城市規(guī)劃專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)_外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Spatial Planning System of National Territory in Japan，China and Korea</p><p>　　日本、中國(guó)和韓國(guó)的國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃體系</p><p>　　Kyungrock YE, Jun-hua ZHANG, Takeshi KINOSHITA, Xing-yan WANG </

2、p><p>　　Abstract: This study conducted the national territory planning system of Japan, China and Korea, on a premise to discuss possibility of integrated spatial planning of Eastern Asia. The purpose of this s

3、tudy is to arrange major spatial plans of three countries according to classification of urban and non-urban area, and to clarifying role of each spatial plan.。</p><p>　　文摘:本研究是在進(jìn)行中國(guó)、日本、韓國(guó)的國(guó)土規(guī)劃體系前提下,探討整個(gè)亞洲東部

4、的綜合空間規(guī)劃的可能性。本研究的目的是根據(jù)城市區(qū)域和非城市區(qū)域的分類，明確大空間計(jì)劃下三個(gè)國(guó)家在規(guī)劃中所扮演的角色。</p><p>　　As a result, Korea, the smallest country among three countries, has one system on land use, development and conservation, considering whole

5、 national territory to be one city planning area, and a role and relation of each spatial plan is comparatively clear. On the other hand, China, the largest country among three countries, although a role and relation of

6、each spatial plan are clear in urban area, a general recognition for necessity of non-urban area planning is weak. In case of Japan, the char</p><p>　　最終,作為最小國(guó)家的韓國(guó),已擁有一個(gè)針對(duì)土地使用、發(fā)展與保護(hù)的體系,它把整個(gè)國(guó)家領(lǐng)土是一個(gè)城市規(guī)劃區(qū)考慮，每個(gè)空

7、間的規(guī)劃的角色和關(guān)系較為清楚。另一方面,作為最大國(guó)家的中國(guó),盡管市區(qū)的空間規(guī)劃是很明確，但人們對(duì)非城市的空間規(guī)劃重視程度都非常薄弱。在日本，空間規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)對(duì)城市區(qū)域和非城市地區(qū)的劃分原則跟中國(guó)是非常相似的 ,這兩種類型的空間規(guī)劃幾乎沒(méi)有必然的關(guān)系。</p><p>　　Key words: National territory plan; Japan; China; Korea; Spatial planning;

8、 Eastern Asia Community.</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞:國(guó)土規(guī)劃;日本、中國(guó)、韓國(guó)、空間規(guī)劃、東亞共同體。</p><p>　　Recently it is frequently discussed on the Eastern Asia Community. This is still mainly focused on the economy, but in en

9、vironmental aspect we also have some common serious problems ,e.g.sustainable development, bio-diversity, outstanding landscape/nature conservation, balanced development of town and country, cultural assets conservation/

10、utilization and several environmental problems. In order to settle these subjects, it is important not only to challenge by each country but also to prepare a </p><p>　　最近東亞共同體經(jīng)常被討論，主要關(guān)注仍然是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題,但在環(huán)保方面我們也有一些常

11、見的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題需要解決,如可持續(xù)發(fā)展、生物多樣性、優(yōu)秀景觀、自然保護(hù)、城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、環(huán)境問(wèn)題等。解決這些問(wèn)題,重要的不僅是對(duì)每個(gè)國(guó)家的挑戰(zhàn),而是需要準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)常見的全面覆蓋整個(gè)亞洲的空間規(guī)劃的框架。</p><p>　　This study was done to clarify the similarities and differences of national territory plannin

12、g system of Japan, China and Korea as a first step to discuss on the subjects and possibilities of comprehensive Eastern Asian spatial planning. Until now the national territory planning system of Japan and Korea have al

13、ready been studied , but the comparative study between three countries including China from the viewpoint of spatial planning has never seen before. We used mainly related literatures on </p><p>　　本研究之目的：第一步

