網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文資料</b></p><p>　　JavaServer Pages Overview</p><p>　　JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology enables Web developers and designers to rapidly develop and easily maintain, info

2、rmation-rich, dynamic Web pages that leverage existing business systems. As part of the Java technology family, JSP technology enables rapid development of Web-based applications that are platform independent. JSP techno

3、logy separates the user interface from content generation, enabling designers to change the overall page layout without altering the underlying dynamic content. </p><p>　　Benefits for Developers</p>&

4、lt;p>　　If you are a Web page developer or designer who is familiar with HTML, you can:</p><p>　　Use JSP technology without having to learn the Java language: You can use JSP technology without learning ho

5、w to write Java scriplets. Although scriptlets are no longer required to generate dynamic content, they are still supported to provide backward compatibility. </p><p>　　Extend the JSP language: Java tag libr

6、ary developers and designers can extend the JSP language with "simple tag handlers," which utilize a new, much simpler and cleaner, tag extension API. This spurs the growing number of pluggable, reusable tag li

7、braries available, which in turn reduces the amount of code needed to write powerful Web applications. </p><p>　　Easily write and maintain pages: The JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL) expression l

8、anguage is now integrated into JSP technology and has been upgraded to support functions. The expression language can now be used instead of scriptlet expressions. </p><p>　　JSP Technology and Java Servlets&

9、lt;/p><p>　　JSP technology uses XML-like tags that encapsulate the logic that generates the content for the page. The application logic can reside in server-based resources (such as JavaBeans component architec

10、ture) that the page accesses with these tags. Any and all formatting (HTML or XML) tags are passed directly back to the response page. By separating the page logic from its design and display and supporting a reusable co

11、mponent-based design, JSP technology makes it faster and easier than ever to build</p><p>　　Community Background</p><p>　　The JSP specification is the product of industry-wide collaboration with

12、 industry leaders in the enterprise software and tools markets, led by Sun Microsystems. Sun has made the JSP specification freely available to the developer community, with the goal that every Web server and application

13、 server will support the JSP interface. JSP pages share the "Write Once, Run Anywhere" advantages of Java technology. JSP technology is a key component in the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition, Sun's high

14、ly</p><p>　　JSP Technology in the Java EE 5 Platform</p><p>　　The focus of Java EE 5 has been ease of development by making use of Java language annotations that were introduced by J2SE 5.0. JSP

15、 2.1 supports this goal by defining annotations for dependency injection on JSP tag handlers and context listeners.</p><p>　　Another key concern of the Java EE 5 specification has been the alignment of its w

16、ebtier technologies, namely JavaServer Pages (JSP), JavaServer Faces (JSF), and JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL).</p><p>　　The outcome of this alignment effort has been the Unified Expression Lan

17、guage (EL), which integrates the expression languages defined by JSP 2.0 and JSF 1.1.</p><p>　　The main key additions to the Unified EL that came out of tbe alignment work have been:</p><p>　　A

18、pluggable API for resolving variable references into Java objects and for resolving the properties applied to these Java objects, </p><p>　　Support for deferred expressions, which may be evaluated by a tag h

19、andler when needed, unlike their regular expression counterparts, which get evaluated immediately when a page is executed and rendered, and </p><p>　　Support for lvalue expression, which appear on the left h

20、and side of an assignment operation. When used as an lvalue, an EL expression represents a reference to a data structure, for example: a JavaBeans property, that is assigned some user input. </p><p>　　The ne

21、w Unified EL is defined in its own specification document, which is delivered along with the JSP 2.1 specification.</p><p>　　Thanks to the Unified EL, JSTL tags, such as the JSTL iteration tags, can now be u

22、sed with JSF components in an intuitive way.</p><p>　　Java Servlet Technology Overview</p><p>　　Servlets are the Java platform technology of choice for extending and enhancing Web servers. Servl

23、ets provide a component-based, platform-independent method for building Web-based applications, without the performance limitations of CGI programs. And unlike proprietary server extension mechanisms (such as the Netscap

