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簡介：2150英文單詞，英文單詞，12000英文字符，中文英文字符，中文3290字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處KARLJB,NYCECHOWCELLPHONEBANSAFFECTAUTOMOBILEINSURANCEMARKETSJJOURNALOFRISKSAMPAIO,2010,SUGGESTINGTHATTHEENACTMENTOFLAWSLIMITINGCELLPHONEUSEWHILEDRIVINGMAYBEASSOCIATEDWITHREALPUBLICHEALTHBENEFITSOURSTUDYALSOCONSIDERSTHEEFFECTSOFTHESEHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSBUTSPECIFICALLYFOCUSESONTHEEXTENTTOWHICHTHESEBANSINFLUENCEAUTOMOBILEINSURERS’LOSSES,LOSSRATIOS,ANDPREMIUMSMORESPECIFICALLY,BECAUSEAUTOMOBILEINSURERSPAYFORMOSTOFTHELOSSESASSOCIATEDWITHAUTOMOBILEACCIDENTS,ANYCHANGESINDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSRESULTINGFROMCELLPHONEBANSSHOULDBEREFLECTEDINTHEAMOUNTOFLOSSESINCURREDBYAUTOMOBILEINSURERSWETHEREFOREEXPECTTHAT,IFLAWSRESTRICTINGTHEUSEOFCELLPHONESWHILEDRIVINGREDUCETHEFREQUENCYAND/ORSEVERITYOFTRAFFICACCIDENTSINAGIVENMARKETPLACE,AUTOMOBILEINSURERSWILLINCURFEWERLOSSESDURINGTHEPASTTHREEDECADES,CELLPHONEOWNERSHIPGREWDRAMATICALLYAMONGAMERICANSANDITISESTIMATEDTHATOVER90PERCENTOFINDIVIDUALSOWNEDACELLPHONEIN2014ASARESULT,RESEARCHERSBEGANTOCONSIDERHOWTHEPROLIFERATIONOFCELLPHONESINTHEUNITEDSTATESAFFECTEDDRIVINGPERFORMANCEANDSEVERALSTUDIESIDENTIFIEDAPOSITIVECORRELATIONBETWEENTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGANDTHERISKOFANAUTOMOBILEACCIDENT1MOTIVATEDBYTHEAPPARENTLINKBETWEENHANDHELDCELLPHONEUSEANDACCIDENTRISK,MANYPOLICYMAKERSBEGANCONSIDERINGENACTINGLAWSTHATWOULDPROHIBITDRIVERSFROMUSINGCELLPHONESWHILEOPERATINGAMOTORVEHICLETHESEPOLICYMAKERSRECOGNIZEDTHEEMPIRICALEVIDENCEINDICATINGOTHERLAWS,UNRELATEDTOCELLPHONEUSE,HADSIGNIFICANTLYCHANGEDDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSINWAYSTHATREDUCEDTHERISKOFANACCIDENTBY,FOREXAMPLE,INCREASINGSEATBELTUSEORDECREASINGDRUNKDRIVINGEG,WELLS,PREUSSER,ANDWILLIAMS,1992DINHZARRETAL,2001FARMERANDWILLIAMS,2005LAWSBANNINGTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGWEREEXPECTEDTOHAVESIMILAR,BENEFICIALEFFECTSONDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSANDTRAFFICACCIDENTSASARESULT,IN2001,NEWYORKBECAMETHEFIRSTSTATETOIMPLEMENTABANONTHEHANDHELDUSEOFCELLPHONESFORALLDRIVERS,ANDINTHEENSUINGTIME,MANYMORESTATESIMPLEMENTEDLAWSTHATRESTRICTTHEUSEOFCELLPHONESWHILEDRIVINGAVARIETYOFEMPIRICALSTUDIESEXAMINEWHETHERHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSHAVETHEDESIREDEFFECTOFCHANGINGDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSANDREDUCINGAUTOMOBILEACCIDENTSASNOTEDBYMCCARTT,KIDD,ANDTEOH2014,RESEARCHINTHISAREAISHINDEREDBYDATAAVAILABILITYANDTHEAPPROPRIATENESSOFSTUDYDESIGNSAND,CONSEQUENTLY,THEREISNOCLEARCONSENSUSINTHELITERATUREREGARDINGTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEEFFECTOFCELLPHONEBANSONDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSNEVERTHELESS,THEREEXISTSEVIDENCETHATTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGDECREASESWHENSTATESENACTLAWSPROHIBITINGTHISBEHAVIORFOREXAMPLE,MCCARTTETAL2010REPORTTHATDRIVERHANDHELDCELLPHONEUSEDECLINEDSIGNIFICANTLYINTHREESTATESTHATENACTEDHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSWHILEBRAITMANANDMCCARTT2010FINDTHATFEWERDRIVERSREPORTUSINGCELLPHONESWHILEDRIVINGINSTATESWITHHANDHELDBANSCOMPAREDTOSTATESWITHOUTBANSOTHERSTUDIESALSOSUGGESTTHATTHECHANGEINDRIVERBEHAVIORELICITEDBYHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSULTIMATELYLEADSTOREDUCTIONSINTRAFFICACCIDENTSFOREXAMPLE,NIKOLAEV,ROBBINS,ANDJACOBSON2010ANDSAMPAIO2010PROVIDEEVIDENCETHATMEANAUTOMOBILECRASHRATESDECLINEDINNEWYORKINTHETIMEPERIODAFTERTHESTATEENACTEDABANONHANDHELDCELLPHONEUSEWHILEDRIVINGINADDITION,USINGDATAPERTAININGTOAUTOMOBILEACCIDENTANDFATALITYRATESACROSSMOSTORALLOFTHESTATESINTHEUNITEDSTATES,KOLKO2009,ANYANWU2012,ANDLIMANDCHI2013ALLPROVIDESOMEDEGREEOFEMPIRICALSUPPORTFORTHENOTIONTHATHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSREDUCETRAFFICFATALITIESAND/ORTRAFFICACCIDENTSOTHERSTUDIES,EXAMININGDATAPERTAININGONLYTOASMALLNUMBEROFSTATES,FINDNOEVIDENCETHATBANNINGTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGAFFECTSDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSORACCIDENTRATESEG,TREMPELETAL,2011BHARGAVAANDPATHANIA,2013HOWEVER,WHENCONSIDEREDINITSENTIRETY,THEOVERALLEMPIRICALEVIDENCEPRESENTEDINTHELITERATUREPROVIDESANONTRIVIALAMOUNTOFSUPPORTFORTHENOTIONTHATHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSHAVEAREALEFFECTONDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSTHATULTIMATELYRESULTSINREDUCTIONSINTRAFFICACCIDENTSANDFATALITIESTHELITERATURE,HOWEVER,GENERALLYFAILSTOEXPLORETHEPOTENTIALECONOMICEFFECTSASSOCIATEDWITHHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSOURARTICLEHYPOTHESIZESTHATTHEENACTMENTOFAHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANWILLULTIMATELYRESULTINFEWERLOSSESINCURREDBYAUTOMOBILEINSURERSOPERATINGINTHEMARKETPLACEWHERETHEBANTAKESEFFECTOUREXPECTATIONISGROUNDEDINSTUDIESSUCHASFEBER,FELDMEIER,ANDCROCKER2003WHOFINDEVIDENCETHATROADSAFETYIMPROVEMENTSLEADTOREDUCTIONSINAUTOMOBILEINSURERS’CLAIMS

