外文翻譯--基于虛擬儀器技術的風機性能自動測試系統(tǒng)

1、<p><b>　　中文3020字</b></p><p>　　基于虛擬儀器技術的風機性能自動測試系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　摘 要:針對我國風機性能檢測多以手工為主,存在試驗手段落后,勞動量大和測試結(jié)果不準確等缺點,采用先進的虛擬儀器技術,將傳感器技術、計算機技術和測試技術結(jié)合起來,建立了基于虛擬儀器技術的風機性能自動測試系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)了試驗數(shù)據(jù)的自動采集、風機

2、轉(zhuǎn)速的自動調(diào)節(jié)、風機運行工況的自動控制、試驗數(shù)據(jù)的正確處理及性能曲線的自動繪制。整個系統(tǒng)具有界面友好、操作方便、功能齊全等優(yōu)點。試驗結(jié)果表明本系統(tǒng)增加了試驗過程的穩(wěn)定性,避免了人為的讀數(shù)誤差、計算誤差以及相關數(shù)據(jù)不能同時記錄所引起的試驗結(jié)果偏差,提高了測試精度和試驗效率?？蓮V泛應用于科研院所和風機生產(chǎn)廠家,具有較高的推廣應用價值。</p><p>　　關鍵詞:風機;性能試驗;自動測試;虛擬儀器;數(shù)據(jù)處理</

3、p><p><b>　　1 介紹</b></p><p>　　參數(shù)風扇：流量，壓力，功率和效率不僅決定工作績效，但也正根據(jù)使用鼓風機的人。由于風機理論不夠完善，性能測試是主要獲取這些參數(shù)的方法。此外，測試最重要的是檢驗產(chǎn)品和創(chuàng)新設計產(chǎn)品。在中國，傳統(tǒng)的風機性能測試是經(jīng)常做手動或單片機，其中有許多不足，包括：降低精度，重型工人的勞動強度，不完善的用戶界面，等等。</p

4、><p>　　因此，根據(jù)用戶的需求現(xiàn)代時代實驗技術，自動測試及分析系統(tǒng)風機性能的基礎上的虛擬儀表工具LabWindows / CVI的設計在這個文件中。組合傳感器技術，計算機技術和測試技術，虛擬儀器儀表技術，使得最普遍的方法使用智能計算機，以徹底打破該模式，傳統(tǒng)的技術是指由制造商制定，但該用戶不能改變的。與六，用戶提供了一個空間，以發(fā)揮他們的能力和想象力不足。它是用戶，而不是制造商，他們根據(jù)個人需要，他們可以設計自己

5、的儀器系統(tǒng)。在虛擬儀器系統(tǒng)， 硬件只是提供了一個解決方案，以輸入和輸出的信號，但該軟件是整個系統(tǒng)的關鍵。任何用戶可以根據(jù)需要修改軟件，增加或減少的軟件功能和軟件的儀器系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　因此，該系統(tǒng)不僅可以自動采料，加工，試驗數(shù)據(jù)，并以適當?shù)男问斤@示最后結(jié)果，而且也控制和調(diào)整不同的工作負載。整個系統(tǒng)是具有完善的界面，易操作，并很好地完成功能。實驗結(jié)果表明， 穩(wěn)定性試驗過程中增加了， 讀數(shù)誤差是可以避免和測

6、量精度和實驗效率得到了改善。 該系統(tǒng)已廣泛地應用于許多范生產(chǎn)廠家和科研單位。</p><p><b>　　2硬件系統(tǒng)的設計</b></p><p>　　硬件這個系統(tǒng)，這是基礎。信號采集，轉(zhuǎn)換，加強和加工，包括風扇，電機，風管， 傳感器，計算機，數(shù)據(jù)采集板，頻率轉(zhuǎn)換等。</p><p>　　在這些部件中，計算機和插入式DAQ的系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮了重要作用

7、。該系統(tǒng)，隨著高性能數(shù)據(jù)采集板， A / D轉(zhuǎn)換，而且頻率控制，步進電機控制等實現(xiàn)了，而不是唯一的數(shù)據(jù)采集。需要考慮的技術指標，如采樣頻率，精度等級， A / D ＆ D / A轉(zhuǎn)換利率結(jié)果中，數(shù)據(jù)采集卡的PCI - 6024e ，其中200個有KS /秒， 12位表示16單端模擬輸入，是選定的。該6024e功能數(shù)位觸發(fā)能力，以及2個24位， 20兆赫計數(shù)器/倍;和8數(shù)字輸入/輸出線。兩個12位模擬輸出也可以推薦，由6024e。<

