倉庫管理系統(tǒng)外文文獻

1、InternationalJournalofComputerApplications(0975–8887)Volume54–No.1September201214ImpactofWarehouseManagementSysteminaSupplyChainRamaa.ARVCEDept.ofIndustrialEnggManagementRVCEB’le.K.N.SubramanyaRVCEDept.ofIndustrialEnggMa

2、nagementRVCEB’leT.M.RangaswamyRVCEDept.ofIndustrialEnggManagementRVCEB’le.ABSTRACTInasupplychainwarehousingfunctionisverycriticalasitactsasanodeinlinkingthematerialflowsbetweenthesuppliercustomer.Intoday’scompetitivemark

3、etenvironmentcompaniesarecontinuouslyfcedtoimprovetheirwarehousingoperations.Manycompanieshavealsocustomizedtheirvaluepropositiontoincreasetheircustomerservicelevelswhichhasledtochangesintheroleofwarehouses.Thispaperhigh

4、lightsthefindingsofthestudycarriedouttoevaluateperfmancelevelsenhanceproductivityofthemanualwarehousesbydevelopingaWMSframewkcostbenefitanalysis.GeneralTermsSupplychainWarehouseManagementsystem.KeywdsWarehousemanagements

5、ystemsupplychaincostbenefitanalysisvaluestreammapping.1.INTRODUCTIONAwarehouseisafacilityinthesupplychaintoconsolidateproductstoreducetransptationcostachieveeconomiesofscaleinmanufacturinginpurchasing[1]providevalueadded

6、processesshtenresponsetime[2].Warehousinghasalsobeenrecognizedasoneofthemainoperationswherecompaniescanprovidetailedservicesftheircustomersgaincompetitiveadvantage.Therearevarioustypesofwarehouses:theycanbeclassifiedinto

7、productionwarehousesdistributioncenters[3]bytheirrolesinthesupplychaintheycanbeclassifiedasrawmaterialswarehouseswkinprocesswarehousesfinishedgoodwarehousesdistributionwarehousesfulfillmentwarehouseslocalwarehousesdirect

8、tocustomerdemvalueaddedservicewarehouses[4].Fig1.TypicalwarehousefunctionsAsmentionedabovetheheterogeneouswarehouseshavedifferentoperations.Howevermostofthemsharesomegeneralpatternofmaterialflowtypicalwarehouseoperations

9、include:receivingputawayinternalreplenishmentderpickingaccumulatingstingpackingcrossdockingshipping(Figure1)[5]Warehouseshavebeengoingthroughvariouschallengessuchas–supplychainsarebecomingmeintegratedshterglobalizedopera

10、tioncustomersaremedemingtechnologychangesareoccurringrapidly.Indertocopeupwiththesechallengesganizationsareadoptinginnovativeapproachessuchaswarehousemanagementsystem.AwarehousemanagementsystemWMSprimarilyaimstocontrolth

11、emovementstageofmaterialswithinawarehouseprocesstheassociatedtransactionsincludingshippingreceivingputawaypicking.Awarehousemanagementsystem(WMS)isadatabasedrivencomputerapplicationtoimprovetheefficiencyofthewarehousebyd

12、irectingcutawaystomaintainaccurateinventybyrecdingwarehousetransactions.Thesystemsalsodirectoptimizestockbasedonrealtimeinfmationaboutthestatusofbinutilization..ItoftenutilizeAutoIDDataCapture(AIDC)technologysuchasbarcod

13、escannersmobilecomputerswirelessLANs(LocalAreawk)potentiallyRadiofrequencyidentification(RFID)toefficientlymonittheflowofproducts.Oncedatahasbeencollectedthereiseitherbatchsynchronizationwitharealtimewirelesstransmission

14、toacentraldatabase.Thedatabasecanthenprovideusefulreptsaboutthestatusofgoodsinthewarehouse.Theprimaryfunctionofawarehousecontrolsystemistoreceiveinfmationfromtheupperlevelhostsystemmostoftenbeingthewarehousemanagementsys

15、temtranslateitfthedailyoperations.Acommongoalistoensureasituationwherewarehouseemployeesneverhavetoretypeinfmationbecauseitalreadyliesinonesystemiscollectedautomatically.Warehousecontrolsystemisusuallytheinterfacethatisu

16、sedtomanageprocessespeopleequipmentontheoperationallevel.Basedonwarehousecontrolsystemliteraturedistinguishesthreetypesofwarehousemanagementsystems[6]:BasicWMS–Thissystemisapttosupptstocklocationcontrolonly.Itismainlyuse

17、dtoregisterinfmation.StingpickinginstructionsmaybegeneratedbythesystempossiblydisplayedonRFterminals.Thewarehousemanagementinfmationissimplefocusesonthroughputmainly.PutawayCrossdockingPutawayReplenishmentReplenishmentSt

18、ageinthereserveareaInspectionreceivingShippingCasepickingBrokencasepickingStationAccumulationpackingInternationalJournalofComputerApplications(0975–8887)Volume54–No.1September201216Table1–PerfmanceMetricsofawarehouseCate

