2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、Designation:D2325–68(Reapproved2000)StardTestMethodfCapillaryMoistureRelationshipsfCoarseMediumTexturedSoilsbyPousPlateApparatus1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD2325thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationin

2、dicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon(e)indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodc

3、oversthedeterminationofcapillarymoisturerelationshipsfcoarsemediumtexturedsoilsasindicatedbythesoilmoisturetensionrelationsftensionsbetween10101kPa(0.11atm).Underequilibriumconditionsmoisturetensionisdefinedastheequivale

4、ntnegativegagepressuresuctioncrespondingtoasoilmoisturecontent.Thistestmethoddeterminestheequilibriummoisturecontentretainedinasoilsubjectedtoagivensoilwatertension.Thistestmethodisnotsuitablefveryfinetexturedsoils.NOTE1

5、—FdeterminationofcapillarymoisturerelationshipsffinetexturedsoilsrefertoTestMethodD3152.1.2Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyproblemsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablis

6、happropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:D421PracticefDryPreparationofSoilSamplesfParticleSizeAnalysisDeterminationofSoilConstants2D698Tes

7、tMethodfLabatyCompactionacteristicsofSoilusingStardEfft(12400ft–lbfft3(600kNmm3))D3152TestMethodfCapillaryMoistureRelationshipsfFineTexturedSoilsbyPressureMembraneApparatus23.SummaryofTestMethod3.1Saturatedsoilsamplesare

8、placedincontactwithasaturatedpousplateinstalledwithinapressurechamber.Thebottomofeachplateiscoveredbyarubbermembraneotherwisesealedtobeairtight.Thebottomofeachplateismaintainedatatmosphericpressurebymeansofasmalldraintub

9、eopeningthroughthesideofthepressurechamber.Adesiredairpressureadmittedtothepressurechamberconsequentlytothetopofthepousplatecreatesapressureacrossthepousplate.Thesaturatedsoilsamplesontheplatesestablishequilibriumwiththe

10、waterintheplate.Thewaterheldatatensionlessthanthepressureacrossthepousplatewillthenmoveoutofthesoilthroughtheplateoutthroughthedraintube.Whenwaterhasceasedtoflowfromthesamplepousplate(indicatingequilibriumfthatparticular

11、tension)themoisturecontentofeachsampleisdetermined.Aseriesofthesetestsatvarioustensionsisrequiredtoprepareacompletecurveofthecapillarymoisturerelationshipfanyparticularsoil.4.Apparatus4.1Anassemblyoftheapparatusisshownin

12、Fig.1.4.1.1PousPlateApparatusconsistingofthefollowing:4.1.1.1PressureContainer(suchasapressurecooker)ofapproximately15L(16qt)capacity.4.1.1.2PousCeramicPlates1to4(seeFig.2)approximately280mm(111?4in.)indiameter6mm(1?4in.

13、)inthicknesswithanairentryvalueof203kPa(2atm).4.1.1.3BrassSpout—Thebrassspout(oneperpousplate)shallconsistofabrasstubeassociatedwashersgasketsbrassnuts.Itshallprovideanairtightjointwhenedthroughthepousplate38mm(1.5in.)fr

14、omtheedgeoftheplate.Thelengthoftheunthreadedptionofthebrasstubeshallbe9.5mm(3?8in.)thelengthofthethreadedptionshallbe15.8mm(5?8in.)theinsidediameterofthetubeshallbe1.7mm(1?16in.)theoutsidediameteroftheupperunthreadedptio

15、nshallbe4mm(5?32in.)theoutsidediameterofthelowerthreadedptionshallbe4.8mm(3?16in.).Thetapsizeftheholethroughthepousplateshallbe5.5mm(7?32in.).4.1.1.4Disksof10meshBrassScreenfrom1to4ofslightlysmallerdiameterthanbottomofpo

16、usceramicplates.4.1.1.5RubberMembrane—Themembraneshallconsistofsheetneoprene0.79mm(1?32in.)inthicknesswithahardnessof35bytheSheDurometer.Placeadiskofbrassscreenoverthebottomofeachpousceramicplatetoprovidespaceftheflowofw

17、aterbetweenthemembranetheceramicplate(seeFig.2).Thenplacetherubbermembranesnuglyoverthebrassscreenglueitsecurelytotheouteredgeoftheceramicplatewraptheedgetightlywithwire(seeFig.2).4.1.1.6Tubing—Aflexibletubingtube3mm(1?8

18、in.)in1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilRockisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD18.04onHydrologicPropertiesofSoilsRocks.CurrenteditionapprovedSept.131968.iginallyissuedasD2325–64T.Lastprevi

19、ouseditionD2325–64T.2AnnualBookofASTMStardsVol04.08.1Copyright?ASTM100BarrHarbDriveWestConshohockenPA194282959UnitedStates.preventabsptionofmoisturefromtheatmospherefollowingdryingbefefinalweighing.Onecontainerisneededfe

20、achmoisturecontentdetermination.Containersshouldbe6090cm3(23oz)capacity.Thecontainersarenumberedinpairstocoincidewiththeretainerrings.4.1.11SaturationTray—Awaterprooftrayabout30mm(1.2in.)indepthlargeenoughtoholdatleast4p

