簡介：南京理工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文公司勞動(dòng)糾紛的法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析從公司“社會(huì)責(zé)任”的角度考察姓名陳偉申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)馬克思主義理論與思想政治教育指導(dǎo)教師曾培芳20040701ABSTRACTLABORDISPUTESEMERGESOMUCHANDSEEMTOINCREASERECENTLYWHICHHASBECOMEONEOFTHEHOTTESTISSUEBOTHINTHESOCIETYANDIN_THETHEORYFIELDINCHINAINT11ISARTICLETHEAUTHORDOSOMESURVEYSABOUTDISCUSSIONONCORPORATESOCIALRESPONSIBILITYAND1ABORATHOMEANDABROADFIRST，ITDISCLOSESSOCALLED“SOCIALRESPONSIBILITY’ISCOMPANY’SINDIVIDUALMANAGEMENTBEHAVIOREXTERIORSOBJECTIVEEXPRESSIONTHROUGHECONOMICSOFLAWRELATIVETHEORYANDTHENCUTTINGINTOTHEINTERNALRELATIONSHIPTHECOMPANYWILLNOTBEWILLINGLYTOTAKEUPSOCALLED“SOCIALRESPONSIBILITY1BOTHINTHEORYANDINREALITYSECONDLY，THEARTICLECOMESTLPWITLLTHETHOUGHTRACKANDFRAMEABOUTCHINESELABORDISPUTES，WHICHISUSEDTOEXPLAINTHEREASONWHYTHEEMERGEOFMANYLABORDISPUTESANDTHECOMPANY’SUNWILLINGTOTAKEUP‘‘SOCIALRESPONSIBILITY’THIRDLYTHEARTICLEDISCUSSESLAW’SEFFECTONLABORDISPUTE，WHICHISTOEXPLOREWHETHERCALLSOLVEORAVOIDLABORDISPUTETHROUGHPERFECTLAWKEYWARDSCOMPANY，LABORDISPUTE，SOCIALRESPONSIBILITY，ECONOMICSOFLAW11

簡介：山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文會(huì)計(jì)誠信的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究姓名劉文杰申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)指導(dǎo)教師楊桂玲20040920摘要隨著我國社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐步建立，在現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中產(chǎn)生了大量的會(huì)計(jì)失信現(xiàn)象，影響了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展。因此，從理論上對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)誠信現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析和探討，具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文運(yùn)用理論分析與實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的方法，從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)誠信的本質(zhì)含義及價(jià)值意義進(jìn)行了的研究，從而據(jù)此對(duì)我國會(huì)計(jì)誠信危機(jī)的根源進(jìn)行了分析，進(jìn)而提出了提高會(huì)計(jì)誠信水平的途徑。本文認(rèn)為，會(huì)計(jì)誠信作為一種道德規(guī)則，反映在經(jīng)濟(jì)行為中，具有特定的經(jīng)濟(jì)意義，它不僅能帶來一定價(jià)值，其本身也成為一種資源。在轉(zhuǎn)軌時(shí)期，由于企業(yè)對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)誠信的經(jīng)濟(jì)意義認(rèn)識(shí)不足，加上制度不健全，在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中出現(xiàn)了普遍的會(huì)計(jì)失信行為。提高會(huì)計(jì)誠信水平的途徑從更新觀念和完善制度入手?！碴P(guān)鍵詞」會(huì)計(jì)誠信會(huì)計(jì)誠信價(jià)值誠信危機(jī)途徑

簡介：中文提要對(duì)于企業(yè)權(quán)威和集權(quán)與分權(quán)問題，前人已經(jīng)做了大量的研究并取得了很大的成就，但從目前的文獻(xiàn)來看，人們?cè)诖藛栴}上的看法還很不一致，對(duì)此問題的分析也不夠深入，這說明，對(duì)企業(yè)權(quán)威和集權(quán)與分權(quán)問題人們還須繼續(xù)探索，本文就是在此方面所作的新的嘗試。具體來說，本文共分六章，其內(nèi)容大致如下第一章，導(dǎo)論。本章首先指出了論文選題的理論價(jià)值與實(shí)踐意義，然后對(duì)與企業(yè)集權(quán)與分權(quán)有關(guān)的國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了介紹，最后介紹了論文的結(jié)構(gòu)框安排和可能的創(chuàng)新。第二章，企業(yè)權(quán)威和集權(quán)與分權(quán)的界定。與所有傳統(tǒng)的企業(yè)權(quán)威觀不同，本章對(duì)企業(yè)的權(quán)威作了如下新的界定企業(yè)的權(quán)威是轉(zhuǎn)讓較為完全的物質(zhì)資產(chǎn)和轉(zhuǎn)讓較為不完全的人力資產(chǎn)的復(fù)合產(chǎn)權(quán)。理解這一新的企業(yè)權(quán)威觀時(shí)應(yīng)把握兩點(diǎn)首先，企業(yè)的權(quán)威是一種產(chǎn)權(quán)，它經(jīng)由市場交換而來。其次，對(duì)于不同的資產(chǎn)，其產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓程度不一樣，特別是企業(yè)的人力資產(chǎn)，其產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓通常具有較大的不完全性，這種不完全性的最突出的表現(xiàn)是企業(yè)主和勞動(dòng)者分享企業(yè)人力資產(chǎn)的使用權(quán)。在對(duì)企業(yè)權(quán)威定義的基礎(chǔ)上，本章對(duì)企業(yè)的集權(quán)與分權(quán)作了如下的界定如果企業(yè)的絕大部分權(quán)威由一人或少數(shù)人行使，則稱企業(yè)處于集權(quán)狀態(tài)，如果企業(yè)的絕大部分權(quán)威山多人行使，則稱企業(yè)處于分權(quán)狀態(tài)第三章，企業(yè)集權(quán)與分權(quán)的最優(yōu)化分析。本章根據(jù)產(chǎn)權(quán)交易是在企業(yè)內(nèi)進(jìn)行還足在企業(yè)間進(jìn)行將交易成本分為兩種基本類型內(nèi)部交易成本和外部交易成本。