高中英語(yǔ)句子成分與結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)質(zhì)課件

1、Overview of Grammar,句子成分,句子成分:,主語(yǔ)（subject）謂語(yǔ)（predicate）賓語(yǔ)（object）定語(yǔ)（attribute）狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（complement） （可以熟記為：主謂賓，定狀補(bǔ)）表語(yǔ)（predicative）同位語(yǔ)（appositive）,句子成分符號(hào)：,主語(yǔ)： —————— 謂語(yǔ)： ________賓語(yǔ)： 波浪線定語(yǔ)： ( ) 狀語(yǔ)

2、： [ ]賓補(bǔ)：〈 〉 表語(yǔ)： 雙波浪線,主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。Exercise:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class.One-third of the student

3、s in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to mast

4、er a foreign language. That he isn’t at home is not true.,_________________,___,__________________,_______________,_______,______,_______________________________,_____________________,_______________,謂語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)

5、作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。 He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

6、 My sister is crying over there.（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)， 要和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)。 We are students. Your idea sounds great.,表語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)多是形容詞，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞之后。 Exercise:Our teacher of English is an Ame

7、rican. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one.His job is to teach English.His hobby（愛(ài)好）is playing football. The machine must be under repairs. The truth

8、is that he has never been abroad.,__________,_____,___,______,________,_____________,____________,___________,_________________________,如何辨別系動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,She looks beautiful. (系動(dòng)詞)Look at the picture. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)He

9、 felt the book with his right hand. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞) The silk feels soft. (系動(dòng)詞),辨別下列粗體動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,The door stays open at night.He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.The book still lies open on the desk.

10、What he said proved true..He can’t proved his theory(理論).,賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞充當(dāng)，表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。賓語(yǔ)分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。Exercise:They planted many trees yesterday. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have

11、 five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. I wanted to buy a car. I enjoy listening to popular music.I think（that）he is fit for his office.,_________,___,_____,_________,_____________________,________

12、______________,_____________,Vt or Vi,Most birds can fly. The children are flying kites in the park. It happened yesterday. My watch stopped. The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. She spoke at the meetin

13、g this morning. Shall I begin at once? She began working as a teacher after she left school. When did they leave Beijing? They left last week.,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。換句話說(shuō)，在意

14、思上，賓語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于賓補(bǔ)的主語(yǔ)。Exercise：His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room.We found everything in the la

15、b in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.I want your homework done on time.,________,_____,__,___________________,______________,__________,_________________,___________,主補(bǔ),對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子在變成

16、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，原來(lái)的賓補(bǔ)就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 We elected him our monitor.He was elected our monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.,定語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢

17、語(yǔ)中常用“…的”表示。在英語(yǔ)中，許多情況下，定語(yǔ)是放在所修飾詞后面的，這點(diǎn)與漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣不同，也是許多同學(xué)不能讀懂長(zhǎng)句的主要原因。 There are many big, red apples hanging on the tree.,____________,_______,__________,Exercise:,The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.The woman with a ba

18、by in her arms is his mother.We need a place twice larger than this one.She carried a basket full of eggs.It’s a book worth no more than one dollar.It’s a city far from the coast.He has money enough to buy a car.,__

19、________,______________________,_______________________,__________,____________________________,_________________,__________________,Exercise:,The man downstairs was trying to sleep.Tigers belonging to meat-eating anima

20、ls feed on meat. A boy calling himself John wanted to see youHe picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back homeThere are many clothes to be washed. Most of the singers invited to the party were from Ameri

21、ca.,__________,_______________________________,___________________,__________________,____________,_________________,狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)的種類: 時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子, 說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)。He writes carefully. He w

22、alks slowly.This material is environmentally friendly.He runs very slowly.Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. 幾個(gè)并列狀語(yǔ)的先后順序：方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間 （一個(gè)句中有幾個(gè)并列狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間。）He worked hard at his lessons last year

23、.,指出下列劃線部分屬于什么狀語(yǔ),How about meeting again at six? Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. She came in with

24、 a dictionary in her hand. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business.,The boy needs a pen very much. The boy really needs a pen. He

25、 was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. She works very hard though she is old. I am taller than he is. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. Having to finish

26、his homework, the boy needs a pen.,指出下列劃線部分屬于什么狀語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說(shuō)明的成分，近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。We students should study hard. We all are students. It’s good to us students.,________,__,________,簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型,Ｓ Ｖ （主＋謂）

27、 She came． Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋謂＋賓） She likes English. Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） She is happy． Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓） She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)） She makes her mother a

28、ngry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. （ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）,,Ex.分析下列句子屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。Dark clouds hung overhead. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. He is smiling all ove