四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)20詳細(xì)解析

1、Passage1Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengagedbiochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmeeffectivelyincognitive（認(rèn)知的）areassuchasattentionmemy.Thisistrueregardlessofage.Peoplewillbealert(警覺(jué)的)rec

2、eptive(接受能力強(qiáng)的)iftheyarefacedwithinfmationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.someonewithahistyofdoingmeratherthanlesswillgointooldagemecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.Manyexpertsaresocon

3、vincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheytowkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarilytolearntomemizeenmousamountsofinfmation”saysJamesFozardassociatedirectoftheNationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdo

4、ntneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmentalalertness.”Fozardotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskillsbothbecausetheyenjoythembecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeof

5、activitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswk.GeneCohenactingdirectofthesameinstitutesuggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphys

6、icallyactiveasweagebutolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiestobegenerallyhappierbetteradjusted.“Thepointisyouneedtodoboth“Cohensays“intellectualactivityactuall

7、yinfluencesbraincellhealthsize.”1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose_______.A)whocanrememberlargeamountsofinfmationB)whoarehighlyintelligentC)whosemindsarealertreceptiveD)whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentsounds2.Accdi

8、ngtoFozard’sargumentpeoplecanmaketheirbrainswkmeefficientlyby.A)constantlydoingmemywkB)takingpartinvariousmentalactivitiesC)goingthroughspecifictrainingD)makingfrequentadjustments3.ThefindingsofJamesotherscientistsinthei

9、rwk______.A)remainatheytobefurtherprovedB)havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexpertsC)havebeengenerallyacceptedD)arepractisedbytheresearchersthemselves4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto_______.A)keepfitbygoinginfphysicalactivi

10、tiesB)keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrainsC)maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictrainingD)maintainabalancebetweenindividualgroupactivities5.WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutA)Howbiochemicalchangesoccurinthehumanbrain.d

11、o.D)compulsivebargainhuntersdonothaveproblemswithmoney.4.Thearticleismainlyabout.A)thepsychologyofmoneyspendinghabitsB)thepurchasinghabitsofcompulsivespendersC)aspecialpsychologyofbargainhuntingD)theuseofthepsychologyofs

12、pendinghabitsinbusiness5.Fromthepassagewemaysafelyconcludethatcompulsivespenderscompulsivebargainhunters.A)arereallyunreasonableB)needspecialtreatmentC)arereallybeyondremediesD)cannevergetanyhelptosolvetheirproblemswithm

13、oneyPassage3Thereisnodoubtthatacommonlanguageusedthroughoutthewldwoulddomuchtobringcountriesclosertoeachother.Thoughitisbecomingincreasinglyeasytomovefromplacetoplaceourinabilitytocommunicatewithoneanothergivesrisetonume

14、rousmisunderstingsmakesrealcontactbetweenpeopleofdifferingnationalitiesimpossible.Manyattemptshavebeenmadetoovercomethisproblemtheyhaveallfailed.Thefearoffeigninfluencedominationrulesouttheuniversalacceptanceofanyoneofth

15、eexistingmajlanguages.Awareofthisdifficultymanylinguistshaveconstructedartificiallanguageswhichcouldhavenopossiblepoliticalovertones.TheyhavearguedthatalanguageofthisstwouldperfmmuchthesameserviceasLatindidinthedleAges.A

16、lthoughlinguistssucceededinmakingtheirartificiallanguagesextremelysimplesothattheywouldbeeasytolearntheirefftsseemeddoomedfromthestart.Thereasonfthisisthatthereisnorealincentivetolearnanartificiallanguage.Thereisnothingt

17、oguaranteethateverybodyiswillingtomaketheefftthereisnoassurancethatthelearnerwillhaveanyadequatereturnfhistoil.Whenpeopletodayundertaketolearnafeignlanguagetheyarenotinterestedonlyinspeakingit.Masteryofalanguagemakesavai

18、labletothelearneragreatdealofwthwhileliteraturemanycurrentpublications.Thisisthebiggeststumblingblockofallftheartificiallyconstructedtongue.Havingnoliteratureofitsownallitcanofferisalimitedoftranslationswhicharevalueless

19、inthemselves.Ncanitacquireanyliteraturefitwouldhavetobeusedfagreatmanygenerationsbefethiscouldbecomepossible.Meoverconstantuseoveralongperiodwouldbringintobeingmanynationaldialectsthelanguagewouldthusdefeatitsownpurpose.

20、Anotherseriousobjectionisthefactthatalanguageisshapedbyusenotbydesign.Itisalivingthingwhichisfevergrowingchanging.Ittakeshundredsofyearsbefeitcanacquirerichnessdepth.Inanartificiallanguagehoweverthemeaningsofwdsarerigidl

21、ydefined.Inflexibilitymakesfanabsenceofsubtletysothatnoreallyfinemeaningcanbeconveyed.Thoughthisqualitymightbeadmirablefscientificpublicationsitgreatlyimpedesthefmationofanysignificantliterature.Latinwasidealinthisrespec