. He was often sorry for it

20、.,Last weekend, while David’s wife was cooking she found there was no salt at home. So she asked her husband to buy some. In the shop, David saw a young man taking away a wallet from a woman’s bag. He walked to him quie

21、tly, but the young man noticed David and ran away at once. David ran after him. At last the thief ran into a blind alley(死胡同)and David caught him. “Please give me a chance, sir. ”said the thief. “Who c

22、an give one to me? ”said David, “I’ll soon retire and I catch a thief for the first time! ”,( )1. David worked hard in the past 42 years. 【解析】T。根據(jù)文章中第一段第三句：He worked hard in the past 42 years. 可知。( )2. David was a

23、lucky man, and he often caught thieves. 【解析】F。根據(jù)文章中第一段第四、五句：But he was not a lucky man. He failed to catch a thief. 可知他并不幸運，沒抓住過賊。( )3. Last weekend his wife askd him to buy some sugar. 【解析】F。根據(jù)文章中第二段第一句：Last weeken

24、d, while David’s wife was cooking she found there was no salt at home. 可知是去買鹽。,( )4. A young man was stealing a woman’s wallet in a shop. 【解析】T。根據(jù)文章中第二段第三句：In the shop, David saw a young man taking away a wallet from

25、 a woman’s bag. 可知。( )5. The young man was the first thief that David caught. 【解析】T。根據(jù)文章中的最后一句：. . . and I catch a thief for the first time！可知。,Ⅱ. 閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷所給句子正誤（T/F）。Find and keep your friendship Every

26、one of us, rich or poor should at least have one or two good friends. Your friends will listen to you when you speak, will take care of you when you are sick, and will be together with you in your journey through life

27、. Everyone needs friends. Friendship can make us happier. How can we find a good friend and get on well with each other? Here is some advice. *Make friends with a person who is easy to get along with.,

28、*You should make sure that he or she has something in common with you. *Give your friend a hand when he or she is in trouble. Friends should always be ready to help each other. * Believe in each other.

29、This is the most important thing in a friendship. *Even the best friends may have a quarrel sometimes, when it happens, don’t let your quarrel last too long. Try to make up with(和好)friends soon. Frien

30、dship is a kind of treasure in our life. It likes a bottle of wine, the longer it is kept, the better it will be.,( )1. Rich people don’t need friends. 【解析】F。由第一段第一句“Everyone of us, rich or poor should at least hav

31、e one or two good friends. ”可知。( )2. If your friends are in trouble, you should help them. 【解析】T。由建議中的第三條“Give your friend a hand when he or she is in trouble. ”可知。( )3. Make friends with people who are not diffi

32、cult to get along with. 【解析】T。由建議中的第一條“Make friends with a person who is easy to get along with. ”可知。,( )4. Don’t believe in anyone. 【解析】F。由建議中的第四條開頭“Believe in each other. ”可知。( )5. Best friends don’t have a quar

33、rel. 【解析】F。由建議中的第五條“Even the best friends may have a quarrel sometimes. . . ”可知。,考點二 選擇型閱讀理解 大多數(shù)省市的閱讀理解以選擇題形式來考查，閱讀內(nèi)容有故事、科普、應(yīng)用文等，考查學(xué)生對文章的實際理解能力。 預(yù)計2013年中考選擇型閱讀理解題仍占主流，題材全面，貼近生活和社會話題，迎合學(xué)生興趣，在設(shè)題方面會加大

34、對考生理解能力以及對上下文的推測能力的考查。,（2012·邵陽中考） 閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選擇最佳答案回答問題或完成句子。 It is said that hundreds of school buses may start their service in Shaoyang in 2012. Each school bus may have a big nose. This

35、 keeps the students safe when other cars hit the school bus. In the USA, yellow school buses are very common. Kids can listen to music, talk on their phones or just sleep.,In China, there are not enough school

36、 buses for so many students. They aren’t as safe as those in the USA. So far, several serious school buses accidents have happened. On the bus, there is always a teacher taking care of the students. Children usually re

