外文翻譯---汽車車身總布置的方法

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　Modern car’s design always stresses people-oriented, so safety, comfort, Environmental protection and energy saving have been the design theme And target in car des

2、ign. Ergonomics layout design is not only relate to the effective use of internal space and improve car’s comfort and safety Performance, but it will also impact internal and external modeling results, and further affect

3、s the vehicle's overall performance and marketability.Soergonomics’application and research during car design and de</p><p>　　Through the three typical processes such as modern vehicle developing Process

4、, body development process and using ergonomic to progress Inner auto-body layout, describe ergonomic layoationship between design, Aunt design in which stage of the process of vehicle development, the red The importance

5、 of working steps.</p><p>　　The automobile body total arrangement is the automobile design most initial is also the most essential step, is other design stage premise and the foundation, to a great extent is

6、 deciding the body design success or failure. Picks generally in the actual design process With by forward and reverse two design method</p><p>　　(1) to design (from inside to outside law) to design method n

7、amely "humanist", is coming based on the human body arrangement tool to define the pilot and the crew member gradually rides the space and the vehicle comes to pay tribute each article the arrangement, take sat

8、isfies the human body to ride with the driving comfortableness as the premise, said simply is determined first satisfies the human body to ride under the comfortable premise, carries on the indoor arrangement first, then

9、 carries </p><p>　?、貲etermine 5% and 95% manikin H position and the chair by the SAE recommendation's enjoyable line or the region law adjustment traveling schedule, seat back cushion angle; </p>

10、<p>　?、贐efore definite fixed end department space size H61 and H63, the back row rides spatial, the crosswise spatial size and so on (this a size and the modelling style are closely related, must consult the determi

11、nation repeatedly with the modelling personnel) </p><p>　　③Transfers the automobile body always to arrange the tool and to unify the inner space control size, in definite complete bikes minister, width, high

12、 size, and carries on pilot's field of vision design as well as the display board, the steering wheel and the control mechanism arrangement; </p><p>　?、蹷ased on automobile body interior arrangement deter

13、mination complete bikes external dimensions. the above step often does alternately repeatedly in the practical application process.</p><p>　　(2) the reverse design (method, is suitable in modification vehicl

14、e design the reverse design basic philosophy is from outside to inside) in refers to the same type vehicle or based on some platform foundation, designs the experience using the expert, carries on the complete bikes aber

15、ration or the modification design. Is also first determined that complete bikes's rank, always arranges the outside measurement, then based on this, carries on the automobile body indoor arrangement, with every eff&l

16、t;/p><p>　　In always arranges in the design process, the key work is determined that the decision vehicle type technical level and the modelling style always arrange the size. In the total scheme of arrangement

17、's definite process, must take satisfy the man-machine project request as the principle, rides comfortableness, the security, the operation conveniences, on to get out and so on to take the primary factor considerati

18、on conveniences. In the automobile body always arranges in the design, should conside</p><p>　　① In automobile driving security and vehicle crew member's human body preservation technology; </p>&

19、lt;p>　　② On gets out the conveniences; Vehicle door opening angle, vehicle door channel size; Vehicle doorframe mouth size; Vehicle door highly, width and thickness size; First-level steps height above terrain and pos

20、ition; The crew member takes a seat the subsequent party to extend and to close the door knob the size; The door lock inside and outside handle's shape, the size, the position, the hand extend the space and the openi

21、ng way; </p><p>　　③ Automobile inner space size and chair overall size Before and after R spot position and first R spot regulation band; Forehead space size; First, the back row place rides the space; Back

22、seat comfortable size; The crosswise spatial size (encircles take vehicle door and side as reference); </p><p>　?、?Pilot field of vision design; Direct front ground field of vision; Traffic light field of vi

23、sion; A column barrier angle; Outside rear view mirror field of vision; Immediate rear field of vision and indirect rear area field of vision; Display board field of vision; </p><p>　?、?The pilot operates th

