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簡介:山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化進程中的產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)態(tài)姓名王立平申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師臧旭恒20030306山東上學(xué)傾士學(xué)位瞼文摘要本文的目的在于對歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化進程中的產(chǎn)業(yè)整體性成長、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)成熟程度、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的國際競爭力以及產(chǎn)業(yè)高科技程度進行分析,通過這類分析可以給處于國際經(jīng)濟一體化進程中的中國的產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整以有益的啟示。我國于2001年成為|界貿(mào)易組織的正式成員國,這標志著中國將以更快的速度積極參與國際分工、國際交換和國際競爭,致力于全方位地實現(xiàn)與國際接軌,因而研究國際區(qū)域的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整運動將有助于研究中國進入新成長階段所面臨的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,并給中國的產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整以有益的政策啟示。本文主要采用實證分析方法對歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化進程中的產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整進行了研究。全文共分五部分。第一部分簡述了歐洲經(jīng)濟一一體化進程這個研究背景。第二部分為歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化進程中整體產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整模式的分析,該部分分別對國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的三次產(chǎn)業(yè)構(gòu)成及其變動以及勞動力就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)及其變動進行了實證分析。第三部分為歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化進程中整體產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整特性分析,該部分主要從產(chǎn)業(yè)整體性成長、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)成熟程度、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的國際競爭力、產(chǎn)業(yè)高科技程度這四個角度進行實證分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化進程中,在關(guān)稅同盟中期階段,成員國之間的產(chǎn)業(yè)整體性成長程度為一般密切,在關(guān)稅同盟后期階段,產(chǎn)業(yè)整體性成長程度已達到非常密切,在單一市場階段,產(chǎn)業(yè)整體性成長程度達到高度密切,這說明各國的產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整通過貿(mào)易等機制緊密聯(lián)系在一起。第四部分對制造業(yè)的調(diào)整進行了分析。該部分研究表明從信息通訊技術(shù)對經(jīng)濟的滲透程度和對經(jīng)濟增長的推動作用來看,歐盟已經(jīng)落后于美國。第五部分為中、歐產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的國際比較及其啟示。本文的創(chuàng)新之處主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾方面第一,通過橫截面數(shù)據(jù)和時間序列數(shù)據(jù)分析,得出歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化進程的深化加速了歐盟產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整的結(jié)論第二,對歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化進程中的產(chǎn)業(yè)整體性成長、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)成熟程度、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的國際競爭力的分析第三,對歐盟制造業(yè)構(gòu)成變動、貿(mào)易模式及產(chǎn)品出口分布的分析第四,引入第一、二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)偏離度和總體產(chǎn)業(yè)偏離度的概念,延伸了傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)偏離度的概念。關(guān)鍵詞歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化;產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整;實證分析盤五牢I
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上傳時間:2024-03-04
頁數(shù): 34
大?。?1.19(MB)
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簡介:廈門大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文歐元啟動后的歐洲證券市場姓名戴鋼申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)世界經(jīng)濟指導(dǎo)教師陳亞溫20020101訛漸付偵蘇L仃場第一部分債券市場一一級市場1、債券市場的總體回顧1債券供給的全面增加歐元的啟動對歐洲債券市場的影響足直接而迅速的。在歐元啟動之的,歐洲債券市場已經(jīng)有很明顯的劃際化特征。自歐元啟動以來,歐洲債券市場的國際化特征得到了進一步的加強,以歐幾標價的債券市場保持了一個持續(xù)快速的增長。比利時卻魯塞爾一朗貝爾銀行1999年12月23H發(fā)表的國際債券市場調(diào)查報告指出,1999年前11個月,歐元在國際債券市場上的發(fā)行量占困際債券市場總最的444%,而關(guān)幾債券同期發(fā)J量只占國際債券市場的434%,這是關(guān)元多年來首次在R司際債券市場上發(fā)行量居于另一種貨幣之下。,歐元債券1998年只寸世界市場發(fā)行量的35%,而同期美元債券的發(fā)行量則占L吐界市場的477%。從表1可以得出,1999年和2000年的凈發(fā)行基分別達到了5950億歐元和4850億歐元。表L歐元標價的債券發(fā)行表米償付總發(fā),丁量凈發(fā)行阜總被MFI公州政府總量MFL公“】政府總額MFL公刊衄腑麥,【乙%%%I億%%%仁%%%畎兒EX,C1999LO571536954435191346I86342342205888369534J81942L7L38392330606436105237IJ81843L733230J8406L3236LL523241517366528522L20【JNL0627736LI52393J2II4514344I74I20640836115L349441838J304632630652836L25L33732I36】I74F42】940662336】250334422037953L53L6資料柬源ECB,STAL㈨CSHTLP//WW、VCCBINTMFL包把J。EUMSYSTEM和中央銀行。MFI,公ID和政府【匕刪總和的剩余部分足趟田家機構(gòu)所發(fā)行的仙眷,外由十PU禽五入的緣艘,比例總和會L足100%。2政府債券比重下降,私人債券比重上升資料柬源海外曲忐戈,CN陶斯、偵眷市場I。小恤眈幾。城市會融論壇【JL2000年毓2期,P2