37、st on the bus. ( )1. The underlined word “ Kids” means _____ in the article. A. Children B. Drivers C. Teachers【解析】選A。根據(jù)上下文可知，本文主要是講校車問題，故此處kids指的就是孩子們。,( )2. A big nose in front of each school b

38、us can _____. A. make the students comfortableB. keep the students safeC. make the bus beautiful【解析】選B。由第一段第二、三句Each school bus may have a big nose. This keeps the students safe when other cars hit the school bus. 可知

39、。,( )3. Students can _____ on the school bus in the USA. A. ride bikes B. play table tennisC. listen to music【解析】選C。 由第二段第二句“Kids can listen to music, talk on their phones or just sleep. ”可知。,( )4. On

40、 the school bus, there is always a teacher ______. A. looking after the studentsB. having a restC. driving the school bus【解析】選A。由第三段第四句“On the bus, there is always a teacher taking care of the students. ”可知。( )5

41、. The passage is about ______. A. music B. school buses C. phones【解析】選B。綜合全文信息可知，本文主要談?wù)撔＼噯栴}。,Ⅰ（2011·邵陽中考） When the traffic lights turn red, we will stop driving a car or crossing a street. Wh

42、y is red used for traffic lights instead of other colors? As we know, scattering (散射) happens when light goes through the air. For the same media(媒介), if the wavelength is long, the scattering will be short.

43、If the wavelength is short, then the scattering will be long.,Of all lights we can see red has the longest wavelength, so the scattering is the weakest. That means the red light travels far. In fact, it travels farthe

44、r on rainy days. Using the red light can help drivers in farther areas see the lights. It helps drivers slow down or stop in time. If drivers don’t see the red light until they are close, they may not be able t

45、o stop the car in time. An accident may happen. Red can also excite people. We can act more quickly when we see the color red. In a word, red lights help drivers stop in time and help prevent accidents.,( )1. When the

46、 traffic lights turn _____, we will stop driving a car. A. red B. green C. yellow【解析】選A。根據(jù)第一段的第一句：When the traffic lights turn red, we will stop driving a car or crossing a street. 可知。( )2.

47、 According to the passage, the scattering of the red light is the _____. A. longest B. weakest C. farthest【解析】選B。根據(jù)第三段的第一句 ：Of all lights we can see red has the longest wavelength, so the scattering is

48、 the weakest. 可知。,( )3. The underlined word “wavelength” means _____ in Chinese. A. 波浪 B. 光波 C. 波長【解析】選C。句意：如果波長長，那么散射短。( )4. What can the red light help drivers do? A. It can help drivers in

49、 farther areas see the lights. B. It can help drivers slow down or stop in time. C. A and B. 【解析】選C。根據(jù)最后一段的第一、二句：Using the red light can help drivers in farther areas see the lights. It helps drivers slow down or sto

50、p in time. 可知。,( )5. Which of the following is the best title? A. Why do accidents happenB. How does the red light travelC. Why do we use red traffic lights【解析】選C。由本文第一段提出的問題：Why is red used for traffic lights inst

51、ead of other colors? 可知。,Ⅱ（2012·郴州中考） Zhang Lili, a young teacher from Heilongjiang, has been given the honor “the most beautiful teacher”. She risked her life to save 2 students from a high-speed bus i

52、n May 2012. She was badly injured in the accident. Her good deed(事跡) and brave acts have won great admiration from across the country. Many people have sent best wishes to her and donated a lot of money for her treatment

53、(治療).,,Zhu Zhiwen was born in Shandong in 1969. A year ago, he was an unknown farmer. But now he is very famous because of his great voice. He won the first prize in the program of “I’m a Big Star”. That day, he wore a

54、n old green overcoat, so people called him “Overcoat Brother”. He studied singing by listening to the radio. And he keeps practicing singing every morning for nearly 30 years. Jeremy Lin is known to people bec

55、ause of his high skill. Since February 4, 2011, he has led his team to win many games. Now he is so popular on the Internet that the videos about him are being crazy spread.,,,( )1. Zhang Lili has been given the hono

56、r “the most beautiful teacher” because _____ . A. she was badly injuredB. she risked her life to save two studentsC. she has a lot of money【解析】選B。由第一個表格中的第二句She risked her life to save 2 students from a high-speed bu