14、是明確日本、中國(guó)和韓國(guó)的國(guó)土規(guī)劃體系的異同,討論綜合東亞空間規(guī)劃的課題和可能性。迄今為止,日本和韓國(guó)的國(guó)土規(guī)劃體系已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了比較研究階段,但從空間規(guī)劃的角度對(duì)三個(gè)國(guó)家的比較研究還未進(jìn)行。我們主要在每一個(gè)國(guó)家的規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)、政府的官方網(wǎng)站上闡明了本篇研究的目的。我們按照整個(gè)大空間規(guī)劃把每個(gè)國(guó)家分為國(guó)家、地區(qū)、城市區(qū)域和非城市區(qū)域四類,討論垂直和水平的關(guān)系。</p><p>　　1 National Terri

15、tory Planning System of Japan</p><p>　　The Comprehensive National Development Act(1950), Land Use Planning Act(1974) and City Planning Act (1968) support Japanese major spatial planning (Table 1). These are

16、all under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Land, infrastructure and Transport. The CNDP provides tong-range visions on nation-wide land use, development and conservation, social overhead capital, and a traffic policy.

17、 According this plan, the CPDP and MLP are to be prepared. The Plans provided by Land Use Planning Act includes </p><p>　　一、日本的國(guó)土規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　綜合國(guó)家發(fā)展行動(dòng)(1950年)、土地利用總體規(guī)劃(1974年)和城市規(guī)劃條例(1968)都支持日本主要

18、的空間規(guī)劃(表1)。這些都是其管轄下的土地、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、運(yùn)輸。CNDP提供在全國(guó)土地利用、保護(hù)和發(fā)展、社會(huì)資本,交通政策的概念規(guī)劃。根據(jù)該規(guī)劃,CPDP和MLP已經(jīng)開始準(zhǔn)備。這個(gè)能提供土地利用總體規(guī)劃的計(jì)劃包括對(duì)國(guó)家土地利用分類的PLP和 NLP和對(duì)縣級(jí)土地利用分成五類(鎮(zhèn)、農(nóng)、林、天然公園和自然保護(hù)區(qū))的LUMP。圖1顯示了兩個(gè)在國(guó)家和地區(qū)的水平上主要的空間計(jì)劃的行為,但這種關(guān)系和角色被行為和計(jì)劃分享，市區(qū)和非市區(qū)域的代表計(jì)劃是由土地利

19、用總體規(guī)劃的的MLP和城市規(guī)劃的CP,但二者之間的關(guān)系尚不清楚,其實(shí)只有CP扮演著關(guān)鍵的角色來(lái)控制土地使用。很明顯,日本國(guó)土規(guī)劃分為NLP和CP，而區(qū)域規(guī)劃的影響是較小的。因此,市區(qū)主要由三個(gè)行為控制,而其他的非市區(qū)是依靠其它相關(guān)的行為。LUMP對(duì)這個(gè)地區(qū)的分類支持主管部門和行為,并單獨(dú)應(yīng)用于各區(qū)域計(jì)劃中。換句話說(shuō),日本國(guó)土規(guī)劃強(qiáng)調(diào)城市地區(qū)的計(jì)劃和非地區(qū)并沒(méi)有全面結(jié)合相關(guān)計(jì)劃,區(qū)域規(guī)劃還相對(duì)薄弱。</p><p>

20、;　　2.National Territory Planning System of China</p><p>　　The Land Management Act (1986), City Planning Act (1989), and the Village and Country Planning Regulations (1993) support Chinese major spatial plann

21、ing. The competent ministries are classified into the Ministry of Land and Resources , the Ministry of Construction , and the National Development and Reform Commission. Under the Land Management Act the administrative a

22、uthorities (upper level of prefecture) prepare the CNLUP to classify the future land use and control, to regulate net volume of con</p><p>　　By the way in the letter of each act it is prescribed that the VCP

23、 has to adjust itself to CP and CLUP, and the CF has to adjust itself to the CLUP and RP, but actually false setting has occurred frequently because of a difficulties of planning adjustment between different ministries a

24、nd unclear share of the role between these plans. On the other hand, the administrative authorities upper level of prefecture has a responsibility to prepare each plan, thus it is said that there is much repetition</p

25、><p>　　As a result, in the national territory.planning there are similar planning concepts as much as the number of competent ministries, possibility to become a repetition plan is high. This planning system ma

26、ke covering both town and country area has already been established, but each plan is tend to be bound to an administrative authority, therefore a general idea such as RP is need to spread, that can adjust the matters in