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頁數(shù): 46
大?。?1.31(MB)
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簡介:天津大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文中美史克制藥有限公司一體化供銷管理系統(tǒng)的流程設(shè)計姓名柴衛(wèi)東申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)工商管理(EMBA)指導(dǎo)教師齊二石2001121ABSTRACTINANEWECONOMYERA,INTEGRATEDSUPPLYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMBECOMESTHEKEYFORENTERPRISETOSUCCEED.LUCKILYWITHTHERAPIDPROGRESSOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY,WECANMANAGESUPPLYCHAININTHEFOLLOWINGFUNCTIONSFORECASTANALYSIS,WAREHOUSEMANAGEMENT,INVENTORYMANAGEMENT,PRODUCTIONPLANNINGPURCHASING,0RDERPROCESSING.DISTRIBUTION,CUSTOMERSERVICEANDINFORMATIONMANAGEMENT.DEVELOPINGMODERNCUSTOMERORIENTEDSUPPLYSYSTEMBECOMESASSTRATEGICCHOICETOMANYENTERPRISESINTHE21STCENTURY.WHICHALLOWSTHEENTERPRISESGETMOREMARKETSHARESWITHLOWERPRICE.WESELECTTIANJINSMITHKLINEFRENCHTSKF、LAB.LTD..APHARMACEUTICALIPINTVENTURE,TOBETHECASEFORSTUDYANDFOCUSONTHEMARKETINGCHALLENGESANDSUPPLYMANAGEMENTPROBLEMSMETBYENTERPRISESINPRODUCTIONAREA.ITINTRODUCESHOWTOINTEGRATEPROCESSINGMANAGEMENTWITHINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTANDMAKEALLTHEFUNCTIONSINSUPPLYCHAININTERFACEWITHEACHOTHERCLOSELY.THUSTOMAKEA11THEINFORMATIONANDINVENTORYMATERIALSFLOWINTHESUPPLYMANAGEMENTSYSTEM.WHENWEDESIGNTHEPROCESSMANAGEMENTSYSTEMFORTSKFSUPPLYCHAIN,F(xiàn)IRSTLY,WEDIVIDETHEWHOLESUPPLYSYSTEMFUNCTIONSINTOTWOPARTS,ONEISSUPPLYSIDE.ANDTHEOTHERONEISDEMANDSIDE.THENCLARIFYRELATEDROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIES.BASEDONTHEBUSINESSREQUIREMENT,WEDEFINEFIVEPROCESSESINTHEWHOLESUPPLYSYSTEM.THEYAREFORECASTDEMAND.PLANANDMANAGEJNVENTORY,ORDERPROCESSING,PLANPRODUCTIONANDMOVEPRODUCT.THEPROCESSMANAGEMENTSYSTEMWASDIRECTEDBYRELATEDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTPOLICIES,ANDSUPPORTEDBYDIFFERENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMS.THEPERFORMANCEOFWHOLESUPPLYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMWILLBEEVALUATEDBYKEYPERFORMANCEINDICATORSRKPIS.THEINTEGRATEDSUPPLYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMCANGREATLYIMPROVETHESYSTEM’SPERFORMANCEEFFECTIVENESSANDCUSTOMERSERVICELEVEL,CUTDOWNTHEPRODUCTIONCOSTANDBUILDUPASTRONGCORNERSTONEFORCORECOMPETITIVENESS.KEYWORDSINTEGRATEDSUPPLYPROCESSMANAGEMENT,INFORMATIONMANAGEMENT,PERFORMANCEEVALUATION
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上傳時間:2024-03-04
頁數(shù): 78
大?。?1.64(MB)
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簡介:大連理工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文歐洲聯(lián)合電氣公司案例姓名屈巖松申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)工商管理指導(dǎo)教師李弘20020601ABSTRACTWITHTHEFORMATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEECONOMICGLOBALISATIONCHINAECONOMY,THEMAINPARTOFTHEWORLD,ISBEINGCONCENTRATEDANDFOCUSEDMOREANDMOREBEINGASTHEMEDIUMOFTHEWORLDECONOMY,MANYTRANSNATIONALCORPORATIONSTNCENTEREDGRADUALLYINTOCHINAMARKETRECENTLY,WITHROOTING,DEVELOPINGANDBOOMINGSOMEOFTHEMARESUCCESSFULBUTSOMEAREFAILEDTHECASEISLOCATINGONEEUROPEANTNCEUROPEANUNITEDELECTRICALCOMPANYINCHINABASEDONTHEWRITER’SWORKINGEXPERIENCESINTHISCOMPANYTODESCRIBEANDANALYSETHEPROBLEMSTHATTHECOMPANYISFACINGINTHEMARKETDEVELOPMENTTHESEPROB/EMSARECOMMONTOMANYFOREIGNCOMPANIESFORSOMETNCSFROMEUROPEANDAMERICAESPECIALLY,ALTHOUGHTHEYHAVEMUCHSUCCESSINOTHERCOUNTRIESAROUNDTHEWORLD,THEYWILLFACEMANYNEWQUESTIONSWHENTHEYENTERINTOCHINAMARKETWITHTHEBIGDIFFERENTCHARACTERSHOWTOMAKETHESTRATEGYANDACTIONPLANMEETINGTHECHINESEACTUALCONDITIONISONEIMPORTANTISSUEFORTHECOMPANYDECISIONMAKERSTHEARTICLEISDIVIDEDINTOTWOPARTS,WHICHTHEFIRSTPARTISTHECASEBODYANDTHESECONDISTHEANMYMSANDINSTRUCTIONINPARTONE,THEDETAILEDDESCRIPTIONABOUTTHECOMPANY’SINTERNALCONDITIONANDEXTERNALENVIRONMENTISSAIDANDSOMEKINDSOFPROBLEMSFACINGATPRESENTARELISTEDUNDERTHECOMPANYINTERNALREORGANISATIONANDNEGATIVESITUATIONINCHINESEMARKETSHAREPARTTWAISESTHEQUESTIONSFORTHESTUDENTSTOINCREASETHEMTHEKNOWLEDGEANDUNDERSTANDINGFORTNC’SMRMINGANDMANAGEMENTPROMOTETHEMTHEABILITIESINANALYSISANDSOLUTIONTOTHEACTUALTROUBLESWHENTHEYWOULDMEETINTHEIRFUTUREWORKFURTHERMORESOMETECHNICALBACKGROUNDINFORMATIONSUCHASTNC’SGENERALSTRATEGIESANDMOTIVATIONINCHINAAREPROVIDEDKEYWORDSCASETRANSNATIONALCORPORATIONMARKETORGANISATION
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上傳時間:2024-03-03
頁數(shù): 37
大?。?1.3(MB)
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簡介:中國海洋大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文新中國會計核算制度改革變遷史姓名李玲申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)會計學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師張世興20030801新中㈨會計核算制艘改牛變遷史THEHISTORYOFACCOL;NTINGSYSTEMINNOVATIONINOHIRLAABSTRACTFIRSTLYTHISTHESISTRIESTODESCRIBETHEFORMATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFACCOUNTINGSYSTEMACCORDINGTOTHEORDEROFTIMEANDEXPLORETHEREASONOFACCOUNTINGSYSTEMILLCHINABYINDUCTIVEMETHOD,ATTHESAMETIME,SUMMARIZEITSEXPERIENCEOFSUCCESSANDFAILUREBASINGONTHIS,THISTHESISTRIESTOFORECASTTHEFUTUREOFACCOUNTINGSYSTEMINNOVATIONINCHINABYDEDUCTIONTHEDIFFERENTECONOMICSYSTEMALWAYSDEMANDSTHEPROPERTOITSELFACCOUNTINGPATTERN,THATITTOSAY,CALLSFORDIFFERENTACCOUNTINGSYSTEMSERVINGFORITTHISTHESISEXPLORESTHEREASONANDEFFECTOFACCOUNTINGSYSTEMINNOVATIONINCHINAFROMTHEESTABLISHMENTOFCHINATONOWPARTICULARLYATPRESENTTHEECONOMICSYSTEMOFCHINAISINTRANSITIONWITHASSOCIATIONSTRENGTHENINGINCREASINGLYOFINTERNATIONALECONOMY,ANYCOUNTRYCANNOTAVOIDTHEPROBLEMTHATGLOBALIZATIONOFCAPITALMARKETANDINTERNATIONALIZATIONOFACCOUNTINGSTANDARDBECAUSECHINAHASALREADYJOINEDWTO,ASONEOFWORLDECONOMICORGANIZATIONMEMBERS,WEMUSTDEALWITHALLTHINGSBYMEANSOFWORLDSIGHTSOIPREDICTTHATACCOUNTINGSYSTEMINNOVATIONWOULDDEVELOPMENTTOWARDSTOINTERNATIONALIZATIONKEYWORDSACCOUNTINGSYSTEMINNOVATIONINNOVATIONREASONEFFECTANALYSISFUTURETENDENCY
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上傳時間:2024-03-04
頁數(shù): 61
大小: 2.38(MB)
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簡介:復(fù)旦大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文通貨區(qū)理論和歐洲貨幣聯(lián)盟的東擴姓名呂瑜剛申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)世界經(jīng)濟指導(dǎo)教師尹翔碩20040510望堡匿壟鯊塑墮劌堡至壁望盟壅芏』I魚墜ABSTRACTTHESIXTHENLARGEMENTOFEUROPEUNIONWASREALIZEDATMAY1“2004THEACCESSIONOFSEVERALCENTRALANDEASTERNEUROPEANCOUNTRIESTOEMUISLIKELYTOBEREALIZEDWITHINTHENEXTYEARSITISANCANDIDATESAREBETTERORWORSESUITABLEPARTICIPANTSIMPORTANTISSUETOASSESSWHETHERTHESEFOREMUMEMBERSHIPTHANTHECURRENTTHETHEORYOFOPTIMUMCURRENCYAREASPROVIDESSEVERALCRITERIAFORANALYZINGAPROSPECTIVEMONETARYUNIONWHENRESEARCHINGTHEMONETARYUNION,WEALSOANALYZETHEECONOMICSHOCKSTHROUGHVECTORAUTOREGRESSIONSMODELTHISPAPERANALYZESTHEEASTERNENLARGEMENTOFEMUTHROUGHBOTHOFTHEAPPROACHESINTHEPRESENTPAPERWEEMPLOYMETHODOLOGIESDEVELOPEDWITHREGARDTOTHETHEORYOFOPTIMUMCURRENCYAREASINTHECONTEXTOFPRESENTEMUANDUSEAVARAPPROACHTOIDENTIFYECONOMICSHOCKSTHATHITTHEEUROASPIRANTSINTHEPASTCORRELATIONSOFTHESESHOCKSWITHTHOSEOFCURRENTEMUCOUNTRIESDOSHEDLIGHTONTHEQUESTIONWHETHERACOMMONMONETARYPOLICYMAYBESUITABLEORNOTTHECONCLUSIONOFTHISPAPERISTHATTHECANDIDATESALENOTSUITABLETOJOINEMUDIRECTLYAFTERTHEYJOINEUSEVERALCOUNTRIESCOULDJOINEMUAFTERTWOYEARS’INTERIMLIKESLOVENIAHUNGRYANDCZECHREPUBLICOTHERSSHOULDPROLONGTHEINTERIMTODEVELOPECONOMICSTHROUGHPOLICYFLEXIBILITYINADDITION,TEALIZETHEPROSPECTIVEOFEASTERNENLARGEMENT,THEECU’SORGANIZATIONSYSTEMSHOULDREFORMBASEDONTHEEFFICIENCYASSOONASPOSSIBLEKEYWORDSOCA,EMU,EASTERNENLARGEMENT,SHOCKANALYSIS,VARMODELCLASSIFIEDNOF8203
下載積分: 5 賞幣
上傳時間:2024-03-03
頁數(shù): 53
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簡介:北京交通大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文從方正科技的并購史看中國上市公司并購的發(fā)展姓名黨小博申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)工商管理指導(dǎo)教師張秋生20040201北京交通大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEFOUNDERTECHNOLOGYISVERYREPRESENTATIVEINTHESECURITIESMARKETOFCHINATHEFOUNDERTECHNOLOGYWENTTHROUGHTHEENTIREPROCESSOFCHINESESECURITIESMARKETSCREATIONANDDEVELOPMENTWECANSAYTHEHISTORYOFITSMADEVELOPMENTISANEPITOMEOFCHINESELISTINGCOMPANIESATFIRSTTHETHESISEXHIBITSTHEEVERYONE“CAPITALSTORIES“VIAASERIESOF袱AEVENTSOFTHEANFRACTUOSITYRETROSPECTWHICHWASJOINTEDBEIJINGBYTHEFOUNDERTECHNOLOGYINCLUDING“BOOYONSTORM“UNIVERSITYMERGERYANZHONGCORPORATIONYUXINGANDGAOQINGMERGERFOUNDERTECHNOLOGYETCSECONDLYDESCRIBEANDANALYZETHEEVENTSTHROUGHPERFORMANCESECONOMYLAWENVIRONMENTCAPITALMARKETANDOTHERPOINTSOFVIEWTHEMAINCONTENTSOFTHEANALYSISAREMERGERANDANTIMERGEROFTHEFOUNDERTECHNOLOGYINFORMATIONPROCLAMATIONANDRELEVANTJURISTICPROBLEMSTHEJURISTICPROTECTIONOFTHEMEDIUMANDSMALLINVESTORSTHEFATHERINGOFLISTINGCOMPANIESANDTHEMETHODSOFTHEMERGERETC,ANATOMIZETHESERIESPROBLEMSOFTHEPROCESSWHILEEVALUATINGITSCONTRIBUTIONFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINESEMATHIRDLYBASEDONTHEEVENTSANALYZETHEDEVELOPMENTANDRELEVANTOFCHINESELISTINGCOMPANIESMAGIVESOMEADVICESFORIMPROVINGINFORMATIONPROCLAMATIONANDTHEFATHERINGOFLISTINGCOMPANIESPROTECTINGMEDIUMANDSMALLINVESTORSMERGERANDANTIMERGERANDALSOMENTIONSOMEOFTHEDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESEXPERIENCESWHICHAREWORTHTOBEUSEDFORREFERENCEINTHEENDPROSPECTTHEMAOFCHINESELISTINGCOMPANIESKEYWORDSFOUNDERTECHNOLOGYLISTINGCOMPANYDEVELOPMENTOFMA
下載積分: 5 賞幣
上傳時間:2024-03-03
頁數(shù): 46
大?。?1.64(MB)
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簡介:復(fù)旦大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文歐洲貨幣聯(lián)盟離最優(yōu)通貨區(qū)域有多遠姓名金鳴宏申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)金融學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師鄒根寶20040427ABSTRACTTHERECENTECONOMICDEVELOPMENTSINTHEEUROAREAHAVEREVIVEDMUCHACADEMICINTERESTINTHEEUROPEANMONETARYUNIONEMUPROJECTTHISISPARTICULAREVIDENTWHENGERMANYANDFRANCETHETWOMOSTIMPORTANTPARTICIPANTSOFTHEEMUBOTHIN2002OVERSHOTTHEDEFICITCEILINGSIMPOSEDBYSTABILITYANDGROWTHPACTONEOFTHEFOUNDINGPILLARSOFTHEEMUTHEULTIMATEFATEOFTHEEMUONCEAGAINBEGANTOATRACTTHEATENTIONOFECONOMISTSASWELLASPOLITICALSCIENTISTSBASINGONSTUDIESBYEMUSCHOLARSIINVESTIGATETHECURRENTOPTIMALITYOFTHEEMUBYAPPLYINGOPTIMUMCURRENCYAREAOCATHEORIESPIONEEREDBYMUNDELLANDCOMPLEMENTEDBYSOMEOTHERSTHEINVESTIGATIONSHOWSTHATTHEEMUISNEITHERAFATALLYFLAWEDCURRENCYAREATHATISBOUNDTOCOLLAPSENORANOCATHATPERFECTLYCONFORMSTOOCACRITERIADUETOTHEDIFFERENCESINBUSINESSCYCLESANDECONOMICSTRUCTURESAMONGTHEEMUMEMBERSTATESASYMMETRICSHOCKSDOEXISTANDWILLPERSISTINTHEEUROZONEALTHOUGHTHEPROBLEMAPPEARSLESSSERIOUSTHANWIDELYBELIEVEDTOBEADJUSTMENTMECHANISMSTOASYMMETRICSHOCKSINTHEEUROLANDAREINADEQUATEASCOMPAREDWITHOTHERMODELOCASBUTNEVERTHELESSEXISTENTTHEYCANPROVIDESOMERELIEFTOTHESHOCKSIFACOUNTRYISHITASYMMETRICALLYITHUSDEFINETHEEMUASASUBOPTIMALCURRENCYAREAITISNOTPERFECTBUTITCANFUNCTIONWELLTHEEMUCOULDINTIMEHELPMEMBERSTATESACHIEVEGREATERSYNCHRONICITYOFBUSINESSCYCLESANDGREATERSIMILARITIESINECONOMICSTRUCTURESTHISCOULDMAKEASYMMETRICPROBLEMSLESSFREQUENTANDLESSSERIOUSINFUTURETHEEMUTHUSMAKINGADJUSTMENTMECHANISMSLESSADEMANDINGFACTORINEVALUATINGTHEOPTIMALITYOFTHEEMUTHEEMUISASMUCHAPOLITICALCREATUREASITISANECONOMICONETHEFUTUREFATEOFTHEEMUWILLINEVITABLYDEPENDONTHEOUTCOMESOFPOLITICALINTEGRATIONNEOFUNCTIONALISTLOGICDEMONSTRATESTHATECONOMICINTEGRATIONBYITSNATUREISBOUNDTOGENERATEPOLITICAL“SPILLOVERS“THATCOULDBETRANSLATEDINTOTHESTRONGPOLITICALWILLOFTHEEULEADERSWHICHINTURNISLIKELYTOCORRECTTHEINSTITUTIONALDEFICIENCIESINTHEEMUTHECHANGEOFTHISKINDISLIKELYTOMAKEADJUSTMENTMECHANISMSMOREEFFECTIVESHOCKABSORBERSINTHELONGRUNTHEEMUCOULDWELLEVOLVEINTOANOPTIMUMCURRENCYAREAINTHEFUTURETHECONCLUSIONISOBVIOUSALTHOUGHTHEEMUISNOTYETANOCAFORTHETIMEBEINGTHEDESTINATIONISPROBABLYNOLONGERTOOFARAWAYKEYWORDEUROPEANMONETARYUNIONEMUOPTIMUMCURRENCYAREAOCACLASSIFIEDINDEXNUMBERF8251
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簡介:對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文歐洲一體化進程對西班牙經(jīng)濟的影響姓名徐瓊申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)西班牙語指導(dǎo)教師趙雪梅20040401部貿(mào)易中的份額,尤其是提高TN成品的出13份額,這表明西班牙出口商品的結(jié)構(gòu)有所改善,企業(yè)的國際競爭力得到加強。西班牙的總體經(jīng)濟實力進一步增強,人均國民收入增加,居民生活水平得到進一步提高。但是,隨著統(tǒng)~大市場的建立和深化,西班牙在吸引區(qū)域內(nèi)外跨國投資中所占的份額都出現(xiàn)了不同程度的下降,這一現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)有多重原因。歐洲貨幣聯(lián)盟的建設(shè),從最初構(gòu)想到成為現(xiàn)實,經(jīng)歷了30多年的漫長歲月。西班牙在1989年加入歐洲貨幣體系的匯率機制,在19921993年危機中,西班牙比塞塔在國際投機者的攻擊下一直保持在匯率機制里,充分表明了西班牙政府要求建立歐洲貨幣聯(lián)盟的堅定決心。1991年通過的馬斯特里赫特條約確定了參加貨幣聯(lián)盟的成員國必須滿足的四個經(jīng)濟“趨同標準”。西班牙政府通過卓有成效的努力,在短短幾年時間里,幾乎達到了馬約規(guī)定的所有趨同標準,搭上了歐洲貨幣聯(lián)盟的“頭班車”。西班牙成為歐元區(qū)創(chuàng)始國以來,一直嚴格遵守預(yù)算紀律,是歐元區(qū)內(nèi)執(zhí)行歐盟穩(wěn)定與增長公約情況較好的一個國家。歐元的正式流通,具有重大歷史意義,對歐元區(qū)成員國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展有顯而易見的促進作用。從宏觀層次來說,歐元啟動對抑制通貨膨脹、穩(wěn)定物價起到了積極作用歐元啟動可以帶來更加穩(wěn)健的政府財政;能夠促進經(jīng)濟增長歐元增強了西班牙抵御外部金融動蕩和沖擊的能力,使歐元國之間的貿(mào)易和泛歐資本市場免除了貨幣匯率波動的影響;歐元啟動還可以減少各成員國的外匯儲備。從微觀層次來說,歐元的啟動消除了西班牙企業(yè)的直接和間接的交易成本和信息成本,大大降低了企業(yè)的匯率風險;歐元的出臺深化了歐洲統(tǒng)一大市場,加劇了大市場內(nèi)部企業(yè)之間的競爭,增進了西班牙企業(yè)的經(jīng),濟效益西班牙國民借助歐元在區(qū)內(nèi)流動往來、務(wù)工、經(jīng)商、旅游更為密切,更加便捷∥統(tǒng)一貨幣最主要的代價就是成員國失去貨幣政策的獨立性,使利率失去在本國宏觀經(jīng)濟調(diào)節(jié)中的作用,而且成員國也不能再把匯率和匯率政策作為經(jīng)濟調(diào)節(jié)工具。但是,從長遠來看,成員國可以從貨幣聯(lián)盟中獲得實惠。F在歐盟諸國中,西班牙地域廣闊,在加入歐盟之前就一直存在著地區(qū)發(fā)展嚴重不平衡黼題。在成立之初,歐盟就認識到地區(qū)間發(fā)展的不平衡可能會威脅到歐洲一體化的進程,為此歐盟采取了各項措施,并最終形成了歐盟區(qū)域政策。歐盟區(qū)域政策主要是通過結(jié)構(gòu)基金和團結(jié)基金來實施的,其資金都來源于歐盟的財政預(yù)算。西班牙是團結(jié)基金的最大受益國,國內(nèi)許多關(guān)于環(huán)境建設(shè)和交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的項目都得到了團結(jié)基金的大力資助,使西班牙的欠發(fā)達地區(qū)受益匪淺,大大促進了南部落后地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。西班牙是結(jié)構(gòu)基金的最大受益國之一。歐盟結(jié)構(gòu)政策在西班牙經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的變化中發(fā)揮著積極的作用。結(jié)構(gòu)援助推動了西班牙的經(jīng)濟增長,大大縮小了其人均GDP與歐盟15國平均水平的差距。歐盟區(qū)域政策在西班牙的實踐取得了明顯成效,縮小了西班牙與發(fā)達盟國之間的差距。盡管歐盟的東擴戰(zhàn)略既是出于地緣政治的長遠考慮,又是經(jīng)濟利益權(quán)衡的必然結(jié)果,但是東擴后歐盟內(nèi)部的社會和經(jīng)濟差距將擴大,其直接后果就是加重歐盟的財政負擔,并使原有的財政拮據(jù)和基金分配的矛盾進一步加劇。西班牙在結(jié)構(gòu)基金和團結(jié)基金方面可能是因歐盟東擴而造成利益損失最大的國冢。西班牙將減收它從歐盟財政J虱算里兩班牙在收獲歐洲一體化帶來的經(jīng)濟利益的同時,也為此付出了一定的成本面臨