8、/p><p>　　風機參數(shù)：流量，靜壓，轉(zhuǎn)矩轉(zhuǎn)速測量相應傳感器包括差壓變送器（ bc69型性，準確</p><p>　　性） ，靜壓發(fā)射機（ jyb型，精度為1 ％ ） ， 轉(zhuǎn)矩與轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器（ akc - 205型精度為0.3 ％ ） 。該傳感器的輸出都是標準電流信號4 ? 20均線所在。 ，以滿足數(shù)據(jù)采集板輸入信號的類型和范圍， 0 ? 5伏電壓信號是從取得4 ? 20 mA電流信號由一個接

9、口板，是用于信號轉(zhuǎn)型。</p><p>　　通過模擬輸出通道上6024e ， 0 ? 5 V電壓信號，這是相應于0 ? 50赫茲交流變頻，發(fā)送給控制頻率轉(zhuǎn)換器（FR- a540 - 1.5 K通道類型， mitsudishi ， 日本） 。風扇轉(zhuǎn)速的變化與變數(shù)電壓。</p><p>　　該部件的工作狀況制定，這是由作者設計制定的，是旋轉(zhuǎn)擋板結(jié)構組成的輪擋板，聯(lián)軸器，爬行器齒輪和步進電機等（

10、參見圖1 ） 。 這種結(jié)構不僅可以實現(xiàn)自動控制，而且也有小而靈活的優(yōu)點。三個數(shù)字輸入/輸出端口上6024e是用來發(fā)送出了3 - 相脈沖控制旋轉(zhuǎn)角度的一步馬達。步進電機驅(qū)動器圓形擋板通過爬行器，以齒輪回轉(zhuǎn)內(nèi)風管，導致在變化的光圈差距圓形的擋板及風管，從而改變風管內(nèi)的氣流通量，即改進工作狀。當氣流太強，該 齒輪可以防止擋板的改變，以保證測量精度，幾種防止的方法都是通過諸如微分輸入信號，以消除普通模式干擾。</p>&

11、lt;p><b>　　圖1</b></p><p><b>　　3 軟件系統(tǒng)的設計</b></p><p><b>　　3.1數(shù)據(jù)處理</b></p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)處理，在這個系統(tǒng)中包括三個方面：處理后期信號進行清除種種不理想的信號，利用流體力學計算公式性能參數(shù)的精確度; 擬合性能參數(shù)基于最

12、小二乘法提取性能曲線的精確度。</p><p>　　3.1.1計算性能參數(shù)</p><p>　　是指以國家標準gb1236 - 85 [ 8 ] 空氣動力學性能測試程序呼吸機，呼吸機性能測試的放電插座的實現(xiàn)。風扇性能參數(shù)計算如下：</p><p><b>　　體積流速</b></p><p><b>　　軸功率

13、 </b></p><p><b>　　總壓力 </b></p><p><b>　　效率的總壓力</b></p><p>　　3.1.2性能曲線擬合</p><p>　　有許多曲線擬合的方法，如指數(shù)擬合，正交多項式擬合切比雪夫再恰當不過了。最小二乘法是通過以適應性能參數(shù)

14、，因為特性曲線的風機大多是拋物線。什么是所謂的"最小二乘法" ，是統(tǒng)計學處理實測值，從實驗中，使理想值的觀測等于它的理論價值和糾正觀測值。</p><p>　　用function polyfit 是在分析圖書館的LabWindows / CVI中， 性能曲線擬合完成。格式函數(shù)polyfit具體內(nèi)容如下：這項議內(nèi)容的目的，功能，是要找到合適系數(shù)，即最能代表多項式擬合數(shù)據(jù)點（ x ， y ）的使用

15、最小二乘法。 polyfitobtains theithelement的輸出陣和均方誤差使用以下公式[ 7 ]：</p><p>　　數(shù)值通量;整體壓力，靜態(tài)壓力，功率和效率，多項式秩序;尼什若干樣本點; 均方誤差。</p><p>　　與這一職能的磁通整個壓力曲線， 通量靜態(tài)壓力曲線，流量-效率曲線可以達到這個數(shù)字。</p><p><b>　　3.2軟