24、e conveniences; Foot board (accelerator pedal, clutch pedal, brake pedal) position and activity space; The hand control pole (trades boring bar, hand brake lever, door window glass lifter); In the cockpit serves the part

25、 (air conditioning, radio, pole changer, light switch and so on);</p><p>　　Body layout of the whole process is characterized by physical, models, drawings, model, and so to transmit information, at least 1:5

26、 sludge model, full-size model and sludge-like vehicles such as the production stage to a 1:5 model of sludge, 1 : A full-size oil sludge model, real vehicle three wind tunnel tests; body but also the raw data for the bo

27、dy to retain the main drawing board, the main body model. With the development of computer technology, high-speed graphics workstations and the emer</p><p>　　Therefore, the establishment of a car body comput

28、er-aided design and analysis methods - virtual prototype design of great significance. A virtual prototype car body design, is an innovative product development process, shorten the cycle to reduce costs, improve product

29、 design quality, improve the efficiency of product development effective way. A virtual prototype design, manufacturing in the first physical prototype before, using computer simulation model to test various design optio

30、ns, manufac</p><p>　　汽車車身總布置的方法</p><p>　　現(xiàn)代轎車設(shè)計(jì)處處強(qiáng)調(diào)以人為本，安全、舒適、環(huán)保、節(jié)能一直是轎車設(shè)計(jì)的主題和追求的目標(biāo)。人機(jī)工程布置設(shè)計(jì)不僅關(guān)系到有效利用車內(nèi)空間及提高乘坐舒適性、安全性，而且還會(huì)影響到整車內(nèi)外造型效果，進(jìn)一步影響整車的總體性能和商品性，所以人機(jī)工程學(xué)在轎車設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中的應(yīng)用研究占據(jù)著重要的地位。我國(guó)汽車工業(yè)經(jīng)過(guò)50多年

31、的建設(shè)與成長(zhǎng)，已成為世界上主要汽車生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國(guó)。特別是自主品牌汽車的崛起和飛速發(fā)展，對(duì)汽車產(chǎn)品研發(fā)流程和布置硬點(diǎn)的技術(shù)要求越來(lái)越重視并引起了足夠的關(guān)注。</p><p>　　本文旨在根據(jù)人機(jī)工程學(xué)理論、國(guó)內(nèi)外標(biāo)準(zhǔn)法規(guī)和技術(shù)要求以及在設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)工作中積累的數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)轎車人機(jī)工程布置設(shè)計(jì)主要項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行研究和實(shí)車設(shè)計(jì)，并給出設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)值及評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，為新車型開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)提供理論依據(jù)。</p><p&g

32、t;　　通過(guò)現(xiàn)代轎車整車開(kāi)發(fā)流程，車身開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程和應(yīng)用人機(jī)工程學(xué)進(jìn)行車身室內(nèi)布置設(shè)計(jì)的程序框圖等三個(gè)典型流程，說(shuō)明了人機(jī)工程布置設(shè)計(jì)在整車開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中所處的階段、與造型設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)系、重要性和工作步驟。</p><p>　　汽車車身總布置是汽車設(shè)計(jì)最初始也是最關(guān)鍵的步驟，是其它設(shè)計(jì)階段的前提基礎(chǔ)，在很大程度上決定著車身設(shè)計(jì)的成敗。在實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中一般采用由正向和反向兩種設(shè)計(jì)方法：</p><p>

33、　?。?）正向設(shè)計(jì)（從內(nèi)到外法）</p><p>　　正向設(shè)計(jì)方法即“以人為本”，依據(jù)人體布置工具來(lái)逐步地定義駕駛員和乘員的乘坐空間和車內(nèi)附件件的布置，以滿足人體乘坐和駕駛舒適性為前提，簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)就是先確定滿足人體乘坐舒適性的前提下，先進(jìn)行室內(nèi)布置，然后再進(jìn)行整車外部造型設(shè)計(jì)。具體方法和步驟如下：</p><p>　?、儆蒘AE推薦的適意線或區(qū)域法來(lái)確定5%和95%人體模型的H點(diǎn)位置及座椅&