與大多數(shù)交易成本文獻(xiàn)主要分析外部交易成本不同，本章主要對(duì)各種內(nèi)部交易成木的種類和來源進(jìn)行了考察，在此基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒交易成本理論和代理理論的分析方法，在分析各種內(nèi)部交易成本與企業(yè)分權(quán)度的關(guān)系后，本章將企業(yè)的集權(quán)與分權(quán)最優(yōu)化問趣歸結(jié)為求解企業(yè)所有內(nèi)部交易成本總和最小化問題，據(jù)此提出了一個(gè)企業(yè)最優(yōu)分權(quán)度模型，通過求解該模型，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)企業(yè)最優(yōu)分權(quán)度由以下幾個(gè)因素決定一是企業(yè)高層管理人員對(duì)企業(yè)低層管理人員的監(jiān)督管理能力二是企業(yè)低層管理人員對(duì)生產(chǎn)工人的監(jiān)督管理能力，三是企業(yè)低層管理人員的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)厭惡度，四是企業(yè)低層管理人員的工作厭惡度，五是環(huán)境不確定性的大小。第四章，現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的分權(quán)化趨勢(shì)。企業(yè)的最優(yōu)集權(quán)與分權(quán)程度不是一成不變的，正所謂“分久必合，合久必分”，辯證之否定規(guī)律在人類生產(chǎn)和交換的組織領(lǐng)域同樣在發(fā)揮作用大約到十八世紀(jì)中葉，企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)完成了從分權(quán)到集權(quán)的第一次否定，在此以后，企業(yè)走向從集權(quán)到分權(quán)的第二次否定歷程。當(dāng)人類邁入二十一世紀(jì)時(shí)，企業(yè)的分權(quán)化壓力進(jìn)一步加大，許多企業(yè)審時(shí)度勢(shì)進(jìn)行了分權(quán)化改革，可是有的企業(yè)取得了成功，有的企業(yè)卻遭遇了失敗，于是，在企業(yè)是否應(yīng)進(jìn)行分權(quán)化改革問題上，眾說紛紜，莫衷一是。本章對(duì)現(xiàn)代企業(yè)所面臨的環(huán)境進(jìn)行了深入池考察，通過考察發(fā)現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)代企業(yè)所面臨的環(huán)境與以前相比發(fā)生了巨大的變化ABSTRACTASTOTHEISSUESOFCORPORATIONAUTHORITYCENTRALIZATIONANDDECENTRALIZATIONFORMERSPECIALISTSANDSCHOLARSHAVECONDUCTEDAGREATNUMBEROFRESEARCHESANDHAVEREACHEDHUGEACHIEVEMENTSTOSOMEEXTENTHOWEVERACCORDINGTOTHEEXISTINGREFERENCESWENOTICETHATACADEMICIANSHAVENOTBEENGETINGAUNANIMOUSLYIDEAONTHEISSUESINTHEMEANTIMEANALYSISONTHEMARENOTPROFOUNDENOUGHALLOFTHESEINDICATETHATITISNECESSARYTOMAKEFURTHERSEARCHONTHEISSUESTHETHESISAIMSATPROFOUNDLYSTUDYINGTHEISSUESBYABRANNEWANGLETHETHESISISDIVIDEDINTO6CHAPTERSASFOLLOWTHEFIRSTCHAPTERISANINSTRUCTIONOFTHEWHOLETHESISWHICHFIRSTLYPOINTSOUTTHETHEORETICALANDPRACTICALVALUESOFTHESELECTEDTITLEOFTHETHESISTHENINTRODUCESCENTRALIZATIONANDDECENTRALIZATIONOFCORPORATIONPOWERRELATEDREFERENCESINANDOUTOFTHECOUNTRYANDATLASTOUTLINESTHESTRUCTUREOFTHETHESISANDSTATESTHEPOSSIBLEINNOVATIONONTHEISSUESTHESECONDCHAPTERISTHEDEFINITIONSOFCORPORATIONAUTHORITYCENTRALIZATIONANDDECENTRALIZATIONDIFERENTFROMTRADITIONALOUTLOOKOFCORPORATIONAUTHORITYANEWDFINITIONISMADEINTHISCHAPTERCORPORATIONAUTHORITYISAKINDOFMULTIPLEXPROPERTYRIGHTWHICHTRANSFERSCOMPARATIVELYCOMPLETEPHYSICALASSETSANDINCOMPLETEHUMANASSETTWOKEYPOINTSSHOULDBEHOLDTOBETTERUNDERSTANDTHISNEWDEFINITIONFASTOFAILCORPORATIONAUTHORITYISAKINDOFPROPERTYRIGHTWHICHDERIVESFROMMARKETEXCHANGESECONDLYTODIFERENTASSETSITSPROPERTYASSIGNMENTWILLBECONDUCTEDINDIFERENTEXTENTESPECIALLYTOHUMANASSETNORMALLYITSPROPERTYASSIGNMENTPOSSESSCONSIDERABLYINCOMPLETETRAITANDTHEMOSTPROMINENTREPRESENTATIONOFTHISINCOMPLETETRAITISTHESHAREOFHUMANASSETUSUFRUCTBYENTREPRENEURSANDLABORERSBASEDONTHEDEFINITIONOFTHECORPORATIONAUTHORITY伽KEYWORDSOFCENTRALIZATIONANDDECENTRALIZATIONAREALSODEFINEDINTHISCHAPTERASFOLLOWTOABSOLUTEMAJORITYOFPOWERINACORPORATIONWHENITISEXERCISEDBYONEORSEVERALPERSONSWECONSIDERTHECORPORATIONINTHECONDITIONOFCENTRALIZATIONWHENITISEXERCISEDBYMANYPERSONSWETHENCONSIDERTHECORPORATIONINTHECONDITIONOFDECENTRALIZATIONTHETHIRDCHAPTERISTHEOPTIMIZEDANALYSISONTHECENTRALIZATIONANDDECENTRALIZATIONOFCORPORATIONAUTHORITYACCORDINGTOWHEREPROPERTYTRANSACTIONISTAKENPLACEINSIDEORBETWEENCORPORATIONSTRANSACTIONCOSTCANBEDIFERENTIATEDINTOTWOBASICTYPESINTERNALANDEXTERNALTRANSACTIONCOSTMAJORITYOFREFERENCESRELATETO

簡介：湖南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文跨國并購的動(dòng)因及實(shí)現(xiàn)條件基于新興古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)框架的分析姓名易先忠申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)國際貿(mào)易學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師張亞斌20041027IIABSTRACTTOOBTAINTHEENDOGENOUSENTERPRISEADVANTAGEININTERNATIONALMARKETISCROSSBDERMERGERSACQUISITIONS’GENERALINTENTIONTHEENDOGENOUSENTERPRISEADVANTAGEISPRODUCEDENHANCEDWITHTHEDEEPENINGOFTHESPECIALIZATIONDIVISIONINSIDETHEENTERPRISEAMONGENTERPRISESWITHTHEEXTENDINGOFTHEMARKETCAPACITYTHEOWNEROFTHEENTERPRISEWILLTAKETHEFIRSTCONSIDERATIONOFTHEMETHODOFFDITOOBTAINTHEENDOGENOUSENTERPRISEADVANTAGEINDERTOMAXIMIZETHESURPLUSOFTHEENTERPRISEINCOMEBECAUSEOFTHELIMITATIONOFTHEACCUMULATIONTHEMARKETFAILUREASWELLASTHEINCOMPLETELYIMITABILITYCOMPARINGWITHTHEMETHODOFGREENFIELDINVESTMENTCROSSBDERMERGERSACQUISITIONSCANGETMESTATICDYNAMICENDOGENOUSENTERPRISEADVANTAGESOTHEMETHODOFTHECROSSBDERMSPECIALIZATIONDIVISIONTRANSACTIONEFFICIENCYAFFECTINGFACTS