16、件的結(jié)構</b></p><p>　　該軟件是由LabWindows / CVI的這是一個綜合性的ANSI C環(huán)境工程師和科學家創(chuàng)造虛擬儀表應用 。在這個系統(tǒng)中，與集成的I / O 圖書館，分析套路，和用戶界面的工具， LabWindows / CVI的提供您所需的一切，為建設先進的測試和測量系統(tǒng)。 基于模塊化的設計方法，程序， 模塊設計。</p><p>　　1 ）基本參數(shù)設

17、置：用戶可以在關鍵風扇型和環(huán)境參數(shù)，包括大氣溫度，濕度和壓力。</p><p>　　2 ）數(shù)據(jù)采集及控制參數(shù)設定： 在這個系統(tǒng)中，采樣通道，控制通道，采樣率，信號輸入/輸出限制等。</p><p>　　3 ）主控站：這個系統(tǒng)是主接口為運作口。可視化的控制，例如作為電源開關，測試起動開關，操作模式選擇幻燈片，風扇轉(zhuǎn)速選擇幻燈片，并進行實時在線數(shù)字＆波形顯示的信號，送到在前面板上，為用戶操作此

18、系統(tǒng)交換方便。</p><p>　　4 ）數(shù)據(jù)處理：在本系統(tǒng)中，而不是指原始數(shù)據(jù)，而是計算數(shù)據(jù)，包括流量， 效率，功率和總壓能證明在數(shù)字和波形形式。此外，基于最小二乘法的風機性能曲線可裝有自由挑選合適的模塊。</p><p>　　5 ）試驗報告：試驗后，可以實現(xiàn)測試報告，其中包括網(wǎng)格或圖表類型的測試網(wǎng)絡社區(qū)這個系統(tǒng)。此外，數(shù)據(jù)存儲，打印輸出， 輸入等，都實現(xiàn)了。</p>&l

19、t;p>　　6 ）歷史查詢：在這個單元，根據(jù)試驗的次數(shù)和范型，用戶還可以找到歷史記錄，他們需要與數(shù)字或圖形文件類型。 因此，需要測試報告，其中包括風機性能曲線能展示和打印。</p><p>　　最后，該軟件系統(tǒng)的關鍵功能如下：自動獲取參數(shù)的范性能，調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)速和通量風機，自動生成記錄，測試和性能曲線，此外，該軟件還可以顯示，保存和打印這些信號在圖形和數(shù)字形式。整個系統(tǒng)是完善便于操作的。</p>&

20、lt;p><b>　　4實驗系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　以離心式鼓風機（ 4-72型）進行全面的測試，例如，在實驗室，性能測試實驗取得了該項功能。所示圖2 ，每一個點是數(shù)值的測試信號， 并且接駁線是表現(xiàn)擬合曲線基于最小二乘法。比較手工是做在同一時間內(nèi)，兩個測試結(jié)果幾乎是平等和準確性，可完全滿足國家標準。</p><p><b>　　圖2</

21、b></p><p><b>　　5 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　從所有上述情況，整個系統(tǒng)是一個很完善的界面，操作方便和全面的功能，可廣泛應用于科學科研院所及工廠等。這個規(guī)定提高了穩(wěn)定性測試過程，避重就輕的誤差閱讀，計算，結(jié)果造成相對數(shù)據(jù)不能記錄在同一時間。因此，在精度和效率的測試是在很大程度上得到改善。它符合有需要的科學生產(chǎn)和自動化管理的現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。<

22、;/p><p>　　Auto-testing system for fan performance based</p><p>　　on virtual instrumentation technology</p><p>　　Abstract: In accordance with the present status of measurement of fan pe

23、rformance with burdensome in labors, low inaccuracy and backward in testing method, auto-testing system for fan performance based on Virtual Instruments(VI)technology was developed. The system integrated sensor technolog

24、y, computer technology and measurement technology.As a result, the system can not only automatically acquire, process testing data and express the final results in suitableforms but also control and adjust di</p>

25、<p>　　Key words: fan; performance testing; auto-testing; virtual instrumentation; data processing</p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　The parameters of fan: flux, pressure, power an defficienc

26、y not only decide working performance butalso are the basis of selecting and using blower for people. Because of the blower theory being not perfect, performance testing is the main method of acquiring these parameters.