34、lt;/p><p><b>　　調(diào)節(jié)行程、靠背角；</b></p><p>　　②確定定頭部空間尺寸H61和H63、前后排乘坐空間、橫向空間尺寸等（這</p><p>　　些尺寸與造型風(fēng)格密切相關(guān)，需與造型人員反復(fù)協(xié)商確定）</p><p>　?、壅{(diào)用車身總布置工具并結(jié)合內(nèi)部空間控制尺寸，確定整車內(nèi)部長(zhǎng)、寬、</p&g

35、t;<p>　　高尺寸，并進(jìn)行駕駛員的視野設(shè)計(jì)以及儀表板、方向盤(pán)和操縱機(jī)構(gòu)的布置；</p><p>　?、芤罁?jù)車身內(nèi)部布置確定整車外形尺寸。</p><p>　　在實(shí)際應(yīng)用過(guò)程中上述的步驟往往是反復(fù)交叉進(jìn)行。</p><p>　?。?）反向設(shè)計(jì)（從外到內(nèi)法，適用于改型車設(shè)計(jì)）</p><p>　　反向設(shè)計(jì)的基本思想是在參考同類型

36、車或基于某一平臺(tái)的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用專家設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，進(jìn)行整車變型或改型設(shè)計(jì)。也就是優(yōu)先確定整車的級(jí)別、總布置外部尺寸，然后在此基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行車身室內(nèi)布置，盡最大可能合理地滿足整車舒適性、視野性及操縱方便性。實(shí)際上這是一種從零開(kāi)始的設(shè)計(jì)方法,需要反復(fù)設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)代汽車設(shè)計(jì)多采用這種從外到內(nèi)的布置方法，一般首先選定幾款與預(yù)設(shè)</p><p>　　計(jì)車型類似（款式、整車尺寸、動(dòng)力性

37、、經(jīng)濟(jì)性）競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車型，并采用現(xiàn)有底盤(pán)</p><p>　　平臺(tái)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化（安全性、舒適性、動(dòng)力性及經(jīng)濟(jì)性等），然后進(jìn)行造型設(shè)計(jì)、內(nèi)外表面CAS設(shè)計(jì)、CLASSA（A級(jí)表面模型設(shè)計(jì)），最后確定整車典型斷面、整車車身結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p>　　在總布置設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，重點(diǎn)工作是確定決定車型技術(shù)水平和造型風(fēng)格的總布置尺寸。在總布置方案的確定過(guò)程中，必須以滿足人機(jī)工程要求為原則，把乘坐舒適性、安全性、

38、操作方便性、上下車方便性等作為主要因素考慮。在車身總布置設(shè)計(jì)中，應(yīng)該充分考慮人—車—路系統(tǒng)的綜合優(yōu)化。合理的人機(jī)工程布置設(shè)計(jì)，不僅關(guān)系到有效的利用車內(nèi)空間及提高乘坐舒適性，會(huì)影響車內(nèi)、外部造型和整車尺寸參數(shù)，進(jìn)一步會(huì)影響整車性能和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。人體工程設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求是操縱方便和舒適性，即盡最大可能的滿足不同身材和姿勢(shì)的駕駛者對(duì)操縱件的手足伸及性與姿勢(shì)舒適性以及視野性的要求。人機(jī)工程設(shè)計(jì)主要借助于SAE的方法和工具。在汽車設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用有如下

39、幾方面：</p><p>　?、倨囆熊嚢踩约败噧?nèi)乘員的人體保護(hù)技術(shù)；</p><p><b>　?、谏舷萝嚪奖阈?；</b></p><p>　　a車門(mén)開(kāi)度角、車門(mén)通道尺寸</p><p><b>　　b車門(mén)框口尺寸</b></p><p>　　c車門(mén)的高度、寬度和厚度尺寸

