外文翻譯---礦物填充物在聚苯乙烯熔融過程的作用

1、中文 中文 2563 字附：英文翻譯 附：英文翻譯英文原文 英文原文Effects of mineral fillers on polystyrene melt processingJ. Lou?, V. HarinathAbstractThe recycling of thermoplastics containing mineral fillers represents great technological challenges

2、in the waste management in the plastics industry. Several mineral-filled polystyrene samples were prepared and their morphological and melt processing properties were studied with respect to the processing conditions and

3、 mineral loadings. The results should provide insights that are needed to solve complex issues encountered in the industry dealing with the recycling of this important class of materials.© 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rig

4、hts reserved.Keywords: Mineral fillers; Polymer processing; Melt viscosity1. IntroductionThe compounding and inclusion of particulate fillers in the polymers is a rather complex process. The processing of these materials

5、 is strongly dependent on the particle–particle and particle–polymer interactions. In recent years considerable research efforts have been made toward more fundamental understanding of the rheological behavior of highly

6、filled polymeric material systems. While mineral fillers are widely used in thermoplastics as ways to produce cost-effective, strong, and energy efficient materials, they are the source of many problems in waste manageme

7、nt when these materials enter the waste stream after their intended end uses. The polymers are not readily broken down by the natural elements in the environment or in waste management infrastructures such as composting

8、to become a part of the biological carbon cycle of our ecosystem. This results in an irreversible buildup of these materials in the environment, causing scarring of landscapes, fouling of beaches, and a serious hazard to

9、 marine life. Since most of these plastics are not Fig. 1. Viscosity as a function of shear rate for polystyrene at various filler volume fractions at 190 ?C.in practice because there is no established ways to predict th

10、e coefficients of higher order terms. Small submicron fillers are often strongly interacting particles. However, their ability to interact should rather be defined by their surface properties with respect to the matrix c

11、hemistry [3]. When polymer–filler interaction is strong, an adsorbed polymer layer may be formed on the filler surface. In this case, at the same level of volume fraction as in non-interacting particles, the interactions

12、 will induce a much larger stress in the matrix of the composite and therefore induce a much larger reinforcing effect. This is the reason why there is a great interest in incorporating small-scale mineral particles into

13、 polymer composites such as the so-called nanocomposite. Although the causes of the maximum volume concentration remain to be debatable, this characteristic can be obtained experimentally if the processing properties exh

14、ibit discontinuous transition over the volume concentration. Various concentration regimes for the properties of polymer–mineral systems have been defined according to the volume fraction, such as dilute, semi-dilute,con

15、centrated and highly concentrated [4].In dilute suspensions, filler particles are apart from one another at sufficient distances. The filler–filler interactions can be neglected. In this case, only hydrodynamic forces gi