簡介：INTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUMCOULSONANDBROMLEY,1990GISHASLONGBEENACCEPTEDASTHEMOSTAPPROPRIATESOLUTIONTOADDRESSSPATIALLYREFERENCEDDATATHEESSENCEOFGISINTHEPLANMAKINGPROCESS,QUOTINGCALKINS1972,SUGGESTEDTHAT‘BETTERPLANNINGWILLBEACHIEVEDTHROUGHBETTERINFORMATION,ANDBETTERINFORMATIONWILLNECESSARILYFLOWFROMANINFORMATIONSYSTEM’HOWEVER,GISALONECANNOTSERVEALLTHENEEDSOFPLANNINGBECAUSETHECURRENTGENERATIONOF“GENERALPURPOSE”SYSTEMSCANNOTEASILYACCOMMODATETHEPARTICULARINFORMATIONAL,COMPUTATIONAL,ANDDISPLAYNEEDSOFPLANNINGCLEARLY,PLANNINGREQUIRESIINFORMATIONTHATISEFFECTIVELY“ASPATIAL”ATAPARTICULARLEVELOFANALYSISIIINFORMATIONOVERTIMEANDIIIMEASURESOFSPATIALINTERACTIONNONEOFTHISCANBEEASILYINCORPORATEDINTOSTANDARDGISPACKAGESHARRISANDBATTY,199332PLANNINGSUPPORTSYSTEMANDDECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEMGISISAPARTOFTHEPLANNINGSUPPORTSYSTEMSPSS,WHICHALONECANSUPPORTDECISIONMAKINGANDURBANPROBLEMSOLVINGTOACONSIDERABLEEXTENTHOWEVER,PLANNERSWILLHAVETOADAPTEXISTINGGISTOOLSTOMEETTHEIRNEEDSTRADITIONALPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESCANBEUSEDTODEVELOPSPATIALANALYSISANDMODELLINGTOOLSENTIRELYINDEPENDENTOFCOMMERCIALPACKAGESACOMBINATIONOFSOPHISTICATEDGISMACROCOMMANDSANDTRADITIONALPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGECANALSOBEUSEDTODEVELOPANALYTICALMODELSCLOSELYLINKEDTOFULLFEATUREDGISTOOLKITSKLOSTERMAN,2001THEPSSWHICHISACOMBINATIONOFGISDATA,URBANMODELANDPRESENTATIONTECHNIQUEUSINGCOMPUTERFORPLANNINGSUPPORTHASBEENINCREASINGINUSEFORMOREENHANCEDENDPRODUCTSTHEINEVITABLEEVOLVEMENTOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYTOWARDSPSSMEANSTHATTHEEXPLOITATIONOFGISISMORESIGNIFICANTGISWILLSERVEFIRSTASADISPLAYANDCOMMUNICATIVEDEVICE,PRODUCINGMAPSANDCHARTSTHATDESCRIBEPASTANDPRESENTCONDITIONSANDMODELOUTPUTSTHATSUGGESTALTERNATIVEFUTURES,WHICHSUPPORTDECISIONMAKINGONTOPOFTHAT,THEDECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEMDSSISALSOKNOWNASASYSTEMINWHICHDECISIONMAKERSCOULDRELYONINMAKINGDECISIONS3

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