外文翻譯-物流斯洛文尼亞的物流運(yùn)輸信息邏輯集群

1、<p>　　物流：斯洛文尼亞的物流運(yùn)輸信息邏輯集群</p><p>　　Ales Groznik</p><p><b>　　1 序言</b></p><p>　　企業(yè)在尋找如何提升競爭力的方法時，創(chuàng)新是組織在商業(yè)模式下所尋找到的提升經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的有效辦法，在斯洛文尼亞，有著一些，包括斯洛文尼亞的物流運(yùn)輸信息邏輯集群（STLC）是其中一個

2、關(guān)鍵的群組?，F(xiàn)在，STLC處于一個正在動態(tài)增長的階段，需要商業(yè)模式的形成和足夠的信息量。這篇文章的主要目的是為了對目前處于信息化的STLC，還有鏈接供應(yīng)鏈管理（SCM）以及物流它們之間的差異，STLC的信息化是通過幾個階段所形成的。第一階段是對組織內(nèi)現(xiàn)有的業(yè)務(wù)流程建立模型（AS-IS模型）。第一階段結(jié)束后所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果給以后建立商業(yè)模式制造了一個深刻的看法。然后為了未來的建設(shè)，要通過對信息化的實施與堅持，信息化操作的結(jié)果都要對大家透明公布

3、包括其中的業(yè)務(wù)流程。對STLC的信息化處理是為了對商業(yè)模式的創(chuàng)新，業(yè)務(wù)操作的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，降低成本，提高績效，減少作業(yè)次數(shù)，資產(chǎn)的管理還有貨物追蹤。這些都是最根本的企業(yè)競爭力。</p><p><b>　　2 簡介</b></p><p>　　提高現(xiàn)有工業(yè)方面的競爭力，在全球化和世界供應(yīng)降低的情況下，讓企業(yè)對其業(yè)務(wù)操作還有與合作伙伴進(jìn)行降低成本的新的優(yōu)化方法。這些戰(zhàn)略合作還

4、有新的經(jīng)營理念，組成新的產(chǎn)品群組，供應(yīng)鏈管理，物流等，很多人都在有物流的價值節(jié)省提升10%~20%的國民生產(chǎn)總值。根據(jù)AMR的研究表明物流可以降低10%的成本，在這兩篇文章中我們可以知道，物流可以節(jié)省12%的國民生產(chǎn)總值。所以，這在這些年效率很高的公司為了休利特帕卡德，康博，施樂，戴爾還有貝納等公司提升利潤是很正常的。</p><p>　　有證據(jù)表明這一整個集群在公司以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)中都占有很重要的地位，這些集群把自有的

5、一些知識傳播，讓公司有新的市場跟新的機(jī)會，最后，導(dǎo)致他們在全球的市場上占有有力地位。</p><p>　　物流，波特定義成了為了地理環(huán)境比較集中的有關(guān)聯(lián)的公司，專業(yè)的供應(yīng)商，服務(wù)的提供商，在有關(guān)行業(yè)的公司和機(jī)構(gòu)的服務(wù)。他建議在一個模型里要有一個可以在世界范圍內(nèi)有影響有競爭力的公司。這個模型主要有四個先決條件，這類似于一個菱形圖案：要素，需求，企業(yè)競爭還有支持這項工作的產(chǎn)業(yè)。相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的支持是在國際化舞臺上競爭的資本

6、。其中有兩個重要的方面：通過具有國際競爭力的供應(yīng)商支持的情況下保證成本的效益和給貨的迅速；通過有國際競爭力的相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的扶持下協(xié)調(diào)分配好具體工作，對本地的消費(fèi)以及競爭進(jìn)行刺激。</p><p>　　文章中，表明了STLC經(jīng)過建模，分析和改善，在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化跟斯洛文尼亞的物流運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)過程進(jìn)行信息化研究，這就是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析盧布爾雅那大學(xué)商業(yè)信息學(xué)院對斯洛文尼亞物流產(chǎn)業(yè)的看法。隨著越來越加先進(jìn)的信息化進(jìn)程，物流公司既能快速的

