外文翻譯---基于標準化的數(shù)字處理信息的plc軟件的自動生成（英文）

1、Automated PLC Software Generation Based on Standardized Digital Process Information Martin Bergert, Christian Diedrich Magdeburg University Institute of Automation Technology (IFAT) Magdeburg / Germany uni-magdeburg.ber

2、gert@daimlerchrysler.com Jens Kiefer, Thomas Bär DaimlerChrysler Research & Technology Function and Production Modeling (GR/EPF) Ulm / Germany jens.kiefer@daimlerchrysler.com Abstract In order to meet the variou

3、s challenges in the automotive industry, new and integrated methodologies for production planning and ramp-up processes are required. Thus, a concept for automated PLC software generation based on standardized digital

4、 process information is introduced with the special focus on the needs of the body shop in the automotive industry. The foundation for PLC software generation is a digital process plan that describes the production ste

5、ps in a graphical way. For the special needs of PLC software generation new process elements and attributes are introduced. So the process plan contains the stepwise specialization of all necessary information for a

6、 PLC program. This paper additionally presents a specification extending the digital process information with resource-specific PLC function blocks. 1. Introduction Due to the increasing competition for key market shar

7、es, car manufacturers are engaged in an innovation race characterized by a soaring number of product variants. In parallel, the innovation and model cycles are constantly decreased. These intensified competitive cond

8、itions inevitably lead to higher complexity both in overall production planning and in ramp-up processes. Moreover, the time for the future accomplishment of production engineering projects has been cut to the bone.

9、Today, the activities in the production planning pro-cess (mechanical design, electrical design, control engineering) are accomplished in a most sequential way. Especially the tasks of the control engineering do not b

10、egin before the mechanical design is nearly com- pleted. In addition to that there is a deep gap between mechanical design and control engineering. This phenomenon is shown especially in different working methodologie

11、s, tools, and in the use of different, department-specific terms. The results of these depart- ment-specific differences inevitably lead to loss of information, repeated manual inputs, additionally iteration loops as w

12、ell as high time pressure for the PLC project (PLC: Programmable Logic Controller). In order to cope with these challenges new planning methodologies are necessary to encourage simul- taneous engineering. As one importa

13、nt contribution, a new methodology for automated PLC software generation is introduced in this paper. To give an over- view, the paper starts with a short description of impor- tant and representative approaches regard

14、ing this topic. Based on the identified advantages and disadvantages of the existing approaches, requirements towards a new and integrated methodology for automated PLC soft- ware generation are described. After a sh

15、ort introduction of the concept of digital factory, the new methodology fulfilling the mentioned requirements is presented. The several steps from the digital process plan to an IEC 61131-3 conform PLC program are des

16、cribed. Finally, the practical applica- bility of the new methodology is shown using adapted and enhanced commercial software tools. 2. Existing approaches for automated PLC software generation In the following section

17、s different representative approaches for automated PLC software generation are presented. Moreover, the concept-specific advantages and disadvantages are worked out. 2.1. DFG project DisPa (Distributed Process Automa

18、tion) Within the research project DisPa an object-oriented methodology was developed that allows the generation of executable PLC software code based on an abstract, system-neutral model [1]. This model is developed w

19、ith an extension of the formal description language UML (UML: Unified Modeling Language) that was adapted to the special requirements of control engi- neering. By the use of UML a modular and structured model developi

20、ng is guaranteed. To support accele- rated and transparent engineering processes standardized and reusable software components are 1-4244-0826-1/07/$20.00 © 2007 IEEE 3522.6. Evaluation In the previous sections

21、different approaches for the automated PLC software generation were presented. These approaches base on different assumptions, methodologies and IT tools. Regarding a potential use in the planning process of manufactu

22、ring cells, all these approaches have their specific advantages and disadvantages which are compared in table 1. Concept Advantages Disadvantages DisPA (UML) ? Object-oriented modeling by use of UML ? Generation of

23、 ST- and SFC-code ? No integration in planning process ? Additional development of the UML-model and soft- ware-translator ? No bidirectional data exchange possible Petri Net (SIPN) ? Formal and flexible description l

24、anguage ? Automated verification of the “PLC-model” possible ? Support of PLC exchange format related to PLCopen ? No integration in planning process ? Additional development of the SIPN ? Limited PLC software generat

25、ion ? Generation of IL code only Osmers ? Integration in planning process ? Graphical (visual) PLC programming ? Additional IT tool and software translator necessary ? Generation of IL code only ? No bidirectional dat

26、a exchange possible MODALE ? Integration in planning process (Use of existing digital planning information) ? Based on commercial software tools (DPE) ? Generation of SFC-code ? Only generation of simplified and limite

27、d Sequential Function Charts ? Based on non-standardized exchange format (RDF) ? Huge manual effort for reworking Process Simulate Commis- sioning ? Integration in planning process (Use of existing digital plann

28、ing information) ? Based on commercial software tools ? Generation of SFC code ? Only generation of simplified and limited Sequential Function Charts ? No open system interfaces, only connection to STEP 7 (Siemens)

29、? No bidirectional data exchange possible Table 1. Existing approaches. Comparing the different concepts it is notable that the academic approaches all have well structured and flexible basis concepts by the use of form

30、al description languages (UML, SIPN). But for practical use they are not suitable because of the demonstrated disadvantages (additional models, specific software translators etc.). A reversed view is given by the prac

31、tical concepts. These approaches base on commercial IT planning tools, but they have problems with tool-specific inflexi- bility, open programming interfaces are missing. This leads to simplified and functional limited

32、 PLC pro- grams as well as to huge manual reworking effort for these software programs. Until now a practicable and economical solution does not exist. 3. Requirements for PLC software generation Based on the describ

33、ed disadvantages in the pre-vious section, a few requirements result towards a new concept for automated PLC software generation. These requirements refer to the methodology as well as to the used IT tools. In detail,

34、 these requirements are: ? No (little) additional afford For economy and general user acceptance it is essential that a new methodology causes as less as possible additional effort during the planning pro- cess. ? Usin

35、g existing planning results To avoid repeated manual data inputs and loss of information during the transfer of planning results from one planning tool to another one, standardized interfaces between the tools and dat

36、a exchange formats are necessary. ? Update function for process changes During ramp-up and production processes, process changes are often necessary, e.g. for the integration of new product variants. So it is essentia

37、l that these changes can be integrated in the PLC programs during the running production process. ? Generation of PLC software according to IEC 61131-3 The automatically generated PLC code has to fulfill all restricti

38、ons from the IEC 61131-3 to be portable in the different commercial PLC programming tools. ? Maintainable PLC program code It is necessary to generate PLC code in a readable and understandable format so that later cha

39、nges in the software code are possible. Therefore the graphical languages SFC or FBD (FBD: Function Block Diagram) are much more suitable than the cryptic language IL. ? Bidirectional data exchange For practical appl

40、icability of automated PLC soft- ware generation it is necessary to re-transfer changes in the PLC programs during the ramp-up and production processes in the planning tools. Only thus, the consistency of data is guar