《英語(yǔ)句子成分》ppt課件

1、英語(yǔ)重結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語(yǔ)重語(yǔ)義。,“就句子的結(jié)構(gòu)而論，西洋語(yǔ)言是法治的，中國(guó)語(yǔ)言是人治的?！?--王力,文章,,,,,段落,句子,詞組,單詞,句子成分,主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),句子的成分,表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事物”,主 語(yǔ),Gina is from Australia.She often goes to the movies.Three is enough.Doing the work is

2、hard for him. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.,-名詞-代詞-數(shù)詞-動(dòng)名詞-不定式-主語(yǔ)從句,,,,主語(yǔ)在哪里,The young should respect the old.,Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.,What he has said is true.,,Seeing is believi

3、ng.,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么” 或“怎么樣”, 謂語(yǔ)通常是動(dòng)詞。,主謂要一致,謂 語(yǔ),We love China.,He has a bad cold.,,,We have finished reading this book.,,謂語(yǔ)在哪里,They can speak English well.,助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),,He looked after two boys.,They enjoyed playing c

4、omputer games.,表示動(dòng)作, 行為的對(duì)象說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”,賓 語(yǔ),He is looking at the dog.,賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后,賓 語(yǔ),Tom teaches us English.,雙賓語(yǔ),人是間接賓語(yǔ)，物是直接賓語(yǔ),My brother hasn’t done his homework. A        B

5、60;      C            D,賓語(yǔ)在哪里,I bought a computer last week.A B C D,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”, “怎么樣” 位于系動(dòng)詞之后,表 語(yǔ),Her

6、 mother is a teacher.,The food tastes delicious.,He always kept silent at meeting.,系動(dòng)詞,狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)、身份等，主要有be。,I am hungry.,持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞 表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay等。,He became mad after that.,系動(dòng)詞,感官系動(dòng)詞 主要有feel, s

7、mell, sound, taste, look等。,This flower smells very sweet.,變化系動(dòng)詞 表示主語(yǔ)變化，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come等。,找出表語(yǔ),Every thing looks nice.,His face turned red.,He is happy.,修飾名詞或代詞,定 語(yǔ),She’s a good basketball pla

8、yer.,What’s your name?,The girl with long hair is my sister.,找出定語(yǔ),Some people forgot to sweep the floor. A       B        C    &

9、#160;             D,The man downstairs was trying to sleep.　　 A             

10、 B        C          D,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句, 說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、頻率、伴隨、目的等。,狀 語(yǔ),The students followed Uncle Wang to see the ot

11、her machines.,He sat there quietly.,找出狀語(yǔ),He began writing when he was eleven.　　　 A       B          C       

12、            D,There was a big smile on her face.　A      B          C   &#

13、160;          D,用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),We elected him our monitor.,He asked her to take the boy out of school.,I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A  B    &

14、#160;     C               D,They call me Lily sometimes.　A    B    C    D

15、,找出賓補(bǔ),I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,↓主語(yǔ),,↓謂語(yǔ),↓定語(yǔ),↓賓語(yǔ),↓同位語(yǔ),↓狀語(yǔ),Summary,練習(xí):翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。(rise)她喜歡看書(shū)。他的臉紅了。(turn red)4. 我給他看我的照片。5. 他們把門(mén)漆成綠色。(paint),練習(xí):翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型太陽(yáng)從東方升起來(lái)了。(

16、rise)她喜歡看書(shū)。他的臉紅了。(turn red)4. 我給他看我的照片。5. 他們把門(mén)漆成綠色。(paint),The sun has risen in the east.She enjoys reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.,簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型,1 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及

17、物動(dòng)詞）（S+Vi型）,He came.She dances.,,yesterday evening.,,two hours.,in the past ten years.,,1．她昨天回家很晚。,2．會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。,3．在過(guò)去的十年里，（在）我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。,She went home,very late,The meeting will last,Great changes have taken place,i

18、n my home town,鞏固練習(xí)：,2 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)(S+Vt+O),,I saw her.They like watching TV.,1．昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。,2．今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3．這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了,4．他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。,5．那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。,I wrote a letter,last night.,I want to talk with you,this afternoon.,H

19、e has read this book,many times.,They have carried out the plan,successfully.,That gentleman can speak three languages,fluently.,鞏固練習(xí)：,簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型3 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),3 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)+ 間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect),I gave her a bo

20、ok. She showed her friends all the pictures.,漢譯英練習(xí)      雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)  說(shuō)明：由主語(yǔ)+及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（事物）組成。如，He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人）

21、，則要借助于介詞to或for,如，,He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。,常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, ret

22、urn, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。,1．Johnson 先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 2．奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3．請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 4．他把車票給列車員看。,Mr Joh

23、nson taught us German,last year.,Grandma told me an interesting story,last night.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,,,,,,,,,4 主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P),I am a student. She looks ve

24、ry young.,英語(yǔ)基本句型-4主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)組成，主要用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有:1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn,

25、 go, run, fall, come, grow;,鞏固練習(xí)：1．冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)2．十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 3．孩子們很少保持安靜。 4．她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。,In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.,Children sel

26、dom keep quiet.,Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.,5 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(S+Vt+O+OC),I asked Mary to help me.We call our headmaster a wise man.,鞏固練習(xí)：1．我們叫她Alice. 2．我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 3．他們把小偷釋放了。 4．我要

27、你把真相告訴我。 5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開(kāi)。 6. 每天早晨我們都聽(tīng)到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。 7．他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)8．我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。,,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,,They have set the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to l

28、eave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He has his hair cut once a month.,We won’t let her go out at night.,請(qǐng)說(shuō)出下列句子類型。,1.Summer is coming.2.They are drinking water.3.He showed me a new TV set.4.She

29、 told me what to do.5.The weather is very cold.,S+V,S+V+C,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,S+V+P,,英語(yǔ)基本句型6 There be 句型,英語(yǔ)基本句型6 There be 句型 說(shuō)明： 此句型是由“there+be+主語(yǔ)+其他”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“……有……”。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，the

30、re 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)意。 此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)

31、和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有 There is/are … 過(guò)去有 There was/were… 將來(lái)有 There will be…； There is /are going to be... 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 There has/have been… 可能有 There might be... 肯定有 There must

32、be … There must have been... 過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有 There used to be … 似乎有 There seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 There happen/happens/happened to be …,鞏固練習(xí)：1．這個(gè)村子過(guò)去只有一口井。 2．客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國(guó)人和兩名法國(guó)人。 3．天氣預(yù)

33、報(bào)說(shuō)下午有大風(fēng)。 4．燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 5．戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的.,,Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.,The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.,The light is on. There must be someone in the of