情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done的用法

1、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”的用法 的用法“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)或估計(jì)，是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)就這一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象作如下歸納：1． should (ought to) have＋過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而（實(shí)際）沒(méi)有做的事情,含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語(yǔ)氣，意為“本應(yīng)該……”；其否定形式為“should not／ought not to have ＋ 過(guò)去分詞”，表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。 Mr. Wh

2、ite _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up. （04’廣西卷）A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving[解析]本題中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞 but 暗示了“Mr. White 按道理理應(yīng)到了，而他沒(méi)有到”。故答案選[A]。2．needn’t

3、 have＋過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有必要做某事, 但實(shí)際上做了某事。As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning. (06’陜西卷)A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t [解析] He needn't have come，表示“他本沒(méi)有必要來(lái)（實(shí)際卻來(lái)了）”，根據(jù)句意，答案應(yīng)選[D]。[注意] He di

4、dn't need to come yesterday，意為“他昨天沒(méi)有必要來(lái)（實(shí)際也沒(méi)來(lái)）”。3．must have＋過(guò)去分詞用于肯定句，表示“過(guò)去一定做過(guò)某事”，表示一種很有把握的推測(cè)。[注意] 對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生情況的否定推測(cè)常用 can’t／couldn’t have ＋過(guò)去分詞。I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere . （05’北京春季）A. must dr

5、op B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped[解析]本題應(yīng)選 B。本題的前一句說(shuō)明一個(gè)結(jié)果，后一句則表示一個(gè)原因。I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05’天津卷）A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. m

6、ustn't D. needn't[解析]從題意上分析，本題的前一句陳述一個(gè)理由，后一句則是由前一句得出的結(jié)論。故本題選[b] 。4．may／might have＋過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的一種不太有把握的可能性推測(cè)，表示“過(guò)去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“過(guò)去可能還沒(méi)有做某事”。We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest marc

7、h ever made in the past ten years. (06’天津卷)A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t Key:[b]5．can／could have＋過(guò)去分詞表示“過(guò)去本來(lái)可以做某事，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑問(wèn)句表考點(diǎn)之一：在虛擬條件句中，如果表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而主句中則用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，即：w

8、ould/ could/ should/ might have done。例如：If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.高考題分析：1. If it ___ for the snow, we

9、 ___ the mountain yesterday. ( MET91)A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; couldC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb2. --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you? You __

10、_ with Barbara. (NMET98)A. could have stay B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stay3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later.( 96 上海)A. had said B. said C. mig

11、ht say D. might have said答案簡(jiǎn)析：1. 根據(jù)信息詞 yesterday 可以判斷該句是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，從句中應(yīng)該用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，故答案選 C。2. 本句是一個(gè)含蓄虛擬條件句，意思是：If you hadn’t stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表達(dá)了與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，答案選

12、 A。3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意思是：如果她參加了討論，她可能會(huì)說(shuō)出一些后來(lái)令她后悔的話。表達(dá)了與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，故答案選 D?？键c(diǎn)之二：must have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的情況的肯定推測(cè)判斷，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，意思是“一定……、肯定……”。其否定形式分別用 can’t/ couldn’t 和 can/ could。例如：It must have rained last night, for the ground