[雙語翻譯]網絡暴力外文翻譯—網絡欺凌具有真實后果的虛擬犯罪

1、字數：英文 字數：英文 1976 1976 單詞， 單詞，10582 10582 字符；中文 字符；中文 3430 3430 漢字 漢字出處： 出處：Rao Rao T S S, S, Bansal Bansal D, D, Chandran Chandran S. S. Cyberbullying: Cyberbullying: A virtual virtual offense offense with with real rea

2、l consequences[J]. consequences[J]. Indian Indian journal journal of of psychiatry, psychiatry, 2018, 2018, 60(1): 60(1): 3- 3-5. 5.外文文獻： 外文文獻： Cyberbullying: A virtual offense with real consequenceTechnology, as

3、 we know, is a double-edged sword, where the users are continuously balancing between the risks and opportunities it offers. It is no longer just a cliché: we really are all connected, no matter where in the world,

4、we are mere one click away from our families, co-workers, classmates, idols, mentors, neighbors, and even strangers. On one side, the Internet has made the world a much smaller place full of opportunities to thrive for p

5、eople with minimal resources along with bringing awareness to important sociopolitical movements and acting as a platform for fundraising for many noble causes; on the other side, it has exposed vulnerable people to a de

6、ep dark world of web and bullying while sitting safely in the vicinity of their homes.A popular report by a US market research company in 2015 suggests that, at the time, there were more mobile devices on the planet than

7、 people –8.6 billion devices versus 7.3 billion people. And by the end of 2018, the number of mobile devices in world will exceed 12 billion – an average of nearly 2 devices per user. This rapid rise of electronic-based

8、communication during the past decade has dramatically changed the social interactions, especially among teenagers. Adolescents are moving from using the Internet as an “extra” in everyday communication to using it as the

9、 “primary” mode of communication. This shift from face-to-face communication to online communication has created many unique and potentially harmful dynamics for anonymity to the bully and difficulty in identifying the v

10、ictim. This combined with the obvious lack of monitoring and regulation in cyberspace makes the issue more intricate and strenuous to address.On the basis of their online behavior, people can be categorized as cyber vict

11、im, cyber bully, and cyber victim/bully. The possible adverse effects of cyberbullying can be physical, psychological, or in academic performance, and these are most pronounced for the cyber bully/victim category. Higher

12、 rates of depression and anxiety are noted among cyber victims along with refusal to school and declining academic performance. These students are also found to be more prone to report headache, stomach ache, bed wetting

13、, and various other psychosomatic complaints. The type of cyberbullying tends to differ among both genders; girls are more likely to post mean comments online, while boys are more likely to post hurtful pictures or video

14、s online. As postulated by the USA-based Cyberbullying Research Centre, there are many reasons as to why dysphoric outcomes of cyberbullying are different and potentially more than traditional bullying. For example, the

15、computer-based messages are more permanent as compared to the verbal statements as they are preserved in websites, internet archives, search engine caches, and user devices; it is easier to make hurtful, embarrassing, or

16、 threatening statements on the Internet because of comparative difficulty in detecting and identifying the misbehavior and offending party, proving or verifying the act of wrongdoing, and imposing a meaningful sanction;

17、victimization through the Internet is omnipresent beyond the school, playground, or neighborhood due to the ubiquity of computers and cell phones and the “always-connected” lives that adolescents in todays’ world lead; t

18、he youth is increasingly embracing new mediums and devices of communication, and thus the number of potential victims and offenders is rapidly growing. The repercussions of virtual and seemingly not real harassment are v