供熱專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　附錄A </b></p><p>　　近幾年來我市城市建設(shè)飛速發(fā)展，極大地推動了集中供熱事業(yè)的進(jìn)步。在建設(shè)大型集中供熱站的同時，對于有條件進(jìn)行改造的舊有供熱站，擴(kuò)大供熱規(guī)模。增加供熱面積，滿足日益增長的供熱需求是加快我市集中供熱事業(yè)快速發(fā)展的一個重要方面。</p><p>　　首先本文對原供熱站鍋爐房周圍環(huán)境及改造工程的難度做了分析，提出

2、了初步設(shè)計方案，并采取公眾參與的方式，即對周圍居民及居委會以問卷調(diào)查的形式，收集公眾代表及相關(guān)部門代表對工程改造的意見，盡量減小對周圍環(huán)境的影響，結(jié)果充分證明了此項工程的可行性。然后對鍋爐房熱力系統(tǒng)、設(shè)備等進(jìn)行選型、設(shè)計，分析鍋爐房運(yùn)行管理問題，并針對運(yùn)行中各種污染源的控制與管理提出了有效的措施。最后從能源合理利用的角度分析并得出結(jié)論:該項改造工程是一項改善人民生活水平、效益長遠(yuǎn)、造福人民的有益工程。</p><p&

3、gt;　　國內(nèi)計量供熱采暖系統(tǒng)綜述:</p><p>　　目前發(fā)展較快的區(qū)域鍋爐集中供暖，其優(yōu)越性已被普遍認(rèn)識，相對眾多小鍋爐房的分散供暖模式，它具有節(jié)能顯著、占地省、降低粉塵噪聲煙氣污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，更主要的是可以提高鍋爐每噸位的供熱面積，以往供熱受其它能源種類的制約，基本上都是以煤做為燃料，隨著石油、天然氣的不斷開發(fā)和電力供應(yīng)的充足以及其它能源，如地?zé)?、核供熱等的出現(xiàn)，使各種能源進(jìn)入供熱行業(yè)成為可能。在集中供熱的基

4、礎(chǔ)上利用當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)犭姀S進(jìn)行供熱，稱為熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)供熱，這種供熱方式即具有節(jié)約能源、改善環(huán)境，又提高了供熱質(zhì)量的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　地?zé)嶙鳛橐环N低品質(zhì)能源用于采暖供熱有著占地面積小、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低、資源綜合利用收益大，資金回收快的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，尤其是對大氣污染極小，改善了城市大氣環(huán)境，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展，提高人民生活水平，且具有較高的能源利用率，但由于受地?zé)釛l件的限制，加之部分地?zé)岽嬖谥疁仄图案g嚴(yán)重等問題，阻礙了它的發(fā)展。&l

5、t;/p><p>　　隨著供熱作為商品進(jìn)入市場，計量供熱成為必然趨勢。它是社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。多年來，傳統(tǒng)的按面積收費(fèi)必然要被計量收費(fèi)所取代，這即是一種趨勢，又是國家建筑節(jié)能“九五”計劃的發(fā)展目標(biāo)，是適應(yīng)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)要求的一大改革，是節(jié)約能源的重要措施之一。要實現(xiàn)供熱采暖系統(tǒng)按熱量分戶計量，用戶能自行調(diào)節(jié)室溫并保持用戶要求的范圍是采暖按熱量分別計量供熱的基礎(chǔ)，即室內(nèi)采暖系統(tǒng)必須具有可調(diào)節(jié)性?，F(xiàn)就目前計

6、量供熱有以下幾種主要方式及其特點(diǎn)分析如下。</p><p>　　生產(chǎn)過程中可能對人體危害的主要設(shè)備是鍋爐。為此，所選用的鍋爐安全附件齊全、可靠，并嚴(yán)格遵守《鍋爐房設(shè)計規(guī)范》及《熱水鍋爐安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程》的規(guī)定進(jìn)行設(shè)計。如:保證系統(tǒng)最高點(diǎn)不產(chǎn)生汽化，水泵定壓值為0.4MPa-0.45MPaa循環(huán)水泵進(jìn)出口總管間聯(lián)有帶止回閥的旁路，防止停電時對水泵造成沖擊。停電時有自來水補(bǔ)水，P]水管裝有安全閥可泄壓。鍋爐房按丁類廠

7、房，耐火等級為二級，抗震設(shè)防烈度為7度來設(shè)計，屋頂采用輕型屋頂。</p><p>　　鍋爐采用負(fù)壓運(yùn)行，防止煙氣及火焰外噴，爐膛負(fù)壓為一20一一40Pa.鍋爐 除 渣 為濕式重型鏈條除渣機(jī)，儲于沉渣池，用單軌抓斗起重機(jī)裝車，減輕工人勞動強(qiáng)度，煤場為封閉式，設(shè)有灑水栓，輸煤采用埋刮板密封式輸煤，不會影響工人身體健康。鼓 、引 風(fēng) 機(jī)設(shè)減震架，進(jìn)出口管上裝撓性接頭，避免噪聲對人體的傷害。鍋爐給水全部經(jīng)過軟化和除氧處理

