宋五家詩(shī)鈔研究

1、 I 《宋五家詩(shī)鈔》研究 摘 要 朱自清先生的遺稿中有《古詩(shī)歌箋釋三種》 、 《十四家詩(shī)鈔》 、 《宋五家詩(shī)鈔》三種講義， “所選均屬先秦至北宋有代表性的詩(shī)人與詩(shī)作，時(shí)間上前后銜接，呈露出朱先生關(guān)于古代詩(shī)歌史的構(gòu)想” 。其中， 《宋五家詩(shī)鈔》最能體現(xiàn)先生偏愛(ài)“散文化”的詩(shī)學(xué)觀，故本文以《宋五家詩(shī)鈔》為研究對(duì)象，兼及同時(shí)代的宋詩(shī)選本，并在晚清民國(guó)宋詩(shī)研究和新舊文學(xué)交替的背景下，探討朱先生的宋詩(shī)觀，評(píng)估《宋五家詩(shī)鈔》的學(xué)術(shù)地位。 《宋五家詩(shī)

2、鈔》是朱自清先生在西南聯(lián)大開(kāi)“宋詩(shī)”課時(shí)編撰的宋詩(shī)選本，選錄了梅堯臣、歐陽(yáng)修、王安石、蘇軾、黃庭堅(jiān)五位大家的 152 首詩(shī)。本文首先梳理了朱先生的古典文學(xué)研究概況和《宋五家詩(shī)鈔》的編撰背景及目的。其次，論述《宋五家詩(shī)鈔》的選詩(shī)概況，通過(guò)舊注與新注的對(duì)校看出朱先生扎實(shí)的文獻(xiàn)學(xué)功底，而從批評(píng)材料的取舍即可看出先生在搜集和裁剪上的匠心。朱先生認(rèn)為詩(shī)雖是多義的，但并非不可解的，解詩(shī)必須用分析的方法。由文義、情感、口氣、用意來(lái)解詩(shī)，這既借助了西方

3、的 “意義學(xué)” ， 也繼承了傳統(tǒng)小學(xué)的訓(xùn)釋方法。 這需要充分利用前人的考據(jù)、批評(píng)資料， “搜尋不妨廣，取舍卻須嚴(yán)” 。 再次，在文學(xué)史的觀照下， 《宋五家詩(shī)鈔》重新審定了五古長(zhǎng)篇的價(jià)值，體現(xiàn)了宋詩(shī)由體物到議論的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，從名篇的取舍、文學(xué)集團(tuán)、唱和活動(dòng)的角度揭示了宋詩(shī)生成的歷程，體現(xiàn)了朱先生“辨體”宋詩(shī)觀。 最后， 從作為教材的宋詩(shī)選本的角度， 探討了在新舊交替時(shí)期朱先生的III The Selections from Five Poe

4、ts of Song Dynasty ABSTRACT Mr. Zhu left three teaching materials--The Selections from Fourteen Poets, The Selections from Five Poets of Song Dynasty and The Notes for Three Ancient Poetry. The selected poems from those

5、three books were all from the representative poets and poems from the pre-Qin period to the Northern Song Dynasty, the time coherence of which demonstrated his conceptions about the history of ancient poems. The Selectio

6、ns from Five Poets of Song Dynasty was the best illustrations of his favourite views of poetry--prosaic tendency. Therefore, this article focuses on The Selections from Five Poets of Song Dynasty and also gives considera

7、tions to the contemporaneous anthologies of Song poetry, discussing Mr. Zhu’s views of poetry of Song Dynasty and assessing the academic status of The Selections from Five Poets of Song Dynasty in the context of the Song

8、 poetry study in the late Qing and Republican period and the alternating of the old and the new literature. The Selections from Five Poets of Song Dynasty was the anthology of Song poetry compiled by Zhu Ziqing when he

9、 taught Song Poetry in the Southwest Associated University. This book excerpted 152 poems of five great masters--Mei Yaochen, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Su Shi. This article recalled the classical literature study of Mr