24、e Server API or Apache modules), servlets are server- and platform-independent. This leaves you free to select a "best of breed" strategy for your servers, platforms, and tools. Ser</p><p><b&g

25、t;　　JavaBeans</b></p><p>　　JavaBeans technology is the component architecture for the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE). Components (JavaBeans) are reusable software programs that you can develo

26、p and assemble easily to create sophisticated applications. JavaBeans technology is based on the JavaBeans specification. </p><p>　　The Bean BuilderThe Bean Builder is a simple component assembler that demo

27、nstrates the visual construction of applications using component assembly mechanisms. </p><p>　　JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF)JAF lets you take advantage of standard services to: determine the t

28、ype of an arbitrary piece of data; encapsulate access to it; discover the operations available on it; and instantiate the appropriate bean to perform the operation(s). </p><p>　　The Java 2 Enterprise Edition

29、 (J2EE) is a standard that defines an environment for the development and deployment of enterprise applications. It reduces the cost and complexity of developing multitier enterprise applications as it provides a multiti

30、er distributed application model. In other words, it is inherently distributed and therefore the various parts of an application can run on different devices. </p><p>　　Web applications developed using JavaS

31、erver Pages (JSP) may require some interaction with J2EE services. For example, a web-based inventory control system may need to access J2EE's directory services to gain access to a database. Or you may want to use E

32、nterprise JavaBeans (EJB) in your application. </p><p>　　This article presents a brief overview of J2EE, then it shows how to: </p><p>　　Describe J2EE services in a Web Deployment Descriptor (we

33、b.xml) </p><p>　　Reference J2EE services </p><p>　　Access and use J2EE services from JSPs </p><p>　　Overview of J2EE</p><p>　　The J2EE is a standard platform for the de

34、velopment and deployment of enterprise applications. The architecture of J2EE, which is component-based, makes developing enterprise applications easy because business logic is organized into reusable components and the

35、underlying service is provided by J2EE in the form of a container for every component type. Think of a container as the interface between the component and the low-level functionality that supports the component. Therefo

36、re, before an appl</p><p>　　J2EE promotes the development of multitier applications in which the web container hosts web components that are dedicated to handling a given application's presentation logic

37、, and responds to requests from the client (such as the web browser). The EJB container, on the other hand, hosts application components that respond to requests from the web tier as shown in Figure 1. </p><p&

38、gt;　　Figure 1: Multitier Applications </p><p>　　Applications that use this architecture are implicitly scalable. This architecture decouples the accessing of data from end-user interactions, and encourages c

39、omponent-based code reusability. At the web tier, J2EE promotes the use of JSPs for the creation of dynamic content for Web clients. </p><p>　　Custom Tags and J2EE</p><p>　　J2EE has a lot to off

40、er to Web application developers and the JSP custom tag developer. As you can see from Table 1 above, it has a rich set of standard APIs for sending email, accessing databases, parsing XML documents, and so on. Your Web

41、applications can benefit greatly from these APIs. For example, you can write a JSP custom tag for sending email that can be used easily by Web content developers who are not familiar with Java. If you are not familiar wi

42、th JSP custom tags, their benefits, and</p><p><b>　　外文資料譯文</b></p><p>　　Javaserverpages概況</p><p>　　Javaserverpages(jsp)技術(shù)，使Web開(kāi)發(fā)人員和設(shè)計(jì)師可以快速開(kāi)發(fā)和易于維護(hù)，利用現(xiàn)有的業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁(yè)使信息豐富。 作為

43、在Java技術(shù)家族，JSP技術(shù)能夠迅速發(fā)展，基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序的獨(dú)立平臺(tái)。JSP技術(shù)隔離用戶(hù)界面內(nèi)容的一代，使設(shè)計(jì)改變整個(gè)版面，而不改變基本的動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)容。</p><p><b>　　開(kāi)發(fā)者的益處</b></p><p>　　如果你是一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)或設(shè)計(jì)師所熟悉的HTML，你可以:使用JSP技術(shù)，無(wú)須學(xué)習(xí)Java語(yǔ)言， 你可以使用jsp技術(shù)，而不學(xué)習(xí)如何寫(xiě)javascrip