簡介：長安大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文公路服務(wù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析及其商業(yè)化運(yùn)營與公共管制研究姓名李曉明申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士專業(yè)道路與鐵道工程指導(dǎo)教師胡長順王秉綱20030101行為特征作了大致分析，論述了公路企業(yè)如何細(xì)分市場、如何選擇目標(biāo)市場和采取什么經(jīng)營措施等營銷策略問題。根據(jù)市場競爭狀態(tài)、企業(yè)資源、市場需求和經(jīng)營階段等因素，研究了公路企業(yè)的收費(fèi)定價(jià)策略。在引入營銷學(xué)成本導(dǎo)向、需求導(dǎo)向和競爭導(dǎo)向三類收費(fèi)價(jià)格計(jì)算方法的同時(shí)，本文根據(jù)公路服務(wù)業(yè)的政府管制特征，擴(kuò)展了收費(fèi)定價(jià)方法的類型政府管制導(dǎo)向定價(jià)法。依據(jù)福利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策理論，對(duì)公路服務(wù)業(yè)實(shí)施政府公共管制的原因、方法和內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了研究。分析指出了公路服務(wù)理想的管制價(jià)格及其存在的社會(huì)矛盾，提出了政府管制實(shí)際應(yīng)該采用的收費(fèi)價(jià)格與基本計(jì)算公式。研究了不同經(jīng)營階段、分路段經(jīng)營、獨(dú)立路線收費(fèi)經(jīng)營三種典型收費(fèi)公路情況中存在的市場缺陷與核心問題，及其政府的公共管制策略。在我國高速公路全部為收費(fèi)道路、國有企業(yè)管理“政企分開”以及新一輪國有資產(chǎn)管理體制改革背景下，高速公路管理體制成為公路交通行業(yè)的焦點(diǎn)問題。根據(jù)上述微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析的結(jié)論與方法，本文對(duì)我國高速公路管理體制進(jìn)行了論證分析并提出了建議。對(duì)體制問題的研究可以算做本文研究的一個(gè)應(yīng)用案例，顯示了本文研究方法與結(jié)論分析公路交通運(yùn)輸行業(yè)問題的有效性和實(shí)用性。關(guān)鍵詞公路服務(wù)，收費(fèi)公路，微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，市場營銷，公共管制

簡介：、772017同等學(xué)力申請(qǐng)碩士學(xué)位後里大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文學(xué)校代碼10246學(xué)號(hào)K0。2015031溫州產(chǎn)業(yè)群落發(fā)展的制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)解讀院系所專業(yè)姓名指導(dǎo)教師完成日期經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)鄧金松徐為民副教授2004年12月ABSTRACTSOMESCHOLARAREINTERESTEDINTHEPROBLEMOFWUNZHOU’SECONOMYAGAINASTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIETYANDECONOMYRECENTLY．THEARTICLEDETA訂STHEDEVELOPMENTOFWUZHOU’SECONOMY，ANDGIVEALOTOFDATAFROMWUNZHOUAREABASETHIS，THEARTICLEANAIYSETHEWUZHOU’SECONOMYBYTHETHEORVOFTHENEWINSTITUTIONECONOMICS，TRANSACTIONCOSTSANDPROPERTYRIGHTTHEARTICLEARGUEDTHATTHEMOSTIMPORTANTREASONFORDEVETOPINGOFWUZHOU’SECONOMYISTRANSACTIONCOSTS，WBATEVERTHECHANGN帔。FORGANLZATIONASTHEPLAYINGOFTHEMARKET，ITSTARGETISTODECREASETHET。ARTSA。TIONCOSTSTHEARTICLEALSOPUTOUTTHATTHEPROPERTYRIGHTPLAYA1MPORTANTROLEINTHEDEVELOPINGOFWUZHOU’ECONOMY．MANYFRMSINPROPERTYRIGHTDAVETHEWAYONDEVELOPMENT．ESPECIALLY，THEULTUREI1WUZHOUAREAISAMOREIMPORTANTACT．BYTHEPROBLEMOFWUZHOU’ECONOMYANDPROBLEM．THEANALYSIS，THEARTJCLEPOSEOUTTABLEAPROPOSALTORESOLVETHEKEYWORDSWENZHOU’SECONOMY，INSTITUTIONECONOMICS，TRANSACTIONCOSTSPROPERTYRIGHTCLASSIFICATIONNO．270．223

簡介：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文國有企業(yè)改革的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析姓名王飛孟申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)金融學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師蔣先玲20050301II在市場體制扭曲的情況下社會(huì)資源配置不是最優(yōu)的存在帕累托改進(jìn)的空間由于存在逆向選擇企業(yè)管理者評(píng)價(jià)企業(yè)優(yōu)劣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與公眾評(píng)價(jià)體系存在差異從而在經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中出現(xiàn)與公眾期待行為逆向的行為選擇這是由于在穩(wěn)態(tài)模型體系下國有企業(yè)管理者并不完全關(guān)心企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的效率還關(guān)心自身的收益改革偽裝則是企業(yè)表面進(jìn)行了改革但不是真正地進(jìn)行了改革表面上建立起了現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度但實(shí)際上還是沿襲了傳統(tǒng)的管理體制現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度在這里遭到了抵制這些難題對(duì)國有企業(yè)改革的深入進(jìn)行形成了障礙再次根據(jù)國有企業(yè)穩(wěn)態(tài)模型的形成及對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的影響提出了解決國有企業(yè)改革難題的路徑選擇這個(gè)路徑是制度回歸?