外文翻譯--電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)

1、<p><b>　　附錄A 外文文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　Electric Power Steering system</p><p><b>　　History</b></p><p>　　In automobile development course, Steering system experi

2、enced four stages of development: from the initial mechanical Steering system (for your DNS setting Steering, abbreviation ) development for Hydraulic Steering system (Hydraulic Power Steering, abbreviation HPS), then ag

3、ain appeared electronically controlled Hydraulic Steering system (Electro Hydraulic Power Steering, abbreviation EHPS) and Electric Power Steering system (Steering, room Power as EPS). Assemble mechanical steering system

4、 of </p><p>　　Working principle </p><p>　　Electric power steering system are as follows: first, the working principle, torque sensor measured on steering wheel drivers on the manipulation of the

5、 moment, the wheel speed sensors detect the vehicle driving speed, then present the two signals to ECU; According to the built-in control strategy: ECU, calculates the ideal target booster torque, into current instructio

6、ns to motor; Then, the power generated by the torque motor slowdown institutions amplification on steering system in mechanical </p><p>　　3. Working process </p><p>　　Electric power steering sy

7、stem as traditional hydraulic system alternative products has entered into the auto manufacturing. And had predicted instead, EPS not only applicable to small cars, and some for 12V medium vehicle installed electric syst

8、em. </p><p>　　EPS system includes the following components: </p><p>　　The torque sensor: detection steering wheel motion and vehicle motion situation; </p><p>　　Electronic control u

9、nits: according to provide the torque sensor the size of the signal computing power; </p><p>　　Motor: according to the electronic control units; turn power output value generation </p><p>　　Redu

10、ction gear: improve motor power, and produce turn it sends to steering mechanism. </p><p>　　Other vehicle system control algorithm input information is provided by the car CAN bus (for example steering Angle

11、 and bus speed, etc.). Motor drive also need other information, such as motor rotor position and the three-phase motor sensor (current sensor provided). Motor control by four MOSFET, due to micro controller cannot direct

12、 drive of large gate capacitance, MOSFET using drive IC form needed the interface, for safety, complete motor control system must implement monitoring, motor control</p><p>　　Micro control device must contro

13、l EPS system and have brushless motor. Micro control device according to the torque sensor provide needed the steering wheel torque information, forming a current control loop. In order to improve the security of the sys

14、tem level, the micro control device should have an on-board oscillator, so even in external oscillator malfunction case, also ensure micro control device performance, also should have chip watchdog. Infineon XC886 integr

15、ation of the company all the</p><p>　　The role of power levels is switch electric current. The power level has two main functions: drive IC control and protection MOSFET, MOSFET itself and to be responsible

16、for switch currents. MOSFET and partition.</p><p>　　Micro control device PWM output port provides driver current and voltage is too low, can't directly connected with MOSFET screen realization. Drive IC

17、role is to provide enough current, the grid to charge for MOSFET, so that in the and discharge 20kHz conditions, and ensure the normal realization switch for discretion side provides the high bar source voltage MOSFET, e

18、nsure that you get the low conduction resistance. If the high side MOSFET in open state, to source potential close battery level.</p><p>　　The other key charge pump design according to different characterist

19、ics that can be PWM pattern request, achieve extremely low (low to 1%) and high rate of 390v (high to 100%). Drive IC another important function is testing, avoid damage to short-circuit mosfets, affected MOSFET will be

20、closed, diagnosis submitted to micro control device. </p><p>　　附錄B 外文文獻(xiàn)的中文翻譯</p><p><b>　　電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)</b></p><p><b>　　1.發(fā)展歷史</b></p><p>　　在汽車的發(fā)展歷程中

21、，轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了四個發(fā)展階段：從最初的機(jī)械式轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（Manual Steering，簡稱MS）發(fā)展為液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（Hydraulic Power Steering，簡稱HPS），然后又出現(xiàn)了電控液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（Electro Hydraulic Power Steering，簡稱EHPS）和電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（Electric Power Steering，簡稱EPS）。裝配機(jī)械式轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的汽車，在泊車和低速行駛時駕駛員的轉(zhuǎn)向操縱

22、負(fù)擔(dān)過于沉重，為了解決這個問題，美國GM公司在20世紀(jì)50年代率先在轎車上采用了液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。但是，液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)無法兼顧車輛低速時的轉(zhuǎn)向輕便性和高速時的轉(zhuǎn)向穩(wěn)定性，因此在1983年日本Koyo公司推出了具備車速感應(yīng)功能的電控液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。這種新型的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)可以隨著車速的升高提供逐漸減小的轉(zhuǎn)向助力，但是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、造價較高，而且無法克服液壓系統(tǒng)自身所具有的許多缺點(diǎn)，是一種介于液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向和電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向之間的過渡產(chǎn)品。到了1988