44、lets。雖然scriptlets不再需要產(chǎn)生一些動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)容，但仍支持以提供向后兼容性</p><p>　　擴(kuò)展JSP語(yǔ)言： Java標(biāo)簽庫(kù)開(kāi)發(fā)商和設(shè)計(jì)師可以擴(kuò)展JSP語(yǔ)言與“簡(jiǎn)單taghandlers”，這些都是用一種新的,更簡(jiǎn)單和清潔的標(biāo)簽擴(kuò)展API。 這促使越來(lái)越多的插件，再用標(biāo)記庫(kù)可用，這反過(guò)來(lái)又減少了代碼需要，寫(xiě)出強(qiáng)大的Web應(yīng)用。 </p><p>　　易寫(xiě)和維護(hù)頁(yè)面: 在Jav

45、aServerPages的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)簽庫(kù)(純)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)現(xiàn)已并入JSP技術(shù),并已支持升級(jí)功能?，F(xiàn)在可以用表達(dá)語(yǔ)言來(lái)代替scriptlet詞句。</p><p>　　JSP技術(shù)和Java Servlets</p><p>　　JSP技術(shù)使用XML式的標(biāo)簽，產(chǎn)生概括的邏輯內(nèi)容頁(yè)。應(yīng)用邏輯可以存在于基于服務(wù)器資源(如JavaBeans組件結(jié)構(gòu)) 取用這些標(biāo)簽的頁(yè)面。</p><p&

46、gt;　　任何及所有格式化(HTML或XML)的標(biāo)記直接傳遞回響應(yīng)頁(yè)面。通過(guò)把頁(yè)面邏輯從它的設(shè)計(jì)陳列和支持重用的基于組件的設(shè)計(jì)中分離出來(lái)，JSP技術(shù)使得它更快，比以往更加容易地建立Web應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　JavaServerPages的技術(shù)是一種擴(kuò)展的JavaServlet技術(shù)。Servlets是具有的平臺(tái)獨(dú)立性的服務(wù)器端模塊，能夠很好的適合Web服務(wù)器架構(gòu)，可以用來(lái)以最小的擴(kuò)展、維護(hù)和支持一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)

47、器能力。不像其他的腳本語(yǔ)言，servlets涉及任何平臺(tái)的具體審議或修改；按要求并下載這些應(yīng)用部件，該系統(tǒng)的一部分也需要它們。</p><p>　　JSP技術(shù)和servlets一起提供了一個(gè)有吸引力的替代其他類(lèi)型的動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁(yè)腳本/編程。通過(guò)提出平臺(tái)的獨(dú)立性；增強(qiáng)性能；分離邏輯設(shè)計(jì)；易于管理；擴(kuò)展進(jìn)入企業(yè)；而最重要的是易用。 為建設(shè)交互式Web應(yīng)用，今天servlets是一種流行的選擇。 第三方servlet容器對(duì)于

48、Apache服務(wù)器、MicrosoftIIS和其他服務(wù)器是一樣適用的。servlet容器通常是一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和應(yīng)用服務(wù)器的組成部分，如BEAweblogic應(yīng)用服務(wù)器、IBM的websphere、太陽(yáng)JavaSystemweb服務(wù)器、SunJava系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用服務(wù)器等等。</p><p><b>　　行業(yè)背景</b></p><p>　　JSP的規(guī)格由SunMicrosyste