休克激活?尋利推動(dòng)三個(gè)階段要通過產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革使企業(yè)真正建立起適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要的現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度消除了市場扭曲和改革偽裝使企業(yè)回歸于適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行機(jī)制同時(shí)由于企業(yè)穩(wěn)態(tài)模型的解除使企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力得到解放內(nèi)部潛力得到充分發(fā)揮企業(yè)產(chǎn)生了新的活力推動(dòng)企業(yè)走向市場化進(jìn)程由于產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的變革外來資本在尋利動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)使下會(huì)進(jìn)入企業(yè)尋求創(chuàng)利機(jī)會(huì)這種生產(chǎn)性的尋利行為推動(dòng)社會(huì)效用不斷擴(kuò)張使經(jīng)濟(jì)市場化進(jìn)程不斷加快市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制不斷成熟和完善因此國有企業(yè)改革必須解除穩(wěn)態(tài)模型對(duì)國有企業(yè)的束縛而市場化進(jìn)程是建立在體制的變革基礎(chǔ)上投資者的尋利行為為國有企業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來活力不斷推動(dòng)市場化的進(jìn)程其結(jié)果是社會(huì)總效用的擴(kuò)大第四部分對(duì)國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)改革的意義進(jìn)行了分析國企產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的徹底改革是解除其管理體系穩(wěn)態(tài)模型特征的必要條件徹底的產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革方式才能

簡介：浙江大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文股份合作制理論、實(shí)踐及其適宜領(lǐng)域基于浙江案例的新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角分析姓名傅夏仙申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士專業(yè)管理學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理指導(dǎo)教師黃祖輝20030401浙江大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文股份合作制理論、實(shí)踐及其適宜領(lǐng)域第六，揭示股份合作制在農(nóng)業(yè)和土地適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營中的運(yùn)用第七章。分析了股份合作制在農(nóng)業(yè)中廣泛出現(xiàn)的背景，闡述了其發(fā)展的基本特征；分析了農(nóng)業(yè)股份合作制的制度績效以及進(jìn)一步發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)股份合作制的政策建議；運(yùn)用典型案例，分析了土地適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營中股份合作制的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀；闡述了農(nóng)地股份合作制的制度績效以及存在的問題；分析了農(nóng)地股份合作制推行的條件與進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的政策選擇。第七，對(duì)股份合作制發(fā)展的適宜領(lǐng)域，即在農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營中的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了闡述第八章。從制度的角度，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的動(dòng)因進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)總結(jié)；分析農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化作為～種契約型組織在經(jīng)營中的問題，運(yùn)用典型案例對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營中不同的制度安排進(jìn)行分析最后，從組織創(chuàng)新的角度揭示了將股份合作制引入農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營的具體影響，最后對(duì)股份合作制的適宜領(lǐng)域及其影響因素進(jìn)行總結(jié)。第八，總體研究結(jié)論和政策思路及建議第九章。在前幾章分析的基礎(chǔ)上，比較系統(tǒng)地提出股份合作制制度創(chuàng)新的基本特征以及與此相適宜的發(fā)展領(lǐng)域，并提出進(jìn)～步展示股份合作制制度優(yōu)勢(shì)的政策措施和改革思路。關(guān)鍵詞股份合作制制度變遷產(chǎn)權(quán)治理結(jié)構(gòu)

簡介：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文我國會(huì)計(jì)制度變遷的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)思考姓名張祎申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師王春燕20040510ABSTRACTACCOUNTINGSYSTEMISANACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONPRODUCEDANDTRANSMITTEDMECHANISM，WHETHERITISPERFECTED，WILLBEINFLUENCINGTHEQUALITYOFTHEACCOUNTINGMESSAGEOUTPUTTEDANDCONDUCTEDDIRECTLY,THUSACTINGONTHEDISPOSITIONEFFICIENCYOFTHEECONOMICORDEROFTHEWHOLESOCIETYANDSOCIALRESOURCEINDIRECTLY．ATPRESENT，F(xiàn)OLLOWINGTHETRANSITIONOFECONOMICSYSTEM，OURCOUNTRY’SACCOUNTINGSYSTEMISCHANGINGANDREFORMINGTOO．FOLLOWINGTHEPROBLEMOFPROPOSINGANDSOLVING，THISARTICLEPROCEEDSFROMRELEVANTTHEORIESOFNEWINSTITUTIONALECONOMICSFIRST，ANDANALYSESTHEACCOUNTINGSYSTEMCHANGESOFOURCOUNTRYSINCETHEFOUNDATIONOFTHESTATE．