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頁數(shù): 42
大?。?1.93(MB)
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簡介:中圈分類號密級單位代號11903學(xué)號02721228上洛大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文SHANGHALUNIVERSLTY題新中國廣告經(jīng)濟研多目多元化解讀作者學(xué)科專業(yè)導(dǎo)師IS劉雪梅廣播電視藝術(shù)學(xué)金冠軍完成13期2005年5月上海大學(xué)文學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ADISSENATIONSUBMITTEDT0SHANGHAIUNIVERSITYFORTHEDEGREEOFMASTERINARTS濟研究整合。對CI和CS的研究經(jīng)歷了“積極引進”和“冷靜思考”兩個階段。而對品牌的研究,則經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略研究,品牌管理研究等階段。此兩者的發(fā)展推動了整合營銷思想作為一種更深入地營銷理論的全面介入和推廣。廣告在我國的發(fā)展一直受制于體制的制約,這種中國特色給廣‘告經(jīng)濟研究也打上了特殊印記。中國廣告經(jīng)濟研究者們通過其研究成果影響和推動中國廣告體制改革進程。其中,“對傳統(tǒng)廣告經(jīng)營體制的反思”和“對廣告代理制的探討”兩種思想交叉存在,相輔相成。這些研究成果,都推動了廣告經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。廣告公司一直是廣告活動的直接運作者,廣告公司的發(fā)展隨著廣告經(jīng)濟發(fā)展而發(fā)展,對廣告公司的研究也是廣告經(jīng)濟研究中重要的一部分。未來具有競爭力的廣告公司只有兩種一種是大的,一種是小的。以史為鑒,可以明得失。新中國廣告經(jīng)濟以如此短暫之時間,如此迅猛之速度,取得如此豐厚之成果,其間的經(jīng)驗與得失,值得研究與總結(jié)。關(guān)鍵詞廣告經(jīng)濟研究、多元化解讀、體制改革、整合營銷II
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頁數(shù): 69
大?。?2.47(MB)
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簡介:Y770929梗旦大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文學(xué)校代碼學(xué)號歐元時代的歐洲金融市場結(jié)構(gòu)重組與制度創(chuàng)新院系經(jīng)濟學(xué)院專業(yè)姓名指導(dǎo)教師完成日期世界經(jīng)濟顧穎戴炳然教授2005年5月16日疑瓣祖10246022015074歐元時代的歐洲金融市場結(jié)構(gòu)重組與制度創(chuàng)新ABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESEMSANOVERVIEWOFTHEIMPACTOFSINGLECURRENCYPOLICYONEUROPE’SFINANCIALMARKETSAFTERTHEINTRODUCFIONOFTHEEUROITANALYSESTHEROLEOFEUROINORIGINATINGORCATALYZINGNEWCROSSBOARDFINANCIALTRANSACTIONSFROMBOTHTHELEVELOFMICROSTRUCTUREANDINSTITUTIONALENVIRONMENTOFENTIREEUROAREAANDTRIESTOATTRIBUTEALLOFTHESENEWCHANGESTOTHECOOPERATIONANDINSTITUTIONALINNOVATIONSBASEDONTHEFOUNDATIONOFNATIONALMARKETSUNDEREXTEMALCOMPETITIONPRESSUREANDINTEMALDRIVENFORCESFORHIGHLYINTEGRATEDPANEUROPEANFINANCIALMARKETS,PARTITIONANDCROSSBOARDTRANSACTIONBARRIERSEXISTINGAMONGEMUMEMBERMARKETSHAVEBEENBROKENEVIDENTLY,WHICHTOSOMEEXTENTIMPROVEMARKETDEEPNESSANDLIQUIDITY,REMARKABLYBOOSTCROSSBOARDFINANCINGANDINVESTMENTACTIVITIESTHEFINANCIALINSTITUTESOFEUROAREAHAVEBEENWALKINGOUTOFNARROWNATIONALSEGMENTATIONANDEXPANDINGTHEIRBUSINESSINPANEUROPEFINANCIALMARKETSTOSTRENGTHENCORECOMPETENCIESANDALLOCATERISKSINVESTORSINEUROPEALSOBEGINTOADJUSTTHEIRPANEUROPEINVESTMENTSTRATEGIESANDBUILDNEWASSETPORTFOLIOWEALSOOBSERVETHATACTUALLYTHEEUROPERFORMSUNEVENACROSSTHESPECTRUMOFFINANCIALMARKETSTHEINTRODUCTIONOFTHEEUROHASALSOHIGHLIGHTEDTHESHORTCOMINGSOFEXISTINGINSTITUTIONALSTRUCTURESANDAREASWHEREEXCESSIVEFOCUSONNARROWLYDEFINEDINTERESTSMAYSTANDINTHEWAYOFREALIZINGTHEFULLPOTENTIALBENEFITSFROMTHENEWENVIRONMENTDIVERGINGLEGALANDINSTITUTIONALINFRASTRUCTURESANDMARKETPRACTICESCANIMPEDEFURTHERFINANCIALMARKETDEVELOPMENTANDDEEPENINGHENCE,AMOREHARMONIZEDFINANCIALENVIRONMENTDEPENDSONTHEPREMIUMONCOOPERATIONBETWEENNATIONAIAUTHORIFLESANDINSTITUTIONKEYWORDSEUROPEANFINANCIALMARKETS,RECONSTRUCTING,INSTITUTIONALINNOVATIONSCODENUMBERF83152
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上傳時間:2024-03-04
頁數(shù): 51
大?。?1.97(MB)
