entertainment復習范圍138-146；英國篇

1、93zilisL dum anS SocL )Al INTRODUCTiON‘What is Leisure?British people now have more free time and holidays than they did twenty years ago. As we saw in Chapter 5, some people in work choose to do overtime (which is

2、 paid at a higher rate) rather than take advantage of having more leisure time. Generally speaking though, British people see work as something which must be done; leisure, on the other hand, is not sim

3、ply free-time, but freely chosen activities that are pursued during non-working time.The Increase in Available Leisure TimeSince the beginning of the twentieth century employed people’s non-working time has

4、increased significantly. The average working week for manual workers was reduced by about 10 hours during the twentieth century. By 2000 the average for all full-time workers was about 40 houçs per week. Non-manu

5、al workers have gained a rather shorter week, averaging about 38 hours and’women tend to work a shorter week than men.As well as having a shorter working week, people also have less weeks to work each year.? In 1961,

6、97% of full-time manual workers were entitled to two weeks holiday; by 1990,90% were entitled to more than four weeks paid holiday and 30% to five weeks. In 2000 the average paid holiday entitlement for all full-ti

7、me workers was just under five weeks.It seems likely that any further lessening of the time spent at work will come, not from a shortening of the working day or week, but from longer holidays. As well as the trend ou

8、tlined above the practice of closing factories and offices for much longer periods at Christmas and Easter has been growing.Time & MoneySince World War Two people have had more time and more money to spend o

9、n leisure activities. By 1999 British people were spending more on leisure than on either food or housing. Below is a diagram of the way time is spent in a typical weekday by an averagefamily.139A pical day1

10、2The following table shows the average time spent on each kind of activity in the UK and how it varies by sex.Time spent on main activities:’ by se.x, zooo — 2005United Kingdom Hours and minutes per dayMales Female

11、sSleepLeisure8:23 8:33Watching TV and Video/DVD 2:41 2:17Social life and entertainmentReading and listening to radio and musicHobbies and games1: 160:360:261:330:350:16SportAll leisure0:185: 170:114:52Employment and stud

12、y2Housework and childcarePersonal care3Travel4: 172: 172:071:282:424:032: 191:21Other 0:09 0:10 1 Adults aged 16 and over. 2 Includes voluntary work and meetings. 3 Includes eating, drinking, washing and dres

13、sing. Source: Time Use Survey, Office for National StatisticsAt the weekend many people do not work and traditionally Sunday has been a day of rest. Many Christians go to church and many shops are shut. Sunday lunch an

14、d Sunday newspapers are also ingredients of the traditional British Sunday. (SR)A2 LJISURI AT HOMEGenerally the greater part of most people’s leisure time is spent in the home. Before we look at the type of activitie