ITANNOUNCEDTHECHANGEOFOURACCOUNTINGSYSTEMISGOVERNMENTLEADINGTYPE，UPROGRESSIVEONE，ANDCOMPLEMENTWITHRELYINGMAINLYONMANDATORYCHANGCANDSECONDLYOAINDUCTIVECHANGE，THEESSENCEOFCHANGES．THEGOALOFCHANGESISTOMEETTHEDEMANDOFRELEVANTINTERESTSABOUTACCOUNTINGINFORMATION，TOSTANDARDIZETHEACCOUNTINGBEHAVIOROFINFORMATIONPRODUCERS，TOIMPROVEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONQUALITY．MEANWHILE，WITHTHEPROMOTIONOFGLOBALECONOMICINTEGRATION，THEGOALSOFITSCHANGESSTILLLIEINHOWTOUTILIZETHEACCOUNTING?THISINTERNATIONALLYAGREEDCOMMERCIALLANGUAGETOMAINTAINTHENATIONALBENEFITINTHECOORDINATIONOFTHEINTERNATIONALACCOUNTINGCONVENTION，TOKEEPABALANCEOFTHEACCOUNTINGPOLICYBETWEENTHEDISTINCTCHINESECHARACTERISTICSANDTHECOORDINATIONWITHINTERNATIONALACCOUNTINGCONVENTIONCORRERTLY．THEN，PROCEEDINGFROMRELEVANTTHEORIESOFECONOMICS；COUNTTHESUBJECTMATTERTHATEXISTSINSYSTEMCHANGESAFTERANALYZINGOURCOUNTRY．FINALLY，UTILIZINGSEVERALENLIGHTENMENTOFNEWINSTITUTIONALECONOMICSABOUTTHECHANGEOFACCOUNTINGSYSTEMTHATEXISTINTHECOURSEOFOURCOUNTRY。THEAUTHORPROPOSESTHEIMAGINATIONSOFCHANGESINTHEFUTURE，THATISTOTRYTOSTRUCTUREONEGOVERNMENTANDFOLKORGANIZATIONPARTICIPATEINTHEINTEGRATIONMODETHATTHEACCOUNTINGSYSTEMISMADETOGETHER,INTHEHOPEOFSOLVINGTHEEXISTINGPROBLEMFROMTHEORIGIN．【KEYWORDSNEWINSTITUTIONALECONOMICSACCOUNTINGSYSTEMCHANGETHESUBJECTMATTEROFACCOUNTINGSYSTEMCHANGETHEIMAGINATIONOFACCOUNTINGSYSTEMCHANGES

簡介：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文中國畜牧業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化活動(dòng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析姓名李強(qiáng)申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士專業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理指導(dǎo)教師馮中朝20040501摘要第三章，回顧與總結(jié)了我國建國以來畜牧業(yè)科研及技術(shù)推廣體系建設(shè)與改革歷程，考察和揭示了當(dāng)前畜牧業(yè)科研資源及技術(shù)推廣資源配置狀況，實(shí)際調(diào)查和分析了畜牧業(yè)技術(shù)推廣終端組織畜牧獸醫(yī)站的改革與發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。第四章，專門針對(duì)畜牧業(yè)科技成果的商品性進(jìn)行分析。按照不同的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)畜牧業(yè)科技成果進(jìn)行符合研究需要的分類，提出科技成果商品化所需具備的條件以及充分論述了畜牧業(yè)技術(shù)商品使用價(jià)值和價(jià)值形成路徑和原理。第五章，探討公共產(chǎn)品、私人產(chǎn)品及混合產(chǎn)品三類不同性質(zhì)的畜牧業(yè)科技成果供給、需求特性，剖析實(shí)現(xiàn)均衡的條件以及均衡實(shí)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)在機(jī)理，構(gòu)建不同類型畜牧業(yè)科技成果供需均衡的理論分析框架。第六章，通過對(duì)不同類型的畜牧業(yè)科技成果供需方的供需行為進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析，揭示出不同經(jīng)營方式的畜牧業(yè)科技成果需求者在技術(shù)采用中顯現(xiàn)出的若干特征、技術(shù)需求方向及技術(shù)采用心理等方面的傾向總結(jié)、歸納出規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、技術(shù)型企業(yè)兩類畜牧業(yè)科技成果供給方在技術(shù)開發(fā)方向、選題、開發(fā)方式等方面顯現(xiàn)出的若干特征。第七章，依據(jù)體系與運(yùn)行機(jī)制的不同，歸納、總結(jié)出國際上三類典型的畜牧業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化體制，并詳細(xì)論述各種體制的代表性國家的畜牧業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化體系、有關(guān)運(yùn)行方面的制度性安排及政府發(fā)揮的作用。第八章，依據(jù)微觀組織結(jié)構(gòu)及運(yùn)行機(jī)制的不同，總結(jié)、歸納出國內(nèi)幾種主要的畜牧業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化組織模式，并對(duì)各類組織模式的系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成、運(yùn)行機(jī)制進(jìn)行了分析，對(duì)每類模式的適應(yīng)性、優(yōu)劣進(jìn)行了評(píng)析。第九章，本文最后基于從天賦要素、技術(shù)、偏好及制度四方面對(duì)畜牧業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化活動(dòng)進(jìn)行分析的結(jié)論，提出如何依靠體制創(chuàng)薪、投入機(jī)制創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、組織創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新，加速畜牧業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化的對(duì)策。關(guān)鍵詞中國畜牧業(yè)；科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析H