57、s in May 2012. 可知選B。,( )2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “admiration” in the passage? A. 敬佩 B. 同情 C. 感激 【解析】選A。由第一個表格中的內(nèi)容可知最美老師——張麗莉冒著生命危險救了2名學(xué)生，這種做法值得每個人敬佩和學(xué)習(xí)，故選A。(

58、 )3. Where is Zhu Zhiwen from? A. Heilongjiang. B. California. C. Shandong. 【解析】選C。由第二個表格中的第一句Zhu Zhiwen was born in Shandong in 1969. 可知選C。,( )4. Jeremy Lin is _____ . A. an American teacherB. a farme

59、r singerC. a basketball player【解析】選C。由第三個表格中的第二句Since February 4, 2011, he has led his team to win many games. 可知林書豪是運動員。故選C。,( )5. From the passage we can know _____. A. people have donated a lot of money for Zha

60、ng Lili’s treatmentB. Zhu Zhiwen studied singing by professional training C. Jeremy Lin was born in China【解析】選A。由第一個表格中的最后一句Many people have sent best wishes to her and donated a lot of money for her treatment. 可知選A。,

61、考點三 閱讀圖表型閱讀理解 閱讀圖表型閱讀理解是近幾年中考中出現(xiàn)的一種新的閱讀題型?？疾閮?nèi)容常涉及標(biāo)識、廣告、海報、調(diào)查表等。常見考查方式為：閱讀圖表，選出最佳選項回答問題。它不僅考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，同時還考查學(xué)生對圖片的觀察、分析、匯總、對比等能力。預(yù)計2013年將會繼續(xù)考查閱讀圖表型閱讀理解。,(2011·邵陽中考) 閱讀圖表，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中，選出最佳答案

62、回答問題或完成句子。( )1. What time is shown on this clock? A. Five to eight B. Five past eight. C. Eleven past eight. 【解析】選A。觀察鐘表，可知時間為7: 55，即差5分鐘八點。,( )2. If you can’t find your wallet, you should _____. A. tell

63、 your parents B. ask Jack about it C. ask Ms. Chang about it【解析】選C。注意觀察第二個圖表，可知是常女士撿到了錢包。,( )3. If you want to work for Shaoyang TV-News, you can _____. A. write a letterB. make a call C. send an e-m

64、ail 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表的最后一句可知給出了e-mail地址。,( )4. What does this sign mean? A. Please don’t make any noise. B. This is NO. 1. C. I’m thirsty. 【解析】選A。圖示理解題。圖示的意思為：禁止噪聲，請安靜。,( )5. Look at the front wall please. ___

65、__ means that this way is for a disabled person to go through. 【解析】選B。圖示理解題。圖示B的意思為：殘疾人通道。,Ⅰ. 閱讀圖表，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中，選出最佳選項回答問題。( )1. What does this sign mean in the street? A. You can park your car

66、here. B. You can’t buy cars here. C. You are not allowed to park yourcar here. 【解析】選C。此標(biāo)志意為“禁止停車”。故C項符合。,( )2. Different people like different TV programs. Which program do people like best? A. Fashion shows. B.

67、 Cartoons. C. News. 【解析】選C。由圖表可知喜歡不同類型節(jié)目的人數(shù)比例如下：News(37%)；Chat shows(19%); Sports (16%)。故人們最喜歡的節(jié)目為“News”。,( )3. Read the ad. You can take the bus to get to Baigongcheng Hotel. Welcome to Baigongcheng HotelPhone n

68、umber: 5356888Website: www. baigongcheng. comBuses to the hotel: You can take Bus No. 15 or Bus No. 38 to get there. A. No. 38 B. No. 8 C. No. 25【解析】選A。由廣告中“Buses to the hotel: You can take Bus No.

69、 15 or Bus No. 38 to get there. ”可知。,,( )4. We have very little time for _____ . It’s about one hour each day. A. study B. eating C. entertainment【解析】選C。由圖表可知：每天大約只有一小時所從事的活動是“entertainment”。