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簡介:南開大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文同等學(xué)力人員甲請碩士學(xué)位用研冗萬向亙匪區(qū)堡經(jīng)渣盒佳論文題目匭捌貨亟瑟望的籃屋完成日期29QI至2旦22旦二00五年二月二十二ETABSTRACTTHEEUROPEANECONOMICANDMONETARYUNIONHASGONETHROUGH30YEARSOFCREATIONFROMTHEPROMULGATIONOF“WEMERREPORT”IN1969TOTHEOPERATIONOFEUROSASPAPERCURRENCYASWELLASELECTRONICCURRENCYONJANUARYL,1999DURINGTHISPERIOD,THEINTEGRATIONOFECONOMICANDMONETARYSYSTEMINEUROPEHASBEENSMOOTHLYMOVEDFORWARDTHEFORMALOPERATIONOFEUROCODDBEDEEMEDASTHENATURALRESULTOFEUROPEANECONOMICINTEGRATIONITISTHEFUTUREHOPEOFEUTHATTHEINTEGRATIONOFEUROPEANECONOMICANDMONETARYINTEGRATIONBEFURTHERSTRENGTHENEDASTHEUNIFORMEDCURRENCYOFEUROPEANMONETARYUNION,THECREATIONOFEUROSHOULDBEDEEMEDASTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTEVENTINTHEFIELDOFINTERNATIONALFINANCEATTHEENDOF20MCENTURYITWOULDNODOUBTHAVEDEEPIMPACTONEUROPEANDONWORLDPOLITICS,ECONOMYANDFINANCEMEANWHILE,、VITHTHEOPERATIONOFEURO,PEOPLEPUTCONCERNONNUMEROUSISSUES,F(xiàn)OREXAMPLE,HOWTOCARRYOUTUNIFORMMONETARYPOLICYINEUROREGIONHOWTOCOORDINATEINDEPENDENTFISCALPOLICYINMEMBERSTATESCOULDEUROKEEPTHESTABLECURRENCYVALUEWHATWOULDTHEUNIFIEDCURRENCYBRINGTOTHEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTOFMEMBERSTATESANDTOTHEINTERNATIONALFINANCIALSYSTEMREFORMWHATARETHEFUTUREANDTHEPOTENTIALRISKSOFTHEMONETARYUNIONTHETHESISCONSISTSOFFIVECHAPTERSCHAPTER1FOCUSESONTHEHISTORICALDEVELOPMENTOFTHEINTEGRATIONOFEUROPEANCURRENCYANDTHECREATIONPROCESSOFEUROPEANMONETARYUNIONCHAPTER2MAKESINTENSIVESTUDYONTHELOWINFLATIONMONETARYPOLICYTHESTABLEFISCALPOLICYANDITSSPECIFICOPERATIONPROMOTEDBYEUROPEANMONETARYUNIONCHAPTER3MAKESANALYSISONTHEINFLUENCEOFEUROPEANMONETARYUNIONONTHEINTEGRATIONOFEUROPEANECONOMYASWELLASONTHEECONOMYOFMEMBERSTATESANDEUCHAPTER4ELABORATESONTHESIGNIFICANCEOFEUROPEANMONETARYUNIONTOTHEREFORMOFINTERNATIONALRESERVATIONSYSTEM,INTERNATIONALEXCHANGERATESYSTEMANDINTERNATIONALCURRENCYSYSTEMCHAPTER5PROVIDESANALYSISONUNSTABLEELEMENTSANDPOTENTIALFRACTIONFORMSINSIDEEUROPEANMONETARYUNIONKEYWORDSEUROPEANMONETARYUNION,PROCESSOFDEVELOPMENTINFLUENCEANALYSIS
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頁數(shù): 40
大?。?1.84(MB)
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簡介:Y772071後里大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位淪文學(xué)校代碼11246學(xué)吼022D15266歐洲中央銀行貨幣政策運行機制研究院系專業(yè)姓名指導(dǎo)教師完成日期經(jīng)濟學(xué)院金融學(xué)朱毅胡榮花副教授2005年5月12目一、問題的提出第一章導(dǎo)論貨幣政策是貨幣當局或中央銀行為了實現(xiàn)宏觀經(jīng)濟調(diào)控目標而采用各種方式調(diào)節(jié)貨幣供應(yīng)量進而影響宏觀經(jīng)濟的方針和措施的總稱。貨幣當局或中央銀行運用各種政策手段,憑借其所擁有的貨幣發(fā)行權(quán)和對全國金融機構(gòu)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理權(quán),組織貨幣政策的實施,以達到穩(wěn)定幣值和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的目的。貨幣政策影響制約著信貸政策、利率政策、匯率政策、黃金政策等。它的變化會引起價格水平、資本流量與流向、經(jīng)濟增長速度,乃至整個社會經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。一般而言,貨幣政策工具由公開市場業(yè)務(wù)、調(diào)整貼現(xiàn)率、改變法定準備金率以及道義上的勸告等措施。這些貨幣政策工具作用的直接目標是通過控制商業(yè)銀行的存款準備會,影響利率與國民收入,試圖實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定物價,促進國民經(jīng)濟增長,實現(xiàn)就業(yè)目標以及平衡國際收支四大目標。貨幣政策分為擴張性的貨幣政策和緊縮性的貨幣政策兩種。擴張性的貨幣政策是通過提高貨幣供應(yīng)增長來刺激總需求。在這種政策下,取得信貸更為容易,利率會降低,因此,當總需求與經(jīng)濟的生產(chǎn)能力相比很低時,使用擴張性的貨幣政策最為合適。緊縮性的貨幣政策是通過削減貨幣供應(yīng)的增長率來降低總需求水平,在這種政策下,取得信貸較為困難,利率也隨之提高。因此,在通貨膨脹比較嚴重時,采取緊縮性的貨幣政策較為合適。歐洲中央銀行是根據(jù)馬斯特里赫特條約以下簡稱馬約規(guī)定于1998年7月1日起正式運作的,它為歐元區(qū)所有國家制定統(tǒng)一的貨幣政策。歐洲中央銀行作為一個典型的超國家機構(gòu),與傳統(tǒng)意義上的各國中央銀行相比有羞本質(zhì)上的區(qū)別。從歐元誕生到相關(guān)貨幣政策制定,歐洲中央銀行在制度創(chuàng)建、行為規(guī)范等方面做了大量的工作,全面負責歐元區(qū)成員國執(zhí)行共同和統(tǒng)一的貨幣政策。但由于歐元的推出時間尚短,有一些相關(guān)的制度建設(shè)尚在進行之中,各國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀況有一定差距,且財政政策的協(xié)調(diào)也有待加強。歐元因其地位的特殊性,使它不僅成為歐元區(qū)的貨幣,而且也成為世界各國的主要外匯儲備,其在國際金融市場上的匯價波動不僅牽涉到歐洲中央銀行貨幣政策,也影響著世界各國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。歐洲中央銀行作為一個執(zhí)行統(tǒng)一貨幣政策的機構(gòu),在穩(wěn)定區(qū)內(nèi)物價的同時,還面臨著歐元幣值穩(wěn)定的任務(wù)??梢?,歐洲中央銀行作為一個跨國家的中央銀行,本身不僅是歐洲一體化進程中的一個重要組成部門,而且它的諸多方方面面在世界經(jīng)濟發(fā)展歷史上都值得我們關(guān)注。在理論研究方面,目前的研究往往僅就歐洲中央銀行構(gòu)建及組織運作模式、6