簡介：復(fù)旦大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展中地質(zhì)環(huán)境的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析以上海城市地質(zhì)環(huán)境為例姓名陳華文申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士專業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)思想史指導(dǎo)教師尹伯成20040420ABSTRACTURBANGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTISONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTFACTORSFORURBANSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTWI也THEPROGRESSOFURBANIZATIONANDMOREFULLUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEEFFECTSOFURBANACTIVITIESONURBANGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTANDRESOURCES，HOWTOREACHTHETARGETINWHICHTHEURBANDEVELOPMENTANDURBANENVIRONMENTCANBEHARMONIZEDBECOMESAMAJORISSUEFORURBANAUTHORITIESCHINANOWHASENTEREDASTAGEOFFASTECONOMICGROWTHANDEMERGINGURBANIZATIONBUTATTHESAMETIME，PEOPLEALSONOTEDASERIESOFURBANIZATIONRELATEDGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTISSUES，INSOMEOFMETROPOLISANDMEDIUMSIZEDCITIES，GEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTHASBECOMEWORSENANDWORSENANDHUMANACTIVITYBASEDGEOLOGICALDISASTERSTAKELION’SSHAREOFITSKINDINGEOLOGICALDISASTERSINSOMEREGION，URBANGEOLOGICALDISASTERSHAVEBECOMETHECRITICALCONSTRAINTTOURBANDEVELOPMENTTHISSTUDYAIMSTODECREASEANDMINIMIZETHENEGATIVEEFFECTSOFHUMANACTIVITIESONURBANGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTBYHARMONIZINGURBANDEVELOPMENTANDITSGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENT，BASEDONTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENURBANDEVELOPMENTANDURBANGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTANDTOBUILDUPTHEIDEAOFSUSTMNABLEDEVELOPMENTBYCOMBININGTHEORETICALSTUDYWITHBESTPRACTICESGENERALANALYSISWITLLCASESTUDIESANDBYAPPLYINGTHETHEORIESOFENVKOUMENTALECONOMICSTOUNDERSTANDINGOFURBANGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTACCOMPANIEDWITHTHEURBANIZATION，THISWORKSTUDIEDTHEMUTUALRELIANCEANDEFFECTSBETWEENURBANDEVELOPMENTANDITSGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTISSUESTOBEFOCUSEDONINCLUDEFIRSTLYURBANDEVELOPMENTANDITSMODELSELECTIONTHEAUTHORCONCLUDEDTHATURBANIZATIONISTHEINEVITABLEPREREQUISITEOFMODERNIZATIONANDGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTSHOULDBEPUTINTOFULLCONSIDERATIONINTHEPROGRESSOFURBANIZATION，THREEPOSSIBLEMODELSFORURBANIZATIONAREALSOPUTFORWARD；SECONDLY，URBANGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTCALLBECHARACTERIZEDASPUBLICGOODSTHISWORKAPPLIESTHEPRINCIPLESOFPUBLICGOODSANDEXTERNALITYTOANALYZINGTHEPROPERTIESOFURBANGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTANDRESOURCESASPUBLICGOODS；THIRDLYISSUESABOUTURBANGEOLOGICALENVIRONMENTINGENERALINURBANIZATIONANDTHEMEASURESTOELIMINATETHEIRNEGATIVEINFLUENCESFROMTHESEISSUESTHEAUTHORINVESTIGATESTHEPOSSIBILITYBYPUBLICITYORIENTEDGEOLOGICALACTIVITIESINPRODUCINGTHEPUBLICGOODSWIMGEOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICSANDDESIGNEDTHEOPERATINGMECHANISMOFTHISSYSTEM；FINALLYTAKINGSHANGHAIASEXAMPLEFORDEEPLYUNDERSTANDINGOFURBAN2

簡介：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文上市公司虛假會(huì)計(jì)信息披露的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析及對(duì)策研究姓名任丹申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師梁杰20040305婆圈三些奎堂壁主鱟焦堡塞THEECONOMICANALYSISOFLISTEDCOMPANIES’FALSEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONDISCLOSUREANDCOUNTERMEASURERESEARCHABSTTACTSTOCKMARKETISCALLED“BAROMETER’OFONENATION’SECONOMY，ITRELATESTOAWIDEINVESTMENTCOMMUNITYANDNUMEROUSLISTEDCOMPANIES’BENEFITSITSWELLBALANCEDOPERATIONANDHEALTHYDEVELOPMENTARESIGNIFICANTTOTHESTABILIZATIONANDCELERITYOFNATIONALECONOMYASTHEOPENPOLICY’SAPPLICATIONINTHEDEALSYSTEM，THEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONDISCLOSURESENSESIMPORTANTLYBYMEANSOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONDISCLOSURE，THESECURITYMARKETCALLBESUBJECTEDTOONEKINDOFRATIONALRESTRICTIONANDITSVALIDITYCANBEENHANCEDSEEINGTHATWEFORMALLYENTEREDWTOONNOVEMBER7，2001，THEWORLDECONOMICCONTESTANDCOOPERATIVEPRESSUREARECONFRONTEDHOWTOIMPROVETHEQUAILTYOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONANDENSURETHEHEALTHYDEVELOPMENTOFOARSECURITYMARKETBECOMETHEPROBLEMSTHATAREURGENTTOBERESOLVEDTHISRESEARCHFINDSTHATFROMTHEECONOMICPOINTOFVIEWTHESYSTEMOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONDISCLOSUREHASSOLIDECONOMICFOUNDATIONITCONTRIBUTESTOIMPULSESTOCKMARKETTOOPERATEWELLABIDINGBYT11EVALUERULE，DECREASETHEMARKETBUBBLE，CLEAROFFTHEINFORMATIONASYMMETRYPHENOMENONANDAVOIDAGENCYPROBLEMS，SUCHASINVERSECHOICEANDMORALRISKMOREOVER，THISARTICLEDEFINESTHEFALSEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONDISCLOSUREANDPOINTSOUTTHATFABRICATING，OMITTINGANDFALSEFORECASTINGACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONALLBELONGTOTHEFALSEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONDISCLOSURETHISARTICLEATTEMPTSTOINTRODUCEGAMETHEORYANDENTRUSTAGENCYTHEORYINTOTHEANALYSISSTRUCTUREONLISTEDCOMPANIES’FALSEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONDISCLOSUREITPOINTSOUTTHATLISTEDCOMPANIES’FALSEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONDISCLOSUREISTHEEQUILIBRIUMRESUAOFMEASURINGRELEVANTGROUPS’INTERESTSANDTHEFINALRESULTOFTHENULLENTRUSTAGENCYMECHANISMINSIDECOMPANYATLAST，AIMINGFORTHEPOTENTIALREASON，ITPUTSFORWARDCOUNTERMEASURESANDSYSTEMARRANGEMENTSFROMTHEASPECTSOFINFORMATIONSUPERVISIONANDINSIDECONTR01KEYWORDSLISTEDCOMPANIES，F(xiàn)ALSEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONDISCLOSURE，ECONOMICANALYSIS，COUNTERMEASURERESEARCH，2

簡介：浙江大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文竊品交易的一個(gè)分析框架產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角兼論法權(quán)與經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利的分離及其對(duì)交易的影響姓名陳春良申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師羅衛(wèi)東20041115ABSTRACTTHEFTISARATHEROLDCRIME，WHICHTRADITIONALLYSTUDIEDMALULYBYCRIMINOLOGYANDJURISPRUDENCETHEVERYFIRSTRESEARCHCONCERNINGTHEECONOMICIMPACTOFTHEFTBEGANWITHGSBECKERTHESOCALLEDECONOMICSIMPERIALISTSINCETHENMULTIPLEEFFORTSHAVEBEENDEVOTEDTOANALYZETHEINDIVIDUALANDSOCIALCOSTUNDERDIFFERENTRULESETS，ANDTHEADVERSEEFFECTOFTHEFTTOSOCIALWELFAREHOWEVERFEWWORDSHADBEENSAIDABOUTTHESTOLENGOODSMARKET，ANDEVENFEWERRESEARCHERSHADSHOWNANYCONCEMABOUTTHECONCRETEPRICEFORMINGMECHANISMOFTHISSPECIALMARKETWHICHISOFGREATSIGNIFICANCETOSWEEPOFFTHEFTCRIMEFROMTHEBUYERSIDEORTHEMARKETREDUCTIONAPPROACHTHUS，WEWILL，INTHEPAP廿；TRYTOOUTLINETHEFUNDAMENTALPRICEOPERATINGMANNERINASTOLENGOODSMARKETAFTERFWSFLYINTRODUCINGAHYPOTHESISREGARDINGTHESTOLENGOODSPRICEMECHANISMTHATTHELEGITIMATELAGBETWEENLEGITIMATERIGHTANDECONOMICRIGHTSSTANDSTOBETHEVERYREASONWHYTHETRADEOFSTOLENGOODS，WHICHISILLEGALFORBOTHSIDESISINITIALLYPOSSIBLE，0111“PAPERWILLOFFEROUTAFORMALANALYTICALPRICEMODELWEARGUETHATTHEINITIALEVALUATIONOFPOTENTIALBUYERANDSELLERABOUTTHETARGETINGSTOLENGOODSINAGIVENTIMEPOINTJUSTREFLECTSDISTINCTEFFICIENCYANDPERFORMANCEOFLOCALGOVERNMENTSOCIALCAPITAL，ANDTHEPHYSICALCHARACTERISTICOFTHEGOODS，WHICHLATELYBRINGSALONGDIFFERENTSTIMULANTFORTHETWOPARTIES’BEHAVIORANDINTHEENDRESULTSINDIFFERENTTHEFTAMOUNTTHELAGDURATION，WHICHMAKESTRADETALKPOSSIBLE，ALSOCONVINCESTHEREASONBUYERTHATITMIGHTBEPROFITABLETOPAYFORTHESTOLENECONOMICRIGHTSLEASEPROSPERITYOFTHEFTSTRATEGYANDTRADEOFSTOLENGOODSINAPARTICULARARCAMAYACCORDINGLYERODETHELEGITIMATERULESETESTABLISHEDBYTHERULINGPARTYBYFORMINGUPACOLLECTIVEACTINGMECHANISMFMMTHISDYNAMICVIEWSOMECLUESREGARDINGTHEORIGINANDALSOEVOLUTIONOFLEGITIMATERIGHTCARLBEFOUNDINOURMODELKEYWORDSSTOLENGOODSLEGITIMATERIGHTECONOMICRIGHTSLEGITIMATELAG