49、ms公司的全行業(yè)與產(chǎn)業(yè)界領(lǐng)袖企業(yè)和軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具市場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)品。SUN使得jsp規(guī)格免費(fèi)提供給開(kāi)發(fā)社區(qū)，其目標(biāo)是每一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器和應(yīng)用服務(wù)器能支持JSP的接口。JSP頁(yè)面共享了Java技術(shù)"寫(xiě)一次,到處運(yùn)行"的優(yōu)勢(shì) 。JSP技術(shù)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵組成部分是Sun的在Java2平臺(tái)企業(yè)版上的高擴(kuò)展架構(gòu)企業(yè)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　JSP技術(shù)的Javaee5平臺(tái) </p><p>

50、　　Javaee5的焦點(diǎn)是便于開(kāi)發(fā)利用Java語(yǔ)言說(shuō)明而推出的J2se5.0。Jsp2.1通過(guò)界定說(shuō)明依賴(lài)加入Jsp tag handlers和背景的聽(tīng)眾支持這一目標(biāo)的。Javaee5規(guī)格另一主要關(guān)切的問(wèn)題是已調(diào)整了其webtier技術(shù)，即Javaserverpages(Jsp)、JavaServerFaces(JSF)和JavaServerPages標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)簽庫(kù)(JSTL)。 這條路努力的結(jié)果一直是統(tǒng)一的表達(dá)語(yǔ)言(ＥＬ) ，它是語(yǔ)言表達(dá)

51、定義的JSP2.0和JSF 1.1的統(tǒng)一體。 統(tǒng)一的EL是主要的附加關(guān)鍵，調(diào)整工作有: 一個(gè)可插拔API為解決變量參照J(rèn)ava對(duì)象以及解決的性能來(lái)適用這些Java對(duì)象；支持延遲表達(dá)，這可能是評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)tag handler時(shí)需要的，不像其表達(dá)式的同類(lèi)，當(dāng)一頁(yè)需要被執(zhí)行和放棄的時(shí)候立即評(píng)價(jià)；支持出現(xiàn)在一任務(wù)運(yùn)作的左手方面的lvalue表達(dá)，當(dāng)作為lvalue使用時(shí)，一架EL表達(dá)代表提到了一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，例如: 一個(gè)JavaBeans的財(cái)產(chǎn)，這

52、是一些用戶(hù)輸入。統(tǒng)一的新EL是指在自己的規(guī)范文件,即隨著jsp2.1規(guī)范發(fā)表。多虧了統(tǒng)一EL，JSTL tags,如JSTL</p><p>　　Javaservlet技術(shù)的概況</p><p>　　servlets是Java技術(shù)的選擇，以擴(kuò)大和加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器， servlets提供一個(gè)基于組件的平臺(tái)獨(dú)立的方法建立Web應(yīng)用，沒(méi)有CGI程式的局限性的。不像專(zhuān)有服務(wù)器擴(kuò)展機(jī)制(如netsca

53、pe服務(wù)器API或Apache模塊)，servlets服務(wù)器的平臺(tái)是獨(dú)立的。這使得您可以服務(wù)器、平臺(tái)和工具自由選擇"最佳品種"的策略。Servlets連接Java APIs家族，包括JDBC API連接企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。Servlets還可以進(jìn)入HTTP-specific calls庫(kù)，并繼承所有成熟的JAVA語(yǔ)言好處， 包括可移植性、可操作性、可重用性、可維護(hù)性。為建設(shè)交互式Web應(yīng)用，今天Servlets是一種流行的選

54、擇，而第三方Servlet容器可以和Apache、 MicrosoftIIS等服務(wù)器兼容。Servlet容器通常是網(wǎng)絡(luò)和應(yīng)用服務(wù)器的一個(gè)組成部分，如BEAweblogic應(yīng)用服務(wù)器、IBM的websphere、太陽(yáng)JavaSystemweb服務(wù)器、SunJava系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用服務(wù)器等等。你也許會(huì)搜索Java Server Pages(JSP)技術(shù)的最新資料。 其實(shí)，JSP技術(shù)是創(chuàng)造支持寫(xiě) H</p><p><b