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簡介:隧1NZ585理⑧天串大薯碩士學(xué)位論文一H■R一■■踵爿薯翻_ILIN■●LI學(xué)科專業(yè)工裔管理作者姓名攣淑力指導(dǎo)教師朱秀文教授工甚魯_當工Ⅱ奠≈卜卜盯白2005年12月ABSTRACTTIANJINSMITHKLINEFRENCHQCLABGIVEAEXAMPLEOFTABLETASSAYMEASUREMENTSYMEMANALYSISANDIMPROVEMENT,PROVIDEAREFERENCEFORCURRENTENTERPRISEQUALITYCONTROLTOSCIENTIFICANALYSISMEASUREMENTSYSTEMITDESCRIBESTHEPRINCIPLEOFMEASUREMENTSYSTEMANALYSISINTHISARTICLE,THEPURPOSEISTOEXPLAINTHENECESSARYOFEVALUATINGTHEMEASUREMENTTOOLS,METHODANDPRODUCTSPECIFICATIONBYUFINGMEASUREMENTSYSTEMANALYSISTHEORYTHENIMPLEMENTTHETESTINGMETHOD,PERFECTTHEMEASUREMENTSYSTEMACCORDINGTOTHEANALYSISRESULTDURINGTHEMEASUREMENTSYSTEMANALYSISOFPARTSOFTABLETASSAYTESTINGINTIANJINSMITHKJINEFRENCHQUALITYCONTROL,ANALYZINGTHEMEASUREMENT,CALCULATINGTHEAPPROPRIATERELATEDTOTHESPECIFICATION,CONFNMINGTHEACCURACYOFTESTINGRESULTS,TOJUDGEWHETHERTHETESTINGRESULTSREFLECTTHEACTUALPRODUCTQUALITYEVALUATINGTHETESTINGMETHOD,F(xiàn)INDINGTHEVARIANCEMAINRESOURCE,ASCERTAINHOWTEDUCETHEVARIANCE;BYCHANGINGTHETESTINGMETHOD,USINGNEWMEASURE,TEDUCETHEVARIANCE,ENSURETHEMEASURESCIENTIFIC,REASONABLE,DATAACCURATE,WHICHPROVIDESTRONGLYEVIDENCEFORPRODUCTQUALITYTHECOMPANYGETSMUCHECONOMICBENEFITALSOPROVIDEAREALEXAMPLEFOROTHERPRODUCTMEASUREMENTSYSTEMANALYSISKEYWORDSMEASUREMENTSYSTEMANALYSIS,REPEATABILITYREPRODUCIBILITYVARIANCE,MEASURE
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簡介:Y770935梗旦大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化對區(qū)內(nèi)盲接投資的影響以德國為例院系世界經(jīng)濟研究所專業(yè)姓名指導(dǎo)教師完成日期世界經(jīng)濟李平羅秀妹副教授2005年4月22日學(xué)校代碼學(xué)號10246022015055ABSTRACT111ISPAPERTRIESTOSTUDYTHEIMPACTOFEUINTEGRATIONONTHEFDIINTRAEUTKFDIINCREASESCOMEFROMTWOASPECTSPHYSICALLYSCALEEFFECTCAUSEDBYEUDISTRICTCONTINUOUSLYEXTENDINGTHEAFFILIATIONOFNEWMEMBERSCOUNTRYEXTENDEDTHEMARKELINCREASEDTHENEWDESTINATIONFORTHEF蚤1WITHTHESOURCEANOTHERISDEEPENINGEFFECT弧EEFFECTONTHEFDIOFESTIMATEDMEMBERSTATESBYTHEIMEGRATIONPROGRESS。FORTHESAKEOFTHERIGHTCOMPREHENSIONOFTHEIMPACTOFTHEINTEGRATIONPROGRESS011THEECONOMYINCREASE,THESETWOKINDSOFEFFECTSCONTAINNECESSITYPROCEEDTHEDISTINCTION。THEFIRSTPARTOFTHISPAPERFIRSTLYINBRIEFREVIEWSEVERYKINDOFCLASSICTHEORIESOFTHEFDI,F(xiàn)OREXAMPLE,THEMONOPOLISTICADVANTAGES,PRODUCTLIFECYCLE,THEINTERNALIZATIONTHEORIESCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGETHEORYANDTHETHEORIESOFOLI111ESETHEORIESAREALSOSUITABLEFOR葑烈ESINTHEINTEGRATIONREGIONS。NEXT,COMBININGTHETRENDANDCHANGECHARACTERSOFFDIINTRAEUARER80S。THISPAPERREVIEWSTHELITERATURESCONCERNEDONTHISTOPICBYTHEFOURCLASSIFICATIONSONTHERELATIONBETWEENINTEGRATIONANDFDIMADEBYDUNNINGIN1997,WHICHPROVIDESAUSEFULFRAMEWORKFORTHISKINDOFRESEARCH。BESIDES,THISPAPERREVIEWTHEECONOMETRICCALCULATIONEXAMINATIONS,INCLUDINGTHEUNCTAD1993,DANNING1997,ETC骶磚FOLLOWINGPARTOFTHISPAPERISACASESTUDYOFGERMANY弱懿PARTFIRSTLYREVIEWSTHEHISTORYANDPRESENTCONDITIONOFGERMANFDI,ANALYZINGTHEREGIONDISTRIBUTIONANDINDUSTRYCHARACTERISTICSOFGERMANFDI,BASEDONTHESECONDITIONS。THISPAPERANALYZESTHEREASONWHYGERMANYDRAWLESSFDITHANINVESTOUTWARDTHESECHARACTERISTICSALSOAFFECTTHEREGIONDISTRIBUTESANDINDUSTRIALSTRUCTUREITOFGERMANYFDINTRAEUTHELASTPARTISASMALLECONOMETRICEXAMINATIONNLISPARTUSESASIMPLEGRAVITYMODEL,TOSTUDYTHEEFFECTOFTHESMPANDTHEEUEXPANSIONOFTHE1995ONTHEGERMANFDIINTRAEUTHERESULTSEXPRESSESTHATACCORDINGTOTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEGERMANITSELFSMPINFLUENCESGERMAUF£IIINTRAEUVERYOBVIOUSLYANDPOSITIVELY;BUTTHEEXPANSIONOFTHE1995DOESN’THAVESOMUCHAFFECTAND,ANDNEGATIVERELATEDWITHGERMANFDIINTRAEUKEYWORDEUINTEGRATION,F(xiàn)DI,GERMANYSMPC£CNUMBERF1414T2
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