[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]交通運(yùn)輸外文翻譯--實(shí)現(xiàn)交通管理可持續(xù)性的途徑（英文）

1、 Procedia Engineering 142 ( 2016 ) 205 – 212 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (ht

2、tp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of CUTE 2016 doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.02.033 ScienceDirectSustainable Development of Civil, Urban and Trans

3、portation Engineering Conference Approaches to Achieve Sustainability in Traffic Management Manfred Boltzea, Vu Anh Tuanb,* aTechnische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 2, Darmstadt 64287, Germany bVietnames

4、e-German University, Binh Duong 820000, Vietnam Abstract Megacities over the developing world have been facing increased traffic problems, including congestions, pollutions and accidents, which strongly call for a sus

5、tainable traffic management with clearly predefined goals and objectives. This paper aims to set a framework for traffic management and ITS applications in urban areas to help address the traffic problems at regional l

6、evel. Ten potential approaches to achieve sustainability in traffic management are formulated based on international experience. It highlights the role, functions and applications of Intelligent Transport Systems in the

7、 various approaches to achieve sustainability. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of CUTE 2016. Keywords: Transport problems; sustainabilit

8、y; traffic management; intelligent transport systems 1. Introduction 1.1 Transport problems in developing countries Every country in the developing world is facing transport problems in capacity, safety, environmental c

9、ompatibility, and economic efficiency. The problems are significant for both passenger and freight transport. Vietnam does have such problems. Traffic congestions, traffic accidents, and environmental pollutions are ch

10、allenging the sustainable development of the country. In major cities like Hochiminh City and Hanoi, motorcycles are dominating transport and traffic systems [1]. Motorcycle ownership has been increasing at more than 10

11、% per year for the last two decades, so the ownership rate is currently 400 motorcycles per 1,000 people, taking the second * Corresponding author. Tel.: +84 (0)650 222 0990 (ext. 121); fax: +84 (0)650 222 0980. E-mail

12、 address: drtuan.va@vgtrc.vgu.edu.vn © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review unde

13、r responsibility of the organizing committee of CUTE 2016207Manfred Boltze and Vu Anh Tuan / Procedia Engineering 142 ( 2016 ) 205 – 212 achieve the sustainability. Chapter 4 summarizes and concludes. 2. Princip

14、les of Traffic Management Traffic management influences the supply of traffic and transport systems as well as the demand for travel and transport through a bundle of measures with an aim to optimize the positive and ne

15、gative impacts of traffic and transport [4]. As any planned activity, traffic management should follow a specific goal concept for traffic and transport. Figure 2 presents a hierarchical goal concept, including four b

16、asic upper goals: mobility needs, traffic safety, environmental protection, and economic efficiency. Usually, there are different stakeholders involving in the discussion of measures for traffic management, such as mun

17、icipality, general public, travellers, companies, urban services, and contractors. It is important to note that there is usually no difference the goals and objectives as perceived by different stakeholders, but the we

18、ight they give to each of the goals and objectives may be different, depending on their views and perspectives. Therefore, it is important to develop a common understanding of these weights for the goals and objectives

19、 in our society. Satisfaction of mobility needs – the first upper goal – means that we need to ensure the mobility for all transport demands in the coverage area. This goal might be divided into four sub goals, includi

20、ng strengthening public transport and non-motorized transport to provide more choices to the travellers, increasing the capacity of transport supply, and enhancing productivity and efficiency of transport supply [1]. I

21、mprovement of traffic safety – the second upper goal – means that we need to ensure safety for all traffic movements performed by diverse transport facilities and services. This goal can be divided into sub goals, such

22、 as reductions in number of traffic accidents and accident severity. Conversation of natural resources and reduction of environmental pollutions – the third upper goal – may include the following sub goals, namely redu

23、ction in air pollutions and noise from transport, reduction in energy use for transport, reduction in green house gas, climate protection, and reduction in urban land use for building transport infrastructures and faci

24、lities. Improvement of economic efficiency of the city and region – the fourth upper goal – can be divided into three sub goals, including reduction in total transport and logistics costs, increase in economic producti

25、vity and efficiency, and improvement in economic attractiveness of the city and region. To pursue the goals and objectives, there are mainly three strategies for managing traffic (Figure 3), Traffic Avoiding strategy c

26、omprises measures to reduce the total traffic demand in a targeted area. The number of trips per day is one of the main criteria used for evaluating the impact of this strategy. Traffic Shifting strategy includes measu

27、res to switch traffic demand between different modes, time windows, destinations, and routes. Modal split, demand distribution by time, and changes in origin-destination transport demand are main criteria used for impac

28、t evaluation. Traffic Control strategy consists of measures that aim to guide and control the movements of vehicles over time and space with an aim to improve traffic safety and efficiency. A ratio between actual traff

29、ic volume and designed capacity, average traffic speed, total vehicle delay time, frequency of traffic accidents, and accident severity are the main criteria to examine the impact of this strategy. Figure 2: A Goal Con