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1、外文文獻(xiàn)外文文獻(xiàn)IMPROVEMENTSINMINESURVEYINGINUNDERROUNDHYDROTECHNICALCONSTRUCTIONV.A.ZhilkinUDC528.514:627.8Theconstructionofundergroundstructuresfhyowerhydrotechnicalprojectsisaverycomplextypeofwk.Fmajhighheadhyowerschemestheun

2、dergroundwksunlikethoseftransptationareacterizedbyverycomplexarrangementswithdifferentshapesoveralldimensionsaresetatdifferentelevationsanglesrelativetooneanother.Thegroupofundergroundstructuresfahighheadhydroelectricsta

3、tionarepresentedinFig.i.Improvementstoapplicationofnewconstructiontechnologyfundergroundhyowerhydrotechnicalstructuresnecessitateraisingtheganizationalstardofminesurveyingwkwhichisacomponentofallthetechnologicalprocesses

4、.Theyrequireahigheraccuracycomparedtootherwkcarriedoutinhydrotechnicalconstruction.Atthepresentstageofdevelopmentofundergroundhyowerconstructionthecomplexityofexecutionthevolumeofminesurveyingwkareincreasingthetimesallot

5、tedftheircompletionarediminishing.Asaresulttherearisesthenecessityffurtherdevelopmentimprovementinminesurveyingmethodsinmeansofmeasurementinundergroundhydrotechnicalconstruction.Theobjectoftheprincipalminesurveyingwkboth

6、surfaceundergroundistoensureconcurrentexecutionofthewholecomplexofrocktunnelingactivitieswithinasinglemathematicallinkupsystemofcodinateselevationsfallstructuresofthehyowerprojectwithdifferentgroupingsystems.projectsofth

7、eStateTrustfConstructionofSpecialHydraulicStructures(Gidrospetsstrol)basicreducingtachometersBRT006havebeguntobeusedtheaccuracyofwktheoutputofminesurveyshaveimproved.Fig.i.Schematicarrangementoftheundergroundstructuresft

8、heNtekhydroelectricstationI)Hydroelectricstationbuilding2)iststageconduits3)2ndstageconduits4)permanentheadracetunnels5)transpttunnelNo.36)intermediateheadracetunnel7)transpttunnel8)emergencyspillwaywithsurfaceintake9)tr

9、anspttunneli0)loadingtunnelll)emergencytunnelwithsubmergedintake12)3rdhizonconstructiontunnel13)transpttunnelNo.i14)2ndhizonconstructiontunnel15)isthizonconstructiontunnel16)perpermanentwaterintakes.Inundergroundexcavati

10、onsfmeasuringsettingouthizontalverticalanglesfdeterminingdirectionsopticaltheologizesofvaryingaccuracyarebeingused.Moderntheologizesarecomplexopticalinstrumentswhichenablereadingstobemadewithasinglemicroscopethisiscommon

11、tobothcircleslocatedalongsidethetelescopeanimptantfactfundergroundwk.Thetheologizesoflatestmanufacturearefittedwithhighqualityshtlengthtelescopeswhichcanbeturnedthroughthezenithwitheitherendwhichisofspecialvalueunderther

12、estrictedconditionsencounteredunderground(Tablei).HighlyaccuratetheologizesTEO010TIT2guaranteemeasurementofangleswithaSDof?Theyareusedfestablishingtheundergroundminesurveyingdatum.TheologizesT5TuskT5vTI5T30OMT30guarantee

13、measurementofangleswithaSDof?theyfallintotheengineeringcategyareusedflayingoutsurveyingunderground.Industryhasnowcommencedputtingoutnewanglemeasuringinstrumentswithimprovedtechnicaloperationalacteristicsviz.2T22T5k2T52Tl

14、SkwhicharebeingintroducedonprojectsintheUSSR.Itcannowbeconcludedthatanglemeasuringinstrumentsbeingusedinminesurveyingwkmeetthecurrentlevelofundergroundhydrotechnicalconstruction.Useismadeoflevelsofvariousdesignsaccuracie

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