40、</p><p>　　d一級(jí)踏步離地高度及位置</p><p>　　f乘員入座后手伸及關(guān)門(mén)把手的尺寸</p><p>　　g門(mén)鎖內(nèi)外手柄的形狀、尺寸、位置、手伸空間和開(kāi)啟方式</p><p>　?、燮噧?nèi)部空間尺寸和座椅輪廓尺寸</p><p>　　a前、后R點(diǎn)的位置及前R點(diǎn)的調(diào)節(jié)范圍</p><p

41、><b>　　b頭部空間尺寸</b></p><p>　　c前、后排座乘坐空間</p><p><b>　　d后座舒適性尺寸</b></p><p>　　f橫向空間尺寸（以車門(mén)和側(cè)圍為參考）</p><p><b>　?、荞{駛員視野設(shè)計(jì)</b></p>&l

42、t;p><b>　　a直接前方地面視野</b></p><p><b>　　b交通燈視野</b></p><p><b>　　c A柱障礙角</b></p><p><b>　　d外后視鏡視野</b></p><p>　　f直接后方視野及間接后方視野

43、</p><p><b>　　g儀表板視野</b></p><p><b>　?、蓠{駛員操縱方便性</b></p><p>　　a腳踏板（油門(mén)踏板、離合器踏板、制動(dòng)踏板）的位置和活動(dòng)空間</p><p>　　b手操縱桿（換擋桿、手制動(dòng)桿、車門(mén)玻璃升降桿）</p><p>　　

44、c駕駛艙內(nèi)服務(wù)元件（空調(diào)、收音機(jī)、轉(zhuǎn)向開(kāi)關(guān)、燈光開(kāi)關(guān)等）</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)汽車車身設(shè)計(jì)的整個(gè)過(guò)程是基于手工設(shè)計(jì)完成的。分為初步設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)階段。特點(diǎn)是整個(gè)過(guò)程是通過(guò)實(shí)物、模型、圖紙、樣板等來(lái)傳遞信息的，至少要進(jìn)行1:5油泥模型、全尺寸油泥模型和樣車制作等階段; 還要進(jìn)行1:5油泥模型、1:1全尺寸油泥模型、實(shí)車三次風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn); 還要進(jìn)行車身原始數(shù)據(jù)保留的車身主圖板、車身主模型制作。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展

45、，高速圖形終端和工作站的出現(xiàn)，引進(jìn)了CAD/CAM等現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法在車身設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用。這種方法（傳統(tǒng)的車身CAD方法）的一個(gè)主要工作是利用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助幾何設(shè)計(jì)(CAGD)方法來(lái)進(jìn)行車身幾何造型設(shè)計(jì)，即要在計(jì)算機(jī)上建立一個(gè)車身表面模型以取代傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中的三維實(shí)體模型。但無(wú)論是傳統(tǒng)的手工設(shè)計(jì)方法，還是傳統(tǒng)的車身CAD設(shè)計(jì)方法，都免不了進(jìn)行車身效果圖繪制、車身油泥實(shí)物型模型制作等步聚，這就大大增加了設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)的周期和成本。</p>&l

46、t;p>　　因此，建立一種汽車車身計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和分析的方法——虛擬樣機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方法意義重大。汽車車身采用虛擬樣機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)方法，是一種革新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程、縮短周期降低成本、改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量、提高產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)效率的有效途徑。采用虛擬樣機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方法，在制造第一臺(tái)物理樣機(jī)之前，利用計(jì)算機(jī)模型可以仿真測(cè)試各種不同的設(shè)計(jì)方案，不必浪費(fèi)制造物理樣機(jī)所需的時(shí)間與經(jīng)費(fèi)，可以獲得較優(yōu)的乃至最優(yōu)的設(shè)計(jì)方案；同時(shí)可以在計(jì)算機(jī)上方便地確定、修改設(shè)計(jì)缺陷，逐步優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方