27、 wide area covering some provinces and in medium area covering some cities an</p><p>　　二、中國(guó)的國(guó)土規(guī)劃體系</p><p>　　土地管理行為(1986)、城市規(guī)劃條例(1989)、村莊和國(guó)家規(guī)劃法規(guī)(1993)支持中國(guó)主要的空間規(guī)劃。主管部門分為國(guó)土資源部、建設(shè)部、國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)。根據(jù)土地管理

28、法的行政當(dāng)局（縣上級(jí)）擬訂CNLUP分類未來(lái)的土地利用和控制、規(guī)范施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的凈體積、保護(hù)農(nóng)田。根據(jù)城市規(guī)劃法，NTCP提供了城市的遠(yuǎn)期層次的人口規(guī)模,從整個(gè)城市的綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)與資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略高度規(guī)劃國(guó)土面積。 CP是由ComP（指出今后的發(fā)展方向和土地使用單位的行政上級(jí)縣），DP（這是該區(qū)面積編寫），和DEP（提供其他細(xì)節(jié)項(xiàng)目）。VCP提供鄉(xiāng)村和國(guó)家的發(fā)展方向和安置計(jì)劃的生產(chǎn)和生活設(shè)施，如交通，災(zāi)害預(yù)防，商業(yè)和綠化等，加

29、強(qiáng)地方認(rèn)同。RP是一個(gè)涵蓋了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的廣泛多元的行政區(qū)劃區(qū)規(guī)劃，協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和資源管理，就好像'長(zhǎng)江三角洲地區(qū)計(jì)劃'。這個(gè)計(jì)劃的可能性，以發(fā)揮廣域（理論上整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中的作用）超出目標(biāo)之間的城市規(guī)模，交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，利用、開發(fā)和資源保護(hù)等規(guī)劃調(diào)整行政區(qū)域，但作為一個(gè)空間計(jì)劃，力度和管理基礎(chǔ)相對(duì)薄弱。 </p><p>　　另外，每一個(gè)字母的方式行為是受到規(guī)定的，VCP必須調(diào)整自己CP和CLUP，并且

30、CF要調(diào)整自己的CLUP和RP，但實(shí)際上錯(cuò)誤經(jīng)常發(fā)生，因?yàn)榻?jīng)?；I劃困難調(diào)整各部委之間和它們之間的共享計(jì)劃的作用尚不清楚。另一方面，行政當(dāng)局縣上層有責(zé)任準(zhǔn)備每個(gè)計(jì)劃，因此有人說(shuō)，有很多重復(fù)的計(jì)劃，但是，幾乎整個(gè)國(guó)家領(lǐng)土（包括城市地區(qū)和非城市地區(qū)）密切受這些CP和VCP的影響（表1）。 </p><p>　　因此，在國(guó)家國(guó)土規(guī)劃上有類似的規(guī)劃概念跟主管部門的數(shù)目一樣多，從而重復(fù)的計(jì)劃也變得非常高。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)使規(guī)劃覆蓋城

31、市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)都已經(jīng)建立，但每個(gè)計(jì)劃往往被綁定到一個(gè)行政機(jī)關(guān)，因此，一個(gè)總體思路如RP是發(fā)揚(yáng)的，可以調(diào)整包括一些省在內(nèi)的大區(qū)域，和包括一個(gè)區(qū)域及市的區(qū)域。</p><p>　　3 National Territory Planning System of Korea</p><p>　　The Korean system is simpler than the Japanese and th

32、e Chinese one, reflecting small national territory. Major spatial planning related acts are the Framework Act of National Territory(2002) and the Act on Planning and Use of National Territory (2002) ， and the competent a

33、uthority is the Ministry of Construction and Transport only. Plans provided by these two acts completely share in responsibility. The CNTP provides fundamental and long-range policies on the nation/ region/municipality&#

34、39;s develo</p><p>　　As a result the Korean planning system became simple structure, but the strict relation Between a higher plan and a lower plan may bring standardization and stiffening of planning.theref

35、ore it become basic subjects how to surpass the simple way of thinking of city planning system, how to apply other related plans and local and national identity into plans, and how to integrate/use effectively ministries