27、Moreover, the testing is important for testing products and designing new products. In China, traditional fan performance testing is always done manually or by singlechip which has many shortages including lower precisio

28、n,</p><p>　　Therefore, according to the demands of modern times experiment technique, an automatic test and analysis system for fan performance based on virtual instrumentation tool LabWindows/CVI was design

29、ed in this paper. Combined sensor technology, computer technology and testing technique, the virtual instrumentation (VI) technology makes the most use of intelligence of computer to thoroughly break down the mode that t

30、he traditional instruments are defined by the manufacturers, however the users can no</p><p>　　As a result, the system can not only automatically acquire, process testing data and express the final results i

31、n suitable forms but also control and adjust different working loads. The whole system is friendly in interface, easy in operation and complete in functions. The experiment results have shown that the stability of the ex

32、periment process has increased, the reading error was avoided and the measurement accuracy and experiment efficiency were improved. The system has been widely applied t</p><p>　　2 Hardware design of the syst

33、em</p><p>　　Hardware of this system, which is the basis of signal acquisition, conversion, enhance and processing, consists of fan, motors, wind pipe, sensors, computer, data acquisition board, frequency con

34、version governor, etc. The block diagram of system structure is shown in Fig.1.</p><p>　　Among those components, computer and plug-in DAQ board play an important role in the system. With the high performance

35、 DAQ board, not only data acquisition, A/D conversion but also frequency control, step motor control etc are realized. Considered of the technical indexes such as samplingfrequency, accuracy, A/D & D/A conversion rat

36、e, resolution, the DAQ board PCI-6024E from National Instruments (U.S.A), with which 200 ks/s, 12-bit performance on 16 single-ended analog inputs can be got up to, i</p><p>　　The fan parameters: flux, stati

37、c pressure, torque and rotation speed are measured by corresponding sensors including differential pressure transmitter ( BC69 type, accuracy is FS ), static pressure transmitter (JYB type, accuracy is 1%FS), and torque

38、& rotate speed sensor ( AKC-205 type, accuracy is 0. 3%FS). The sensor outputs are all standard current signal with 4~20 mA. To meet the DAQ board input signal type and range, 0 ~ 5 V voltage signals are achieved fro

39、m 4~20 mA current signals by an i</p><p>　　Through the analog output channel on 6024E, 0~5 V voltage signal which is corresponding on 0~50 Hz of AC frequency, are sent out to control frequency converter (FR-

40、A540-1.5K-CH type, MITSUDISHI, Japan). Then, the fan speed changes with variable voltage.</p><p>　　The regulating unit of working status, which is designed by the authors, is the rotating baffle structure co

41、mposed of round baffle, shaft coupling, creeper gear and step motor etc. (See the Fig.2). This kind of structure can not only realize the auto- control but also is small and flexible. Three digital I/O port on the 6024E

42、are used to send out three- phase pulse to control the rotation angle of step motor. The step motor drives the round baffle through the creeper gear to revolve inside the w</p><p>　　To insure the measurement

43、 accuracy, several anti-interference means are adopted such as differential inputs of signals to eliminate the common mode interference, good earth of signal line and instruments, digital filtering technology in software

44、[7].</p><p>　　3 Software design of the system</p><p>　　3.1 Data processing</p><p>　　Data processing in this system includes three aspects: processing acquired signals to weed out va

45、rious disturbing signals; using hydrodynamics formulas to calculate performance parameters of fans; fitting performance parameters based on least square method to draw performance curves of fans.</p><p>　　Ca

46、lculation of performance parameters</p><p>　　Refer to the national standard GB1236-85[8], Aerodynamics performance test procedure of ventilator, the ventilator performance testing of the discharge outlet is

47、achieved. The fan performance parameters are calculated as follow so:</p><p>　　where dnis the aperture of restriction orifice; is the flow coefficient;εis the gas expansion coefficient;ρis the gas density of

48、 fan outlet;Fis the torque between motor and fan;nis the rotation speed of motor;Pstis the static pressure;Pdis the kinetic pressure;Ais the area of wind pipe;vis the speed of the airflow;ηis the available output.</p&

49、gt;<p>　　Performance curve fitting</p><p>　　There are many curve fitting methods such as exponential fitting, orthogonal polynomial fitting and Chebyshev fitting. The least square method is adopted to

50、 fit performance parameters because the characteristic curve of fan is mostly parabola. What is called "least square method" is statistically processing the observed values from experiments to make desired valu

51、e of observation equal to its theoretical value and rectify the observed value[9].</p><p>　　Using the functionPolyFitthat is in the advanced analysis library of LabWindows/CVI, the performance curve fitting

52、was completed. The format of function PolyFit is as follows:</p><p>　　PolyFit(double x[],double y[],int n,int order, double z[],double coef[],double*mse)</p><p>　　The purpose of this function is