7、與供應(yīng)商取得聯(lián)系也能迅速的把貨物交給他們的客戶。實現(xiàn)真正的信息化交流，而STLC在信息方面進(jìn)行投資后對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用能解決現(xiàn)階段信息化不足的缺點，讓網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為適合三方溝通的橋梁。</p><p>　　對于現(xiàn)在的物流公司而言，他們是假設(shè)為國際化提高供應(yīng)鏈，所以對信息化的依賴更加重要，對信息化的成功應(yīng)用就會降低庫存的成本，滿足客戶需求，對自身資產(chǎn)更好的管理等。</p><p>　　3 供應(yīng)鏈管理，物

8、流和電子商務(wù)物流</p><p>　　隨著信息化技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展，信息和知識，作為對物流行業(yè)密切相關(guān)的供應(yīng)鏈和物流產(chǎn)業(yè)被大家所熟識，供應(yīng)鏈管理的成功與否取決于電子商務(wù)的物流行業(yè)實現(xiàn)，就是電子商務(wù)物流，后來這兩方面通過信息化物流，物流運(yùn)用更廣泛在于現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)與供應(yīng)鏈的管理。</p><p><b>　　3.1供應(yīng)鏈管理</b></p><p>　

9、　在這幾年，企業(yè)已經(jīng)意識到了，公司的效率取決于供應(yīng)商還有用戶他們是否合作，所以為了提高企業(yè)在市場競爭中的競爭力，要經(jīng)營好自己的供應(yīng)鏈。</p><p>　　供應(yīng)鏈就是把貨物提供給客戶這個過程，從原材料的提供，供應(yīng)，生產(chǎn)加工，銷售產(chǎn)品給客戶這一流程。不同的企業(yè)，不同的組織都有自身的供應(yīng)鏈，這些供應(yīng)鏈都與自身的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模和自身的產(chǎn)品類型息息相關(guān)。這些關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)得到了供應(yīng)需求跟原材料，加工原材料之后在給予各個客戶。<

10、/p><p>　　在這個供應(yīng)過程中整個事件的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化管理我們成為供應(yīng)鏈，對供應(yīng)鏈有效的管理要顧及到如何協(xié)調(diào)好這些關(guān)系鏈中所存在的不同盡可能在降低質(zhì)量滿足客戶要求的情況下，可以降低成本，提高效率。</p><p>　　根據(jù)Chopra和Meindl的看法，一個供應(yīng)鏈里面有各種不同的階段，這些階段可以直接或者間接的滿足客戶對產(chǎn)品的需求。一個完整的供應(yīng)鏈不僅涵蓋制造商與供應(yīng)商，其中還有運(yùn)輸，儲存，銷售

11、商和客戶，在每一個因素中比如制造商，供應(yīng)鏈中可以滿足每一個客戶所需要的方面，這些方面不止只擁有，新產(chǎn)品的開法，市場中的營銷，財務(wù)管理，運(yùn)營管理，產(chǎn)品銷售，客戶服務(wù)。而且，供應(yīng)鏈的管理是對整個過程的設(shè)計，維護(hù)，運(yùn)作還包括客戶對供應(yīng)鏈的接受滿意程度。</p><p>　　STLC的供應(yīng)鏈包括轉(zhuǎn)手，運(yùn)輸，倉儲，財務(wù)各個方面?？蛻糇陨頍o法找到最便宜適應(yīng)的運(yùn)輸，所以由企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈來選取最適合的便宜運(yùn)輸方式。在整個物流過程中對

12、物流管理的操作理念與先進(jìn)的信息化系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行整合，將參與了STLC的公司為他們提供合適的信息招標(biāo)，在客戶的角度，讓他們對物流提供服務(wù)。</p><p><b>　　3.2物流</b></p><p>　　Oscar Morgenstern認(rèn)為實現(xiàn)物流的起源是在經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)中的一個基本意見。Morgenstern所發(fā)表的文章的本質(zhì)是：“物流所提供的準(zhǔn)確的資產(chǎn)而物流服務(wù)需要這些資