36、' viewpoints.</p><p>　　三、韓國(guó)國(guó)土規(guī)劃體系 </p><p>　　韓國(guó)系統(tǒng)要比日本和中國(guó)的簡(jiǎn)單些，反映了小國(guó)家的領(lǐng)土。主要空間規(guī)劃的有關(guān)行為，是國(guó)家領(lǐng)土（2002年）和規(guī)劃與國(guó)家領(lǐng)土（2002年），而主管機(jī)關(guān)僅僅是建筑部和交通運(yùn)輸部。這兩個(gè)計(jì)劃所提供的行為完全分擔(dān)責(zé)任。CNTP利用土地資源、預(yù)防災(zāi)害和環(huán)境的保護(hù)和改善等，對(duì)國(guó)家、地區(qū)、直轄市的發(fā)展方向和未來(lái)

37、的形象提供根本和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)政策，RP（由規(guī)劃和使用法規(guī)定管理的國(guó)土）是個(gè)全面計(jì)劃，涵蓋廣泛的區(qū)域（如果有必要即設(shè)置）擴(kuò)大到好幾個(gè)城市和縣，旨在大規(guī)模地在城市功能分擔(dān)責(zé)任，開放空間規(guī)劃、環(huán)境規(guī)劃、景觀規(guī)劃。CP（包括市區(qū)）和COP（包括非地區(qū)的城市）是長(zhǎng)期提供全面的空間規(guī)劃，兩個(gè)計(jì)劃包括一個(gè)總體規(guī)劃和管理計(jì)劃. CMP 和COMP提供指導(dǎo)和土地利用，開發(fā)和保護(hù)以及CMaF和COMAP是他們的目標(biāo)進(jìn)行管理。計(jì)劃之間的一致性，就像頂部和底部的關(guān)系。

38、COP和其他部委的關(guān)系是明確的。此外，CP和CoP作為主管行政區(qū)域空間規(guī)劃體系較高的位置對(duì)一個(gè)城市甚至國(guó)家進(jìn)行綜合規(guī)劃。韓國(guó)作為一個(gè)小國(guó)，對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村的采用不同的規(guī)劃制度，以帶來(lái)的非城市地區(qū)的環(huán)境或景觀發(fā)展，因此它使得2002年運(yùn)用城市規(guī)劃下建立新的行為非市區(qū)成為可能</p><p>　　因此，韓國(guó)計(jì)劃體制成為結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，但嚴(yán)格意義上，較高和較低的計(jì)劃可能帶來(lái)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，因此基本問(wèn)題是如何超越了城市規(guī)劃體系，思考如何

39、適用其他相關(guān)的計(jì)劃和地方、國(guó)家計(jì)劃，以及如何簡(jiǎn)單方法整合、使用部委的觀點(diǎn)。 </p><p>　　4 Conclusions</p><p>　　(1)Acts and competent ministries related national territory plan: One may say that Japan and China have similar planning sy

40、stem, as .showing (Fig.l) when there is plural acts that support national territory plan, the relation between plans and a role of each ministry should be made clear.</p><p>　　(2)Vertical relation of plans:

41、China and Korea has comparatively clear vertical relation between plans because they both have strong nature to transmit planning policy from top to bottom. However, an each plan of China was strictly bound to administra

42、tive unit and in Japan the role of semi-wide area planning is relatively weak. In the future, setting wide-area planning beyond single administrative unit would be possible to connect effectively the higher plans and the

43、 lower plans,according to eco</p><p>　　(3)Spatial area covered by national territory plan: In Japan the area covered by a certain comprehensive plan is actually limited to city planning area (CPA). Spatial p

44、lanning does not cover almost non-CPA area; therefore comprehensive environmental or landscape improvement from a viewpoint of multi-directions is possibly difficult.</p><p>　　(4)Weight of planning: We might

45、 say Japan puts the weight of planning to urban area, and Korea, theoretically, puts the weight to both urban and rural area equally. In China, nowadays the weight of planning is particularly on tile urban area with high

46、 economic growth. However it is important tasks to establish non-urban area's comprehensive planning in three countries, in other words, to conserve their own nature, culture and landscapes of non-urban area, strengt

47、hening local identity and origina</p><p>　　Through this study, we can refer that there is a big relation between the size of national territory and a character of the planning system. Wider national territor