53、 to find the coefficients that best represent the polynomial fit of the data points (x,y) using the least squares method. PolyFitobtains theithelement of the output array and mean squared error ( mse ) using the followin

54、g formulae[7]: </p><p>　　where xis flux;yis whole pressure, static pressure, power, and efficiency respectively;zis best fitted value ofy;orderis polynomial order;nis number of sample points;mseis mean squa

55、red error.</p><p>　　With this function the flux-whole pressure curve, flux-static pressure curve, and flux-efficiency curve can be achieved.</p><p>　　3.2 Structure of the software</p><

56、;p>　　The software is developed by LabWindows/CVI which is an integrated ANSI C environment for engineers and scientists creating virtual instrumentation applications[10]. With integrated I/O libraries, analysis routin

57、es, and user interface tools, LabWindows/CVI delivers everything you need for building advanced test and measurement systems. Based on modularization design method of program, 8 modules are designed in this system:</p

58、><p>　　Basic parameters setting: user can key in the fan type and environmental parameters including atmospheric temperature, humidity and pressure in this module.</p><p>　　Data acquisition and con

59、trol parameters setting: in this module, the sampling channel, control channel, sampling rate, signal input/output limit etc</p><p>　　3) Main control station: this module is the main interface for operators

60、. The visualized controls, such as power switch, testing start switch, operating mode selecting slide, fan speed selecting slide, and real-time numeric &waveform display of signals, are delivered in the front panel f

61、or user operating this system conveniently.</p><p>　　4) Data processing: in this module, not only original data but also calculated data including flux, efficiency, power and total pressure can be shown in

62、 numeric and waveform form. Moreover, based on least square method the fan performance curve can be fitted with free selected fit module.</p><p>　　5) Test report: after test, operators can achieve the test r

63、eport including grid or graph type of test dada in this module. Also, data saving, printing, exporting, importing etc are all realized.</p><p>　　6) History query: according to the test number and fan type, u

64、sers can find history records they need with numeric or graph type documents in this module. Thus, a needed test report including fan performance curve can be displayed and printed.</p><p>　　7) Experimental

65、simulation: a visual flash film is designed for operator to know the operating procedure well.</p><p>　　8) System help: using the hyper text technology, the system help on line is built which consists of thr

66、ee parts, namely, fan performance test system overview, background knowledge and operating instruction.</p><p>　　In conclusion, the software system has key functions as follows: auto-acquiring parameters of

67、fan performance, adjusting the rotating speed and flux of blower, auto-generating record of testing and performance curve, moreover, the software can also display, save and print these signals in graphic and numeric form

68、. The whole system is friendly and convenient for operating.</p><p>　　4 Experiment of the system</p><p>　　Take the centrifugal blower (4-72 type) for testing example in laboratory, the performan

69、ce testing experiment was made with this system. As shown in Fig.3, each point is the numerical value of test signal, and that connected line is the performance fitting curve based on least square method. Compared with h

70、andwork which was done at the same time, the two test results are nearly equal and the accuracy can completely meet the needs of national standard</p><p>　　5 Conclusion</p><p>　　From all above,

71、the whole system has friendly functions, which can be used widely in scientific research institutes and factories. This system improves the stability of testing process, avoids the error of reading, calculation and resul

72、t caused brelative data can not be recorded at the same time with test artificially. As a result, the precision an efficiency of testing is largely improved. It meets the need of scientific production and auto-management

73、 omodern industry. </p><p>　　[References]</p><p>　　[1] Yang Shubai, Chen Kangmin, Mao Zhongming, et al.Air-conditioner ventilator performance automatic testing system[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2001,

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76、and characteristics of virtual instrument[J]. Instrumentation Technology, 2002,(5):40~41(in Chinese).</p><p>　　[5] James Truchard. The future of virtual instrumentation [J]. Measurement &Control Technol

77、ogy, 2002,29(1):1 ~2.</p><p>　　[6] US National Instruments Inc. Measurement and automation catalogue[M]. U.S.A., 2002.</p><p>　　[7] Zhang Hesheng, Zhang Jian. Study on anti-interference techni

78、que of computerized test & control system [J]. Electrical Measurement &Instrumentation, 1999,36(7): 34~36,45(in Chinese).</p><p>　　[8] Aerodynamics performance test procedure of ventilator GB1236-85

79、[S].</p><p>　　[9] US National Instruments Inc. LabWindows/CVI Advanced Analysis Library Reference Manual[M]. U.S.A., 2001.</p><p>　　[10] Lu Linji, Rao Jiaming. The interactive mode platform of