55、>　　JavaBeans</b></p><p>　　Javabeans技術(shù)是Java2平臺(tái)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版(J2SE)的建筑構(gòu)件的。 組件(JavaBeans等)是一種基于JavaBeans規(guī)范技術(shù)的可重用的軟件項(xiàng)目，你可以通過(guò)容易的開(kāi)發(fā)和組裝去創(chuàng)造復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　The Bean Builder</p><p>　　The Bean B

56、uilder是一個(gè)應(yīng)用組件裝配機(jī)制顯示視覺(jué)結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng)用的簡(jiǎn)單組件。</p><p>　　JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF)</p><p>　　JAF能讓您利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的服務(wù):決定任意片數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型、獲取資訊、發(fā)現(xiàn)可供操作的資訊，并且通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)腂ean實(shí)例來(lái)完成操作。Java2企業(yè)版(J2EE)是一種為開(kāi)發(fā)和部署企業(yè)應(yīng)用規(guī)定環(huán)境的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。它降低了開(kāi)發(fā)多層企業(yè)應(yīng)用系

57、統(tǒng)的成本和復(fù)雜性，因?yàn)樗峁┝艘粋€(gè)多層分布式應(yīng)用模型。 換句話(huà)說(shuō)，它可以繼承性的擴(kuò)展，因此通過(guò)各種申請(qǐng)，它也可以運(yùn)行在不同的裝置上。 </p><p>　　使用Java Server Pages(JSP)進(jìn)行Web應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)，可能需要一些互動(dòng)的J2EE服務(wù)。 舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)網(wǎng)上的庫(kù)存控制系統(tǒng)可能需要獲取J2EE的目錄服務(wù)獲取一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，或者你可以申請(qǐng)使用EnterpriseJavaBeans技術(shù)(EJB)。<

58、/p><p>　　這篇文章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了J2EE技術(shù)，它顯示如何:</p><p>　　描述J2EE技術(shù)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)部署 (web.xml)</p><p><b>　　參考j2ee服務(wù)</b></p><p>　　獲取和運(yùn)用J2EE服務(wù)JSP</p><p><b>　　J2EE概況</b&

59、gt;</p><p>　　J2EE的一個(gè)用于開(kāi)發(fā)和部署企業(yè)應(yīng)用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平臺(tái)?；诮M件的J2EE架構(gòu)使得開(kāi)發(fā)企業(yè)應(yīng)用更加容易，因?yàn)闃I(yè)務(wù)邏輯是組織可重用的組件，并且基本服務(wù)是由 J2EE以容器的形式為每一個(gè)部件種類(lèi)提供的。可以假想成一個(gè)組件和低層功能性組件的接口容器，因此，在一個(gè)應(yīng)用客戶(hù)組件能夠執(zhí)行前，它必須配置為J2EE的服務(wù)，并部署到其容器。</p><p>　　J2EE促進(jìn)web容器主持

60、網(wǎng)組分致力處理一種特定應(yīng)用的介紹邏輯，并且反應(yīng)請(qǐng)求從客戶(hù)多層應(yīng)用的發(fā)展(例如瀏覽器)。另一方面，EJB容器主持反應(yīng)請(qǐng)求從web層如圖1所顯示的應(yīng)用組分。</p><p><b>　　圖1 ： 多層應(yīng)用</b></p><p>　　使用這建筑學(xué)的應(yīng)用是可升級(jí)的。 這建筑學(xué)分離訪(fǎng)問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)從終端用戶(hù)互作用，并且鼓勵(lì)基于組分的代碼可再用性。 在web層， J2EE促進(jìn)對(duì)JSPs

61、的用途為動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)容的創(chuàng)作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)客戶(hù)端。</p><p>　　Custom Tags and J2EE</p><p>　　J2EE有很多為Web應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)商和JSP定制標(biāo)記開(kāi)發(fā)商提供。 您能從表1看上述，它有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)APIs充足的規(guī)定為送電子郵件，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，解析XML文件，等等。 您的Web應(yīng)用程序可能從這些APIs很大地有益于。 例如，您能為送可以由網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容開(kāi)發(fā)商容易地使用不熟悉Java