19、gyMeasureDefinitionderfulfillmentOntimedeliverydersdeliveredontimepercustomerrequesteddatederfillratedersfilledcompletelyonfirstshipmentderaccuracyderpickedpackedshippedperfectlyLineaccuracyLinespickedpackedshippedperfec

20、tlydercycletimeTimefromderplacementtoshipmentPerfectdercompletiondersdeliveredwithoutchangesdamageinvoiceerrs.InventymanagementmeasuresInventyAccuracyActualinventyquantitytosystemreptedquantityDamagedinventyDamagemeasure

21、asa%ofinventyvalueStageutilizationOccupiedspace(squarefootage)asa%ofstagecapacity(squarefootage)DocktostocktimeAvg.timefromcarrierarrivaluntilproductisavailablefderpickingInventyvisibilityTimefromphysicalreceipttocustome

22、rservicenoticeofavailabilityWarehouseproductivitydersperhourAvg.numberofderspickedpackedperpersonhourLinesperhourAvg.numberofderslinespickedpackedperperson–hourItemsperhourAvg.numberofdersitemspickedpackedperperson–hourC

23、ostperderTotalwarehousingcosts–Fixed:spaceutilitiesdepreciationVariable:labsuppliesCostasa%ofsalesTotalwarehousingcostasapercentoftotalcompanysales.4.CASESTUDYThestudywasconductedatIndia’sbiggestretailcompanywhichhasdeve

24、lopedexpertiseinSupplyChainManagementofconsumerproductcategiessuchasFashionFoodGeneralMerchise.Thecompanyoperatesfrom60strategicallylocatedhubsservicingmethan2600retailoutletsspreadacrossthelengthbreadthofIndia.Itswkoffa

25、cilitiesspecializedexpertiseenableittomanagemethan3millionSKUsperyear.Thisrequires30distinctsupplychainstobemanagedsimultaneouslyeachwiththeirownspecificrequirementsthatrequirecustomizedsolutions.Outofthethreewarehousesw

26、herethestudywastakenuponehadautomatedWMStheothertwowarehousesweremanuallyrunhadahighcycletimeof773minutes.Theretailchaincompanypossessedthreemewarehouseswhichwerecateringtoatotalof14stesacrosssouthIndia.Withthecompanypla

27、nningtoaddmestesestablishacentralizedwarehousethischainwouldbecomeinefficient.IndertoimprovetheefficiencyastudywastakentoanalysetheimpactofimplementationofWMSinthesewarehouses.Thestudybeganwiththeunderstingthecurrentstat

28、eofoperationsofthewarehouses.Valuestreammapswereusedfthesame.ValueStreamMappingisthesimpleprocessofdirectlyobservingtheflowofinfmationmaterialastheyoccursummarizingthemvisually.AValueStreaminvolvesallofthestepsbothvaluea

29、ddednonvalueaddedrequiredtobringaproductservicethroughtheprocesssteps.Itisavisualtoolusedtohelpseethehiddenwastesourcesofwaste.ACurrentStateMapisdrawntodocumenthowthingsactuallyoperate(thisisthe“asis”process).ThenaFuture

30、SystemMap(howitshouldbe)isdevelopedtodesignaleanprocessflowthroughtheeliminationoftherootcausesofwastethroughprocessimprovementsallleadingtoanimplementationThecurrentvaluestreammapusedinthestudyisasshowninfigure2.Inthese

31、warehousesthegoodswerereceivedinbulkputawayinracks.Onthereceiptofderarticleswerepickedpackeddispatched.TheprocesswastedioustocarryoutasnoWMSwasavailable.ThoughscannerswereusedfGoodsReceiptNoteinthesewarehousesitwasstillc

32、onsideredamanualwarehouse.Manyvendsprovidinggoodsfthewarehousewerestillsendingthegoodsdirectlytothestesthentothewarehouseowingtotheinfrastructurecapacityconstraints.Thisgreatlyincreasesthelogisticscostinvolved.Thecurrent

33、processhadacycletimeof773minutesofwhich537minuteswasnonvalueaddedtime.Alotoftimewaswastedasthesupplierhadtowaitaboutanhourbefetheunloadingcantakeplace.Therewasnosystemtoscheduletimefthearrivalofvehicles.Sinceaflowthrough

34、processwasfollowedthegoodsweretobestedontheflotilltheyweredispatched.Amountofgoodsthatcanbesteddirectlycrespondstothetotalflospaceavailable.Thecubicalspacewasnoteffectivelyutilized.Minimalrackingwasavailabletoste“returnt

35、ovendgoods”.Withlimitedavailableinfrastructureitwasdifficulttotrackretrievetheseitems.ThefuturestatevaluestreammapisdrawnincpatingWMSPut–to–lightsystemrackingstackinginfrastructureisshowninfigure3.Asshowninthemapthecycle

36、timeoftheprocessreducesto236minutes.Thenonvalueaddedtimereducesto95minutes.Themanpowerrequiredisreducedby40percent.Theprocesswiseimprovementsareshowninthetable2Table2.PerfmanceImprovementsatWarehouseafterWMSImplementatio