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簡介：6400英文單詞，英文單詞，36萬英文字符，中文萬英文字符，中文11200字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處FEIJOOC,AGUADOJM,RAMOSSMOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRYCHALLENGESANDPOLICYIMPLICATIONSJTELECOMMUNICATIONSPOLICY,2012,363212221MOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRYCHALLENGESANDPOLICYIMPLICATIONSCLAUDIOFEIJOO,JOSE′LUISGO′MEZBARROSO,JUANMIGUELAGUADO,SERGIORAMOSABSTRACTMOBILEGAMESAREAPRIMEEXAMPLEOFASUCCESSFULMOBILEAPPLICATIONANDDEMONSTRATETHEINCREASINGRANGEOFPLATFORMSFORTHEMEDIAANDENTERTAINMENTINDUSTRIESAGAINSTTHISCONVERGENTBACKGROUND,THISPAPERINTRODUCESTHEBASICFEATURESOFTHEMOBILEGAMINGMARKETANDITSINDUSTRIALECOSYSTEMTOGETHERWITHITSMAINACTORSANDACTIVITIESTHEFOCUSOFTHEPAPERLIESINTHECHALLENGESAHEADFORTHEEVOLUTIONOFMOBILEAPPLICATIONSINTOAPOTENTIALLYDOMINANTGAMEPLATFORMANDTHEPOSSIBLEDISRUPTIONSALONGTHISROADTHEDEEPPERSONALRELATIONSHIPSBETWEENUSERSANDTHEIRMOBILEDEVICESARECONSIDEREDTOFURTHEREXPLORETHELINKBETWEENMOBILEGAMES,PLAYERS’STRATEGIESANDPENDINGTECHNOECONOMICDEVELOPMENTSTHEPAPERCONCLUDESWITHABRIEFDISCUSSIONOFSOMEPOLICYOPTIONSTOASSISTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHISDOMAINKEYWORDSMOBILEGAMING；MOBILECONTENTANDAPPLICATIONS；GAMINGINDUSTRY；MOBILEECOSYSTEM1INTRODUCTIONAPPLICATIONSFORMOBILEDEVICESAREANOUTSTANDINGEXAMPLEOFTHECONVERGENCEBETWEENELECTRONICCOMMUNICATIONSANDTHEMEDIAANDENTERTAINMENTINDUSTRIESCONVERGENCEUSUALLYIMPLIESMAJOREXPECTATIONSOFNEWBUSINESSESBASEDONTHEOPPORTUNITIESOFANUNEXPLOREDDOMAINASWELLASTHEPRACTICALDIFFICULTIESINTRANSFORMINGEXISTINGMARKETSANDUNDERSTANDINGNEWPREFERENCESOFUSERSTHISISTHECASEFORMOBILEGAMINGINFACT,THEAPPEALANDOPPORTUNITIESOFTHISMARKETAREATTRACTINGINNOVATORS,ENTREPRENEURSANDMANYOLDANDNEWINDUSTRYPLAYERSTOGETHER,THESEGROUPSARERESHAPINGTHISINDUSTRYTHEREHASALSOBEENSOMEACADEMICINTERESTINTHEFIELDOFMOBILEGAMINGOR,MOREAPPROPRIATELY,INMOBILEENTERTAINMENTDURINGTHELASTDECADEHOWEVER,THEAVAILABLELITERATUREHASADOPTEDEITHERTHESOCIALMEDIAPERSPECTIVEORTHEGAMEDESIGNPERSPECTIVEAHOLISTICVIEWISSTILLLACKING,SPECIFICALLYINVIEWOFTHERECENTDEVELOPMENTSINMOBILEGAMINGTHEREISVERYRECENTACADEMICINTERESTINMOBILEPLATFORMS,INTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMOBILEAPPLICATIONSONTHESEPLATFORMS,ANDINTHEVIDEOGAMEINDUSTRYINGENERALREFERENCESPROVIDEDTHROUGHOUTTHETEXTPRESENTSOMEOFTHEMOSTRELEVANTCONTRIBUTIONSWITHREGARDTOMOBILEGAMINGHOWEVER,THEAUTHORSCONSIDERTHESPECIFICMOBILEGAMINGPERSPECTIVETOBEINSUFFICIENTLYADDRESSEDTHUSFARTHISPAPERPROVIDESANOVERVIEWOFTHESTATUSANDFUTUREPROSPECTSOFMOBILEGAMING,WITHAVIEWTOWARDPOSSIBLEPOLICYOPTIONSTHATMAYTARGETTHISAREAITSMAINAIMISTOPROVIDESOMEDIRECTIONFORFURTHERACADEMICRESEARCHONTHISTIMELYTOPICTHEMETHODOLOGYUSEDINTHISSTUDYISBASEDONDESKRESEARCHOFTHEAVAILABLELITERATUREANDTHEDATAPROVIDEDBYTHEINDUSTRY,COMPLEMENTEDBYASMALLSURVEYCONDUCTEDIN2010TOVERIFYTHESTATUSOFTHEDOMAINFROMTHEUSERS’PERSPECTIVETHEPAPERISSTRUCTUREDASFOLLOWSAFTERABRIEFSUMMARYOFTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHEMOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRY,THEMOBILEGAMEECOSYSTEMWILLBEINTRODUCEDINSOMEDETAIL,ALONGWITHTHEMAINPLAYERS’STRATEGIESANDTECHNOECONOMICMODELSASANINDICATIONOFTHESTATUSOFTHESUPPLYSIDETHEDEMANDSIDEISPRESENTEDINTHENEXTSECTIONSECTION5PRESENTSTHECHALLENGESAHEADFORGAMINGFROMCARRIERSTOHANDSETSUPPLIERSANDAPPLICATIONPROVIDERSHOWEVER,ITWASTHEAPPEARANCEOFTHEIPHONELATE2007THATDRAMATICALLYCHANGEDTHECIRCUMSTANCESOFMOBILEGAMINGTHECOMBINATIONOFNEWPOSSIBILITIESINTHEHANDSETTOUCHSCREEN,MOTIONSENSOR,PRECISELOCATIONSYSTEM,ENHANCEDDISPLAY,HEAVYSTORAGE,HIGHQUALITYAUDIO,ANDEMBEDDEDCAMERAANDTHEUBIQUITOUSCONNECTIONTOTHENETWORKALLOWEDMANYINNOVATIONS,INCLUDINGAPPLICATIONSTORES,PLAYINGONLINEWHILEONTHEMOVE,MULTIPLAYERGAMES,PLAYINGACROSSSEVERALMEDIAUSINGSOCIALNETWORKS,GAMESLINKEDWITHDEVICEMOTION,ANDLOCATIONBASEDGAMING4THEYEARS2007AND2008BROUGHTSIGNIFICANTINNOVATIONSINBUSINESSMODELSTOTHEMARKETFORINSTANCE,INTHEUK,THEOPERATORSTMOBILEANDBLYKBEGANEXPERIMENTINGWITHADVERTISINGSUPPORTEDGAMESLIKEWISE,GREYSTRIPEANDGLUMOBILE,TWOPOPULARPROVIDERSOFGAMES,OFFEREDUSERSFREEPLAYINGINEXCHANGEFOREXPOSURETOADVERTISINGTHEREWEREALSOEXAMPLESOFBLURRINGBOUNDARIESACROSSMEDIAFORINSTANCE,ANUMBEROFCOMPANIESBEGANTOUSEFACEBOOKTODISTRIBUTEGAMESTOMOBILEPLAYERSOTHERPOPULARGAMES,LIKETHESIMS,PROVIDEDADDITIONALGAMECONTENTTOBEDOWNLOADEDTOMOBILEPHONESFROM2007ON,ANUMBEROFDEVELOPMENTSTUDIOSDECIDEDTOFOCUSEXCLUSIVELYONMOBILEDEVICESINSTEADOFPORTINGEXISTINGCONSOLEORPCGAMESSINCE2008,THEMODELHASBECOMESTABLEBROWSINGFROMMOBILEDEVICESANDDOWNLOADINGFROMAPPLICATIONSTORESAREBECOMINGTHESTANDARDWAYTOCONSUMEMOBILEGAMESDUETOTHEDIFFUSIONOFHANDSETSANDTHEINCREASINGAFFORDABILITYOFMOBILEDATAPLANS,THEMOBILEPLATFORMREACHESWIDERDEMOGRAPHICSTHANEVERANDOFFERSAMPLESPACEFORTHEADAPTATIONOFEXISTINGGAMESANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWTYPESOFGAMESMOBILEDEVICESAREALREADYAVIABLEALTERNATIVETOOTHERGAMINGPLATFORMS5INADDITIONTOTHISBROADMARKETBASE,MOBILEGAMESCANMAKEINTENSIVEUSEOFTHECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGESOFTHEMOBILEPLATFORM,SUCHASCOMPLETEUBIQUITYAVAILABILITYATANYTIMEANDANYPLACE,THEHIGHESTLEVELOFPERSONALISATIONWHILEMAINTAININGCLOSECONTACTWITHSOCIALNETWORKS,AND,LOOKINGINTOTHEFUTURE,CONTEXTAWARENESSWITHLOCATIONASACURRENTANDMAINEXAMPLETHEREFORE,THEMOBILEGAMINGSCENARIOISNOLONGERTHATOFADELAYEDORMODESTEXTENSIONOFCONSOLEORPCGAMESRATHER,MOBILEGAMINGISADISTINCTUSEREXPERIENCEWITHANUMBERO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