48、y has more multistage administrative unit, and the planning phase also tends to become more complicated. If we assumed the Eastern Asian Spatial Planning as one community, the subjects would be wider regional tasks like

49、nature/environment/biosphere/cultural area conservation, economical and social interchange, and strategic traffic ro</p><p><b>　　4結(jié)論：</b></p><p>　?。?）行為和國(guó)家有關(guān)部委主管領(lǐng)土的計(jì)劃：可以說(shuō)，日本和中國(guó)有類似的規(guī)劃

50、體系。如（Fig.l）顯示，當(dāng)有計(jì)劃支持國(guó)家領(lǐng)土復(fù)數(shù)行為，每個(gè)部門的關(guān)系和作用應(yīng)該明確。 </p><p>　?。?）垂直關(guān)系的計(jì)劃：中國(guó)和韓國(guó)之間的計(jì)劃縱向關(guān)系比較明確，因?yàn)樗鼈兌季哂泻軓?qiáng)的性質(zhì)，規(guī)劃政策從上倒下貫穿。但是，在中國(guó)每個(gè)行政部門的計(jì)劃被嚴(yán)格約束而在日本的規(guī)劃的作用相對(duì)較弱。今后，根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和自然條件有可能設(shè)置超出單一的行政單元規(guī)劃來(lái)有效地連接近遠(yuǎn)計(jì)劃。 </p><p>

51、;　?。?）空間面積覆蓋全國(guó)領(lǐng)土的計(jì)劃：在日本某地區(qū)綜合計(jì)劃實(shí)際上是僅限于城市規(guī)劃區(qū)（注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師）?？臻g規(guī)劃不包括幾乎非注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師地區(qū)，因此從多方向角度的改善全面的環(huán)境或景觀可能是困難的。 </p><p>　?。?）規(guī)劃重點(diǎn)：我們可以說(shuō)，日本提出了在城市規(guī)劃區(qū)內(nèi)的重點(diǎn)，韓國(guó)理論上提出了同等重視城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)。在中國(guó)，現(xiàn)在的重點(diǎn)是規(guī)劃與城市經(jīng)濟(jì)高增長(zhǎng)相協(xié)調(diào)。然而，它的重要任務(wù)是建立在三個(gè)國(guó)家的非城市地區(qū)的綜合規(guī)劃

52、，換句話說(shuō)，要保護(hù)自己的自然、文化和非市區(qū)景觀，加強(qiáng)地方認(rèn)同和獨(dú)創(chuàng)性。 </p><p>　　通過(guò)這項(xiàng)研究，我們可以參考，一個(gè)國(guó)家領(lǐng)土之間的大小和規(guī)劃體系的特點(diǎn)有很大關(guān)系。更廣泛的國(guó)家領(lǐng)土上有更多的多級(jí)行政單位和規(guī)劃階段，也往往使其變得更加復(fù)雜。如果我們假定東亞空間規(guī)劃為一個(gè)社會(huì)，則環(huán)境、生物圈、文化保護(hù)區(qū)，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)交流，交通路線和戰(zhàn)略等學(xué)科將會(huì)有更廣泛的任務(wù)?？紤]到這些主題，這將是今后需要收集有關(guān)資料，以研究

53、跨越國(guó)家邊界地帶東亞地區(qū)。</p><p>　　References:</p><p>　　[1] M. Li and 1. Sakamoto. 2003. A Comparative study on the Urban planning system of large cities in China.JCP Institute. 38(3):301-306</p><

54、;p>　　[2] K. Ye and T. Kinoshita. 2005. A Comparative Study on the Development System of the National Territory and Related Acts in Japan and Korea. Journal of the JLA. 68(5):859-8132-</p><p>　　[3]中國(guó)城市規(guī)畫設(shè)計(jì)

55、研究院(2004).城市規(guī)畫資料集1,2.中國(guó)建設(shè)工業(yè)出版社</p><p>　　[4]胡序威.我國(guó)區(qū)域規(guī)劃的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)與面臨問(wèn)題http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zwjjpl/qysd/t20050616-7758.htm-(2005-06-16 16:39)</p><p>　　[5]中國(guó)財(cái)富的聚寶盆.長(zhǎng)三角的國(guó)家使命.http://www. ndrc.gov.cn/zwj