8、，處理后水質(zhì)總硬度<7毫克當(dāng)量/升，溶解氧毛0.1毫克/升。鍋爐房設(shè)有化驗室，保證水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)，避免損害設(shè)備，發(fā)生事故。</p><p>　　鍋爐安全保護(hù)裝置和報警裝置齊全:</p><p>　　1)設(shè)有鍋爐出口水溫超溫報警和聯(lián)鎖，循環(huán)水泵和爐排、鼓、引風(fēng)機(jī)聯(lián)鎖。</p><p>　　2)鍋爐出口壓力降低至熱水汽化壓力時與爐排、鼓、引風(fēng)機(jī)聯(lián)鎖。</p>

9、<p><b>　　照明:</b></p><p>　　1)鍋爐房、主控室、配電室等房間照度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按《工業(yè)企業(yè)照明設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB50034-92規(guī)定設(shè)計。</p><p>　　2)主控室、配電室等除設(shè)正常照明外，還設(shè)有應(yīng)急照明。</p><p>　　3)對運(yùn)煤廊、封閉煤場等照明燈具采用防爆和防塵燈具。</p><

10、p><b>　　電纜敷設(shè):</b></p><p>　　1)所有室內(nèi)暗敷設(shè)動力與照明電纜均有鋼管保護(hù)。</p><p>　　2)電纜敷設(shè)時與壓力水管、熱力等保持足夠的安全距離。(3)動力電纜和控制纜分開在不同橋架內(nèi)敷設(shè)，防止干擾。</p><p><b>　　附錄Ｂ</b></p><p>　

11、　In recent years, the construction of our city has developed quickly, which promotes greatly the central heating cause. To meet the heating demands continuously, we will construct some large-size central heating stations

12、, and at the same time we shall enlarge heating scale and areas of old heating station that have abilities to reform, which is very important for the rapid development of central heating cause in our city. </p>&

13、lt;p>　　Firstly, the paper analyzed the difficulties of this reform project and surrounding environment of boiler room at this old heating station, puts forward initial design scheme. The author gets some opinion about

14、 project reform from delegates of local residents and related department by supplying questionnaires, and then lowers the influence of this project on surrounding environment. It is proved that this reform project is fea

15、sible. The author makes a thermodynamics system design of this boiler </p><p>　　Domestic measurement heating heating system summary:</p><p>　　At present develops the quick region boiler central

16、heating, its superiority had been known generally, the relatively multitudinous small boiler room dispersible heating pattern, it has the energy conservation obviously, the occupying a land area of province, reduces meri

17、ts and so on dust noise haze pollution, main is may enhance boiler each tonnage the heating area, formerly heated other energy type restriction, basically all was does take the coal as the fuel, along with petroleum, nat

18、ural gas</p><p>　　The geothermy took one kind of inferior goods mass energy source uses in heating heating to have the area slightly, the operating cost low, the resources comprehensive utilization income is

19、 big, the fund recycles the quick merit, was in particular minimum to the air pollution, improved the city atmospheric environment, the promotion production development, raised the lives of the people level, also had the

20、 high energy use factor, but as a result of the geothermy condition limit, is added the par</p><p>　　Enters the market along with heating as the commodity, measurement heating becomes the inevitable trend.It

21、 is the socialist market economy development inevitable result.For many years, the tradition inevitably has had to measure the charge according to the area charge to substitute, this is one tendency, also is the national

22、 construction energy conservation “95” the plan development targets, adapts a socialist market economy request big reform, saves one of energy important measures.Must realize</p><p>　　Boiler room personnel o

23、rganization:</p><p>　　In the production process the main equipment which harms to the human body is possibly the boiler.Therefore, the boiler security appendix which selects is complete, is reliable, and obs

24、erves "Boiler room Design Standard" strictly and "Hot water boiler Safety work Supervision Regulations" the stipulation carries on the design.For example: Guaranteed the system peak does not have the

25、vaporization, the water pump constant pressure value is 0.4MPa-0.45 between the MPaa circulating water pump import </p><p>　　The boiler uses the negative pressure movement, prevented outside the haze and the

26、 flame spurts, the chamber negative pressure is 1,201,140 Pa. boilers eliminates the dregs to eliminate the dregs machine for the wet heavy chain link, Chu in the grit compartment, with the single track grab hoist crane

27、load, reduces the worker labor intensity, the coal field is the enclosed type, is equipped with sprinkles the cock, loses the coal to use buries the scraper sealed type to lose the coal, cannot affe</p><p>　

28、　The boiler safety device and the alarm device are complete:</p><p>　　1) is equipped with the boiler exportation water temperature ultra warm to report to the police with the interconnection, the circulating

29、 water pump and the fire grate, the drum, the drawing fan interconnection. </p><p>　　2) boiler outlet pressure reduces to the hot water vaporization pressure when and fire grate, drum, drawing fan inte

30、rconnection. </p><p>　　Illumination:</p><p>　　1) room degree of illumination standards and so on boiler room, main control room, transformer vault according to "Industrial enterprise Illumi

31、nation Design standard" GB50034-92 stipulation design. </p><p>　　2) main control room, the transformer vault and so on besides suppose the normal illumination, but also is equipped with the emergency li

32、ghting. </p><p>　　3) pair transports illumination lamps and lanterns and so on coal porch, seal coal field uses the explosion-proof and the dustproof lamps and lanterns.</p><p>　　Cable laying: &

33、lt;/p><p>　　1) all room in dark placing power and the lighting cable have the steel pipe protection. When </p><p>　　2) cable laying and flow pipe, thermal energy and so on maintenance enough safe d

34、istances.</p><p>　　3) power electric cable and the control cable separate in the different bridge lay, interference protection.</p><p>　　In the movement each kind of source of pollution control