21、ousplateswhilesamplesarebeingsaturatedthereon.4.1.12Balance—Abalancewithacapacityofatleast200gsensitiveto0.01g.4.1.13Desiccat—Adesiccatofsuitablesizetoholdsamplesfcoolingafterremovalfromtheoven.4.1.14Oven—Athermostatical

22、lycontrolleddryingovencapableofmaintainingtemperaturesat11065C(23069F).4.1.15Trimmers—Wiresawbevelledstraightedgespatulaothersmalltoolsftrimmingthetestspecimen.5.Samples5.1Maketestsinduplicateonspecimenscutfromundisturbe

23、dremoldedsamplesonspecimenspackedfromloosedisturbedsamples.Placeduplicatesinpairedretainerringsdiametricallyoppositeeachotheronthepressureplate.6.PreparationofTestSpecimensfromDisturbedSamples6.1Takeasampleweighingapprox

24、imately25gfromthethoughlymixedptionoftheairdriedsoilpassingthe2.00mm(No.10)sievewhichhasbeenobtainedinaccdancewithPracticeD421.6.2Poureachsampleintoaretainerringpackleveltofilltheringbypressingthetopsurfacewiththetestspe

25、cimenpackerdiskusinganappliedfceof9000g.Recdonthereptfmthesampletypedisturbedthenumbersofthepairedsampleretainerringscontainingtheduplicatesamples.7.PreparationofTestSpecimensfromUndisturbedSamples7.1Cutablockofthemateri

26、alfromwhichthetestspecimenistobepreparedwithtwoplanefaces.Determinerecdthenaturalmoisturecontentdryunitweightofthesampleblock.Alsorecdthedirection(perpendiculartransverse)ofthesamplinginrelationtothestructuraldepositiona

27、llayers.7.2Placethetestspecimencutterwiththecuttingedgedownwardontopofoneoftheplanefacesfcethecutterdownlightlygraduallyasexcessmaterialistrimmedfromtheoutsideusingtheminimumpressurerequiredonthecutter.Thetrimmingmotions

28、shallbefromthecutteroutwarddownwardleavingacolumnofsoilslightlylargerthantheoutsidediameterofthecuttingedge.Whenthecutterismethanhalffullofsoilremovetheexcessatthebottomwiththewiresawinvertthecutteruseastraightedgetomake

29、thesoilflush.Invertthecutteragainplaceitonthesmoothfaceofthemetalblankcarefullyfceitdownwarduntiltheblankisflush.Removetheexcesssoilatthetopwiththewiresawtruetheendwiththestraightedgeremovetheblankbymeansofthedetachableh

30、le.7.3Placethespecimencutterwiththespecimendownwardoveraretainerringusethemetalblanktogentlythetestspecimenintothering.Recdonthereptthesampletypeundisturbedthenumbersofthepairedsampleretainerringscontainingtheduplicatesa

31、mples.7.4Maintainthesamplesinclosedcontainersuntiltimeftesting.8.PreparationofTestSpecimensfromCompactedSamples8.1CompactthesampletoadensitymoisturecontentdesiredfanticipatedserviceconditionsinaccdancewithTestMethodsD698

32、.8.2Afterthecompactedsamplehasbeenejectedfromthecompactionmoldcutthetestspecimenbytheprocessusedfundisturbedsamplesasdescribedin7.17.4.Recdonthereptfmthesampletypecompactedthenumbersofthepairedsampleretainerringscontaini

33、ngtheduplicatesamples.9.SaturatingTestingofPousPlates9.1Installbystackingwithplasticplugsfspacersasmanypousplatesinthepressurecontainerasaretobeusedinthetest.Fillthecontainerwithwaterplacethelidonthecontainerlockitinthec

34、losedposition.9.2ClosevalvesCEopenvalvesABsetthepressureat101kPa776mmHg(1atm15psi)byadjustingthecontrolvalveonthepressureregulatnotingthepressureonthemercurymanometer.OpenvalveConthewatertrapcylinder.Themeasuredrateofwat

35、eroutflowfromthepousplatesshouldbeatleast10mLminfsatisfactyoperationoftheplates.9.3Checktheplatesfairentryvalueasfollows:releasetheairpressurebyclosingvalveCbyopeningvalveDonthelidemptytheexcesswaterfromthepressurecontai

36、nerplates.Closelockthelidofthecontainerapplythedesiredpressure.Afterapproximately10minatthispressuretheoutflowofwaterfromtheplateoutletsshouldceasethereshouldbenobubblingofairfromtheseoutlets.Thiswillindicatethattheentry

37、valuesftheplatesareabovethevalueoftheappliedpressure.9.4Iftroubleisencounteredinairpressurecontrolsubmergethepressurecontainerinwaterwiththepressurestillontocheckfleaksinthelidgasketcontainerconnections.9.5Exercisecareth

38、atthepressureisreleasedbymeansofvalveDbefethelidisopenedinjurymayoccurtotheoperatdamagetothecontainer.10.Procedure10.1Placetherequirednumberofsaturatedpousplatesinthesaturationtrayonepousplatefapproximately12sampleretain

39、errings.PlacetheretainerringscontainingduplicatesamplespreparedasdescribedunderSections678onapousplatelocatingduplicatesamplesdiametricallyoppositeeachother.10.2Placeacontrolsampleretainerringinthecenterofthepousplate.In

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