簡介：山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文網(wǎng)絡(luò)免費(fèi)資源的產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析姓名楊文波申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師魏建20050420山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文摘要在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中可以享受到免費(fèi)信息資源可以說是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)最具魅力的特征之一。這種免費(fèi)資源的存在一定程度上是不符合傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)運(yùn)作規(guī)律的，有不少專業(yè)人士也曾經(jīng)指出互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供免費(fèi)資源的時(shí)代行將結(jié)束。但是現(xiàn)實(shí)中，隨著亙聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，免費(fèi)資源不僅沒有；肖失，反而在數(shù)量及質(zhì)量上都有所提高。本文以產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)此現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析，試圖從產(chǎn)權(quán)與價(jià)格的內(nèi)在作用機(jī)理及價(jià)格的形成來解釋這一現(xiàn)象。首先。本文分析了價(jià)格及其形成，認(rèn)為價(jià)格不僅體現(xiàn)了物品的價(jià)值和供求關(guān)系，也體現(xiàn)了市場制度所決定陶產(chǎn)權(quán)莢系。產(chǎn)權(quán)理論是價(jià)格理論的基礎(chǔ)，市場交易實(shí)質(zhì)上是產(chǎn)權(quán)的交易，價(jià)格只是產(chǎn)權(quán)的標(biāo)價(jià)。因此，權(quán)利量的大小是制約價(jià)格高低的至為重要的因素。其次，本文對(duì)產(chǎn)杈學(xué)派對(duì)產(chǎn)權(quán)的理解進(jìn)行了綜述。據(jù)此，本文從產(chǎn)權(quán)的客體一物人手，對(duì)信息資源的經(jīng)漬屬性進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的分析，認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息資源的根本屬性是數(shù)字化的財(cái)產(chǎn)，具有相對(duì)非稀缺性和公共性的特點(diǎn)。隨后，本文從三個(gè)方面詳細(xì)分析了產(chǎn)權(quán)與價(jià)格的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)理。最后L上上述分析為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)免贊信息資源存在的原因進(jìn)行了分析。認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息資源的特性決定了其定價(jià)不能過高，甚至在特定的情況下會(huì)出現(xiàn)名義價(jià)格為零的現(xiàn)象。即使名義價(jià)格不是零，這些價(jià)格也會(huì)分解為兩個(gè)部分，一部分轉(zhuǎn)化為網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)費(fèi)由消費(fèi)者承擔(dān)另一部分由網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告主進(jìn)行承擔(dān)。這種分配格局是由信息資源的特性和網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)營商之間的產(chǎn)權(quán)界定所決定的。關(guān)鍵詞網(wǎng)絡(luò)，免費(fèi)資源，產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

簡介：771637飯旦大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析院專姓系經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院業(yè)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)名禁嗥琦指導(dǎo)教師羅漢副教授完成日期T2005年4月25日秉豫J85勿全文公話’學(xué)校代碼學(xué)號(hào)102460220L5IKEYWORDTRADEASSOCIATION，PRISONERS’DILEMMAGAMEMODELLIBRARYCATEGORYCODEF20ABSTRACTTRADEASSOCIATIONISONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTINSTITUTIONSINMODEMSOCIALECONOMYLIKEOTHERINSTITUTIONS，ITSGERMINATION，DEVELOPMENTANDOPERATIONISSUPPORTEDBYSOMELOGICALBASES，WHICHCONSTITUTESOBJECTIVEOFTHISARTICLETHEPROBLEMSSUCHAS“PRISONERS’DILEMMA”AREPERVASIVEINMARKETECONOMYINCLUDINGTHOSEAMONGCORPORATIONS，BETWEENPRINCIPALSANDAGENTSASWELLASBETWEENGOVERNMENTANDCORPORATIONSTHESEPROBLEMSDECREASESPAYOFFOFEACHSIDEANDIMPEDESHEALTHYOPERATIONOFECONOMYSPONTANEOUSPRIVATEORDELORGANIZEDPRIVATEORDERANDPUBLICORDERARETHREEMETHODSTORESOLVETHEPROBLEMASAFORMOFORGANIZEDPRIVATEORDEGBADEASSOCIATIONSBOASTUNIQUEADVANTAGEOFINFORMATIONPROVISIONANDBEHAVIORCOORDINATIONOVERTHEOTHERTWOMETHODSSOASTODEALWITHTHEPROBLEMMOREEFFECTIVELYANDEFFICIENTLYASIDEFROMLOGICALREASONING，WEFURTHERDESCRIBETHEFUNCTIONOFTRADEASSOCIATIONSINEXERTINGINFLUENCEONGAMESAMONGCORPORATIONS，BETWEENPRINCIPALANDAGENTASWELLASBETWEENGOVERNMENTANDCORPORATIONSRESPECTIVELYWITHTHREEGAMEMODELSTHEINTRODUCTIONOFTRADEASSOCIATIONSCHANGESPLAYERS’PAYOFFANDEVENTUALLYCHANGEDTHEIRRATIONALCHOICE，THUSABETTERRESULTISINDUCEDWITHHIGHERSOCIALWELFAREWHENITISRELATEDTOCHINESEREALITYTRADEASSOCIATIONSLACKTRADITIONOFAUTONOMYALONGTHEHISTORYSOTHEIRFUNCTIONSARELIMITEDTRADEASSOCIATIONSINTODAY’SCHINAFALLINTOTWOCATEGORIES，NAMELYINSIDESYSTEMONESTRANSFERREDFROMFORMERADMINISTRATIVEAUTHORITIESANDOUTSIDESYSTEMONESORGANIZEDBYINDIVIDUALCORPORATIONSTHEFORMERONEISPOSITIONEDTOSERVETHEINTERESTOFGOVERNMENTINSTEADOFTHATOFCORPORATIONSANDTHEREFOREFAILTOPLAYDUEFUNCTIONSOFTRADEASSOCIATIONSTHELATTERALTHOUGHNATURALLYBESTOWEDWIT上LINSTITUTIONALADVANTAGESANDFUNCTIONSISFACEDWI廿】STRICTCONSTRAINT2