簡介:藥物濫用藥物濫用OVERUTILIZATIONOFPHARMACEUTICALSINTHEAREAOFANTIBIOTICSALONE,THEMOSTPROMINENTPROBLEMHASBEENTHEOVERUTILIZATIONOFDRUGSTHECENTERFORDISEASECONTROL,FORINSTANCE,ESTIMATESTHAT1/3OFTHEANTIBIOTICSTAKENONANOUTPATIENTBASISINTHEUNITEDSTATESAREUNNECESSARYINCREASINGUSEOFANTIBIOTICSISLINKEDTOTHEINCREASEOFTHEIRRESISTANCEBYBACTERIAINTHEUNITEDSTATES,14,000PEOPLEDIEEACHYEARFROMDRUGRESISTANTINFECTIONSPICKEDUPINHOSPITALSINTERMSOFHEALTHCARECOSTS,THERISINGUSEOFPHARMACEUTICALSHASPROFOUNDCONSEQUENCESFROM1993TO1998,FORINSTANCE,ANNUALDRUGEXPENDITURESINTHEUSNEARLYDOUBLEDFROM506BILLIONTO934BILLION,MOSTOFTHEEXPENSESBEINGBORNEBYTHIRDPARTYPAYORSTOTALSPENDINGONPRESCRIPTIONDRUGSDOUBLEDFROM1995TO2000ANDTRIPLEDFROM1990TO2000,CONSTITUTINGONEOFTHEMAINFACTORSDRIVINGUPHEALTHCAREEXPENDITURESOVERALLEATLESSTOLIVELONGERIFTHEREWEREADRUGTHATHELPEDONELIVEALONGLIFE,ALMOSTEVERYBODYWOULDBUYITINDEEDTHEREISSUCHADRUGITISMODERATEEATINGSOMESCIENTISTSHAVEPROVEDTHISBYEXPERIMENTSON200MONKEYSONEATINGLESSHOWEVERWHYISITSOHEREISADISCUSSIONFIRST,ITRELIEVESTHEGASTRICSYSTEMOFBURDENSOFTOOMUCHPROTEINANDFATTHEBURDENMAYRESIDESININTESTINESANDGIVESWAYTOTOXINANDSUBSTANCESTHESUBSTANCESHARMTHECNSANDACCELERATEAGINGSECOND,ITPREVENTSBRAINMETABOLICDISORDERCAUSEDBYSATIETYSATIETYMULTIPLIESSOMECELLSTHATINDUCEANDSHORTENSUPPLYOFOXYGEN,ANDBLOODTOTHECORTEX,WHICHINTURNSHORTENONE’SLIFETIMETHIRD,SATIETYDAMAGESCELLS,WHICHACCELERATESAGINGPROCESSTHISISCAUSEDBYTOOMANYFREERADICALSTHATDAMAGE,CAUSEETCANDQUICKENAGINGFOURTH,LONGTERMSATIETYRESULTSINOBESITY,DIABETES,ETCACTUALLY,THEREWERESOMETHEORIESANDTHERAPIESONMODERATEEATING,WHICHSHOULDBEADVOCATEDTODAYTOCONCLUDE,FOROURHEALTHANDLONGEVITY,PLEASEEATLESS1REDUCTIONOFSTUDENTS’STUDYLOADFACINGHUGEAMOUNTOFHOMEWORK,FREQUENTEXAMSANDAMBITIOUSEXPECTATIONSOFTHEIRPARENTS,CHINESEPRIMARYANDMIDDLESCHOOLSTUDENTSNOWGROWUPUNDERHEAVYPRESSURESTHISHASTIMEANDAGAINTRIGGERED觸發(fā)THENATIONWIDEDISCUSSIONONWHETHERORNOTWESHOULDREDUCETHESTUDENTS’STUDYLOADSOMEPEOPLESTRONGLYADVOCATETHATWESHOULDREDUCETHESTUDENTS’STUDYLOADTHEYHOLDTHAT,FIRST,ITDEPRIVESCHILDRENOFTHEIRFREETIMEANDTHEGOLDEN,CHEERFULCHILDHOODWHICHTHEYDESERVEASARESULT,EVERYDAYTHEYRUSHTOSCHOOLWITHHEAVIERANDHEAVIERBAGSANDRETURNHOMEWITHENDLESSHOMEWORKSOMETIMESTHEYEVENHAVETOBURNTHEMIDNIGHTOILMOREOVER,ALLTHEIRWEEKENDSANDVACATIONSAREOCCUPIEDWITHMAKEUPLESSONSSECOND,HEAVYSTUDYLOADHASSERIOUSLYAFFECTEDTHEIRPHYSICALANDPSYCHOLOGICALHEALTH影響身心健康TOILLUSTRATE,MOREANDMORESTUDENTSAREEITHERWEARINGGLASSEDORSUFFERINGFROMNERVOUSDISORDEROCCASIONALLYITEVENCANLEADTOTHEOCCURRENCEOFTRAGEDIESHOWEVER,OTHERSHESITATEABOUTITANDTHEYPREFERTOSTICKTOTHEOLDPRACTICERATHERTHANTOREDUCESTUDENTS’STUDYLOADTHEYBELIEVETHATONLYHARDWORKCANEARNABRIGHTFUTUREFORCHILDRENTHEYALSOBELIEVEONLYTHOSEWHOSTUDYHARDUNDERMUCHSTUDYLOADCANGETREWARDEDBYFINDINGANIDEALJOBINTHECUTTHROATCOMPETITIONBESIDES,THEYTHINKIT’SJUSTAWASTEOFTIMEFORSTUDENTSTOIDLEAROUNDTHEFACTTHATMORECHILDRENWEREDROWNEDTHISSUMMERMIGHTRESULTFROMTHEHASMANYPOSITIVEASPECTSTOBEGINWITH,EXAMISANEFFECTIVEMEANSTOASSESSSTUDENTS’KNOWLEDGEANDPROFICIENCYANDTOEVALUATETEACHERS’TEACHINGLEVELBESIDES,ITCANHELPSTUDENTSFINDOUTTHEIRSTRONGANDWEAKPOINTSINLEARNINGANDMAKETHEIRKNOWLEDGEPERMANENTMOSTIMPORTANTOFALL,IT’SOFTENSERVEDASAMOTIVETODRIVESTUDENTSTOSTUDYHARDANDGETWELLPREPAREDACADEMICALLYFORTHEFUTURECOMPETITIONHOWEVER,IT’SOFTENBLAMEDFORITSOBVIOUSDEFECTSFIRST,EXAMSAREALWAYSOVERSTRESSEDASTHEAIMOFBOTHLEARNINGANDTEACHINGTHUSTHEEXAMSYSTEMISOFTENBLAMEDFORTHEFORMATIONOFTHETRADITIONALEXAMORIENTEDEDUCATIONSYSTEMSECOND,EXAMSAREALWAYSASSOCIATEDWITHPROMOTIONTOAHIGHERGRADEORADMITTANCETOCOLLEGETHEREFORE,THEYAREHEAVILYRESPONSIBLEFORTHEPRESENTEXAMASSESSMENTSYSTEMFINALLY,BECAUSETHESYSTEMLEADSTOSTUDENT’SHEAVYSTUDYLOADANDITMAINLYPRODUCESSTUDENTSWITHHIGHSCORESANDPOORABILITIES,IT’SALWAYSTHETARGETOFCRITICISMANDFOCUSOFREFORMINAWORD,THEDISADVANTAGESDOOUTWEIGHTHEADVANTAGESIT’SURGENTTOREFORMTHEEXISTINGEXAMINATIONSYSTEMINTHENEWCENTURY5DOESTHENEWTUITIONPOLICYKEEPSTUDENTSAWAYNOWADAYS,UNDERTHENEWTUITIONSYSTEM,ANINCREASINGNUMBEROFSTUDENTS,WHOPASSEDTHEUNIVERSITYENTRANCEEXAMINATIONHAVEGOTINTONEWANXIETYOFCOLLEGETUITIONANDFEESUNDERTHEHEAVYFINANCIALPRESSUREANDMUCHPSYCHOLOGICALSTRESS,THOSEOUTSTANDINGSTUDENTS,ESPTHOSEPOVERTYSTRICKENSTUDENTS(貧困學生)ANDTHOSEFROMFAMILIESWITHLAIDOFFPARENTS,WHOWERENEVERBEATENDOWNBYFATE,NOWSEEMTOBEDEFEATEDBYTHECRUSHINGTUITIONBURDEN千鈞重負INDEEDTHEYREALLYGOTSTUCKBYTHEFINANCIALPROBLEMTHEREFORE,MANYPEOPLECOMPLAINTHATSOMEPOORSTUDENTSCAN’TAFFORDTOPAYTHECOLLEGETUITIONANDFEESANDTHENEWTUITIONSYSTEMKEEPSPOVERTYSTRICKENSTUDENTSAWAYFROMCOLLEGEHOWCANSUCK吸取TIMEOUTOFTHEPARTTIMEJOBSANDMANAGETOPASSALLTHEEXAMSINCOLLEGETHEYHOLDTHATCOLLEGESTUDENTSSHOULDENJOYSOMEFAVORABLEPOLICIESOFTUITIONSSOASTOBEABLETOCONCENTRATEONTHEIRSTUDIESANDFREEFROMALLTHEWORRIESABOUTTHEIRPOCKETS,ANDTHATPOVERTYSHOULDNEVERBEAHURDLE欄TOTHEGROWTHOFPROMISINGSTUDENTSHOWEVER,INMYOPINION,THENEWTUITIONSYSTEMDOESADDMUCHDIFFICULTIESTOTHEPOORSTUDENTSBUTITWILLNEVERKEEPSTHEMAWAYFROMCOLLEGEFIRST,INCARRYINGOUTTHENEWTUITIONSYSTEM,THEGOVERNMENTSHOULDPROVIDESOMESPECIALPOLICYFORPOORSTUDENTSINADDITION,THEYAREENTITLEDT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