[雙語翻譯]照明系統(tǒng)外文翻譯--基于能源效率和用戶滿意度的智能家居照明系統(tǒng)（英文）

1、70 IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 59, No. 1, February 2013 Contributed Paper Manuscript received 01/01/13 Current version published 03/25/13 Electronic version published 03/25/13.

2、 0098 3063/13/$20.00 © 2013 IEEE Intelligent Household LED Lighting System Considering Energy Efficiency and User Satisfaction Jinsung Byun, Insung Hong, Byoungjoo Lee, and Sehyun Park, Member,

3、IEEE Abstract — Saving energy has become one of the most important issues these days. The most waste of energy is caused by the inefficient use of the consumer electronics. Particularly, a light accounts for a great p

4、art of the total energy consumption. Various light control systems are introduced in current markets, because the installed lighting systems are outdated and energy-inefficient. However, due to architectural limitati

5、ons, the existing light control systems cannot be successfully applied to home and office buildings. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent household LED lighting system considering energy efficiency and user

6、satisfaction. The proposed system utilizes multi sensors and wireless communication technology in order to control an LED light according to the user’s state and the surroundings. The proposed LED lighting system can

7、autonomously adjust the minimum light intensity value to enhance both energy efficiency and user satisfaction. We designed and implemented the proposed system in the test bed and measured total power consumption to v

8、erify the performance. The proposed LED lighting system reduces total power consumption of the test bed up to 21.9%1. Index Terms — household LED lighting system, situation awareness, minimum light intensity control,

9、 adaptive middleware. I. INTRODUCTION Energy-saving solutions have been becoming increasingly essential in recent years because of environmental issues such as climate change and global warming [1]-[4]. Environmental

10、problems are very important issues and these problems are largely caused by the excessive use of energy. A light accounts for approximately 20 percent of the world’s total energy consumption [5]; thus the related stu

11、dies of an energy efficient lighting system have been done by 1 This research was supported by the MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy), Korea, under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) support program

12、 (NIPA-2012-H0301-12-4004) supervised by the NIPA (National IT Industry Promotion Agency) and by the Human Resources Development of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded

13、 by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (20104010100570). Jinsung Byun is with the School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (e-mail: jinsung@wm.cau.ac.kr).

14、 Insung Hong is with the School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (e-mail: axlrose11421@wm.cau.ac.kr). Byoungjoo Lee is with the Aurora Design Lab, Seoul, Korea (e-mail: bjl

15、ee@auroradesignlab.com). Sehyun Park is with the School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (e-mail: shpark@cau.ac.kr). various researchers around the world [7]-[14]. The inven

16、tion of a light emitting diode (LED) is expected to significantly alleviate the energy consumption of a light, because the LED lighting device consumes 50 percent of the energy consumption compared to the fluorescent

17、 lighting device. Recently, an intelligent lighting control system using various sensors and communication modules are actively studied and developed in both university and industry [6]. The intelligent lighting cont

18、rol system can reduce energy consumption as automatically controlling the intensity of illumination through situation awareness, such as awareness of user movement or brightness of surroundings. The technical report

19、from the U.S. Department of Energy shows that about 15 percent of total energy consumption can be reduced through light control according to user's living pattern. However, since the existing lighting control

20、 systems can support only simple on/off or dimming control according to user movement or brightness of surroundings, it is hard to be applied to complex environments such as house or office. The complex environment m

21、eans that there is a variety of control requirements, because of the presence of a variety of users. Because of this limitation of existing systems, they are mostly installed in the places such as the front door or th

22、e hallway. Furthermore, since the existing systems are designed without considering user satisfaction, it is not appropriate to the places such as house and office where user satisfaction is more crucial factor than

23、cost benefits due to energy saving; thus a new intelligent lighting control system should be designed considering both energy efficiency and user satisfaction. All things considered, design goals of the new intellige

24、nt lighting control system are as follows: - The new intelligent lighting control system should be designed to maximize the utilization of an LED. - The new intelligent lighting control system should be designed to h

25、ave the communication capability. - The new intelligent lighting control system should be designed to control based on the situation awareness. - The new intelligent lighting control system should be designed to enhan

26、ce both energy efficiency and user satisfaction. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent household LED lighting system considering energy efficiency and user satisfaction. The proposed system utilizes multi sens

27、ors and wireless communication technology in order to control an LED light according to the user’s state and the surroundings. The proposed LED lighting system can autonomously adjust 72 IEEE Transactions on Consume

28、r Electronics, Vol. 59, No. 1, February 2013 Fig. 2. Comparison of the amount of energy reduction according to Lmax, Lmin, Tr, Tm, and Tf. Fig. 3. Overview of the proposed system. B. Overview of IHLS We propose an in

29、telligent household LED lighting system using various sensors and wireless communication technology. Fig. 3 shows an overview of the proposed lighting system. The main features are as follows: ? Autonomous control

30、 based on user movement ? Autonomous control based on brightness of the room ? Autonomous optimization of system control and state variables. ? Collective control using a wireless technology ? Control and sy

31、stem setting through a wireless controller and a mobile phone application The proposed system can reduce energy consumption via interaction with the information about user’s state and surroundings (e.g. brightness of

32、a room). The autonomous control could lead to disturbance to residents. Thus, the proposed system autonomously optimizes the system control and state variables, especially Lmax, Lmin, Tr, Tm, and Tf in order to enhan

33、ce both energy efficiency and user satisfaction. C. Minimum Light Intensity Control Algorithm Fig. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a minimum light intensity control algorithm that requires a signal of inconvenience and a

34、countdown timer. The signal of inconvenience is received from residents through a smart phone when they feel the brightness of the lighting with inconvenience. The countdown timer can interrupt the system after a give

35、n amount of time has expired. The proposed minimum light intensity control algorithm automatically adjusts Lmin based on the signal of inconvenience of users, which are inputted via smart phones. The value of illum

36、ination intensity of the lighting that has been felt with inconvenience at the latest is Lminincon, whereas the value of illumination intensity that has not been felt with inconvenience for a certain period of time, T

37、 at the latest is Lmincon. The initial Lmin0, and Lminincon is set to zero, and the initial Lmincon is set to Lmax. The procedures are composed of five steps. Step 1. First, check whether a signal of inconvenience ha

38、s occurred. If a signal of inconvenience has occurred, then Lminn = (Lmincon+Lminn-1)/2, Lminincon = Lminn-1, n = n + 1, and timer = T. And then check again whether a signal of inconvenience has occurred. Step 2. Che

39、ck whether a signal of inconvenience has occurred. If a signal of inconvenience has occurred, then Lminn = (Lmincon+Lminn-1)/2, Lminincon = Lminn-1, n = n + 1, and timer = T as in Step 1. If a signal of inconvenience

40、has not occurred, then check whether timer is equal to zero (i.e. the expiration of a given amount of time, T). Step 3. Check whether timer is equal to zero, if timer is equal to zero, then Lminn = (Lminincon+Lminn-1)

41、/2, Lmincon = Lminn-1, n = n + 1, and timer = T. And then, check whether Lmincon minus Lminincon is less than 5 or not. If timer is not equal to zero, check again whether a signal of inconvenience has occurred. Step

42、 4-1. After check whether Lmincon minus Lminincon is less than 5, if Lmincon minus Lminincon is less than 5, then terminate this flowchart. If Lmincon minus Lminincon is not less than 5, then perform the process of St