23、年，日本Suzuki公司首先在小型轎車Cervo上配備了Koyo公司研發(fā)的轉(zhuǎn)向柱助力式電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)</p><p><b>　　2.工作原理</b></p><p>　　電助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的工作原理如下：首先，轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器測出駕駛員施加在轉(zhuǎn)向盤上的操縱力矩，車速傳感器測出車輛當(dāng)前的行駛速度，然后將這兩個信號傳遞給ECU；ECU根據(jù)內(nèi)置的控制策略，計(jì)算出理想的目標(biāo)助力力矩

24、，轉(zhuǎn)化為電流指令給電機(jī)；然后，電機(jī)產(chǎn)生的助力力矩經(jīng)減速機(jī)構(gòu)放大作用在機(jī)械式轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)上，和駕駛員的操縱力矩一起克服轉(zhuǎn)向阻力矩，實(shí)現(xiàn)車輛的轉(zhuǎn)向。</p><p><b>　　3.工作過程</b></p><p>　　電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（EPS）作為傳統(tǒng)液壓系統(tǒng)的替代產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)進(jìn)入汽車制造領(lǐng)域。與先前的預(yù)測相反，EPS不僅適用于小型汽車，而且某些12V中型汽車也適于安裝電動系統(tǒng)

25、。</p><p>　　EPS系統(tǒng)包含下列組件：</p><p>　　轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器：檢測轉(zhuǎn)向輪的運(yùn)動情況和車輛的運(yùn)動情況；</p><p>　　電控單元：根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器提供的信號計(jì)算助力的大??；</p><p>　　電機(jī)：根據(jù)電控單元輸出值生成轉(zhuǎn)動力；</p><p>　　減速齒輪：提高電機(jī)產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)動力，并將其傳送至轉(zhuǎn)向

26、機(jī)構(gòu)。 </p><p>　　其它車輛系統(tǒng)控制算法輸入信息是由汽車CAN總線提供的(例如轉(zhuǎn)向角和汽車速度等等)。電機(jī)驅(qū)動還需要其它信息，例如電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子位置(電機(jī)傳感器提供)和相電流(電流傳感器提供)。電機(jī)由四個MOSFET控制，由于微控制器無法直接驅(qū)動MOSFET的大型柵電容，因此需要采用驅(qū)動IC形式的接口，出于安全考慮，完整的電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)必須實(shí)施監(jiān)控，將電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)集成在PCB上，通常包含一個繼電器，該繼電器可作

27、為主開關(guān)使用，在檢測出故障的情況下，斷開電機(jī)與電控單元。 </p><p>　　微控器必須控制EPS系統(tǒng)的直流有刷電機(jī)。微控器根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器提供的轉(zhuǎn)向輪所需轉(zhuǎn)矩信息，形成一個電流控制回路。為了提高系統(tǒng)的安全水平，該微控器應(yīng)有一個板載振蕩器，這樣即使在外部振蕩器出現(xiàn)故障的情況下，亦可確保微控器的性能，同時還應(yīng)具備片上看門狗。英飛凌公司的XC886集成了所有重要的微控器組件，其它安全特性可通過軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)，如果必須執(zhí)行I

28、EC61508等行業(yè)安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范，就不得不完成各種診斷和自檢任務(wù)，因而會增加微控器的工作負(fù)荷。目前不同客戶采用的轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器與轉(zhuǎn)子位置傳感器差別很大。他們采用不同的測量原理，如分解器、電磁共振器、基于傳感器的集成巨磁阻。 </p><p>　　功率級的作用是開關(guān)電機(jī)電流。該功率級具有兩個功能：驅(qū)動IC控制和保護(hù)MOSFET，MOSFET本身又可負(fù)責(zé)開關(guān)電流。MOSFET和分區(qū)(例如驅(qū)動IC與MOSFET結(jié)合在一個器

29、件或多個器件內(nèi))由電機(jī)功率決定。 </p><p>　　微控器的PWM輸出端口提供的驅(qū)動電流和電壓太低，無法直接與MOSFET柵極實(shí)現(xiàn)連接。驅(qū)動IC的作用是提供充足的電流，為MOSFET的柵極進(jìn)行充電和放電，使其在20kHz的條件下正常實(shí)現(xiàn)開關(guān)，同時保證為高低側(cè)MOSFET提供高柵源電壓，確保獲得低導(dǎo)通電阻。如果高側(cè)MOSFET處于開通狀態(tài)，源極電位就接近電池電平。要想使MOSFET到達(dá)標(biāo)稱導(dǎo)通電阻，柵源電壓需高

30、于8V。MOSFET完全導(dǎo)通所需的最理想的電壓是10V或以上，因此所需的柵極電位就比電池電壓高出10V。電荷泵是確保該功能最大程度降低MOSFET功耗(即使低電池電壓條件下)的電路。</p><p>　　電荷泵設(shè)計(jì)的其它關(guān)鍵特性是可以根據(jù)不同PWM模式的要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)極低(低至1%)和極高的占空比(高至100%)。驅(qū)動IC的另一個重要功能是檢測短路情況，避免損壞MOSFET,受影響的MOSFET將關(guān)閉，診斷結(jié)果提交給