13、產(chǎn)的每一分在各個環(huán)節(jié)上，是用他們來維持現(xiàn)在或者以后在更高層面上的發(fā)展。這就導(dǎo)致了從根源與定位上保持這些方方面面達(dá)到整體的整合與實現(xiàn)?！?lt;/p><p>　　物流作為一門新的科學(xué)，在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中運(yùn)用于軍事領(lǐng)域，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，物流作為一門公眾科學(xué)被眾人所熟識。在這之后，人們能找到關(guān)于物流的很多不同的定義，其中之一就是庫伯定義：物流存在的目的是為了（在訂單，數(shù)目，質(zhì)量，時間和空間方面）在需要補(bǔ)充物品的情況下進(jìn)行

14、運(yùn)輸?shù)臉I(yè)務(wù)流程。它的意圖是規(guī)劃整個過程，操作和保持流通的貨物，進(jìn)行倉儲管理，從生產(chǎn)到銷售最后客戶手中，以滿足客戶的需求。</p><p>　　物流的成本與產(chǎn)品的價格息息相關(guān)，有一個對歐洲200家企業(yè)的調(diào)查問卷，結(jié)果顯示，物流的成本是7.7%的情況下，產(chǎn)品的價格比之前提升了22%。這項調(diào)查表明，有一大部分的成本開銷花在了產(chǎn)品儲存方面，這一潛在規(guī)律表明物流是供應(yīng)鏈中極為關(guān)鍵的一點，所以我們可以很容易的下一個定義，物流

15、是供應(yīng)鏈的一個關(guān)鍵的組成部分，有效的計劃，實施和儲存貨物，在服務(wù)相關(guān)信息從原產(chǎn)地到消費(fèi)者手中，滿足客戶需求。</p><p>　　3.3電子商務(wù)的物流</p><p>　　對綜合物流與與供應(yīng)鏈管理的電子商務(wù)來說是很難定義的，因為我沒還沒有完全了解它。一種接近的定義是：物流是一個相對簡單的過程，需要把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上出售的商品賣給客戶。而有另一種更加復(fù)雜的定義：物流是供應(yīng)鏈的整合，解決了其中有關(guān)鍵作

16、用的中介問題（批發(fā)商或者零售商），也像加入新成員一樣，第三方物流公司的出現(xiàn)，也讓人傳統(tǒng)的物流鏈，更容易接受電子商務(wù)的要求。</p><p>　　我們?nèi)绻吹礁舆h(yuǎn)，物流的意思是電子商務(wù)之間（商對商）的外部必要性，</p><p>　　但卻是電子商務(wù)與客戶之間（商對客）在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是的內(nèi)部必要的存在。電子商務(wù)的店鋪有很多個，它們每個店鋪在外部來看都像一個獨(dú)立存在的公司。如果在它們之間實現(xiàn)STLC

17、的物流理念，我們就會改進(jìn)它們現(xiàn)有的業(yè)務(wù)流程。改進(jìn)的過程必須通過實現(xiàn)物流在其中的關(guān)鍵性作用。如何在供應(yīng)鏈與物流中，為客戶提供適當(dāng)?shù)男畔?。很好的在客戶與信息供應(yīng)商，材料供應(yīng)商與客戶，傳遞材料與資料在網(wǎng)上交流。</p><p><b>　　4 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　我們計劃的目標(biāo)是對商業(yè)模式的創(chuàng)新還有工藝上進(jìn)行改造，改正現(xiàn)在模式上的漏洞，將工作程序跟業(yè)務(wù)流程重新

18、改變，有以下幾個要點：</p><p>　　有一個良好的環(huán)境從而有好的觀點與態(tài)度。</p><p>　　修正現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)上的漏洞而不是把整個技術(shù)全方位改變。</p><p>　　保持現(xiàn)有的核心與價值主張不去挑戰(zhàn)改變它。</p><p>　　積極的進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的物流任務(wù)。</p><p>　　在滿足這些情況后，運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)氖褂?/p>

19、模擬的業(yè)務(wù)流程，它能很好的執(zhí)行，方法，程序，組織改變原來人們對整個過程的認(rèn)知。</p><p>　　在項目建立，分析和改善下，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的斯洛文尼亞化的物流運(yùn)輸方式只是目前成功實現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)流程的第一步，下一步就會在商業(yè)模式中進(jìn)行一步步更新。</p><p><b>　　附錄：外文文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　E-LOGISTICS: INFORMAT

20、IZATION OF SLOVENIAN TRANSPORT LOGISTICS CLUSTER</p><p>　　Ales Groznik</p><p>　　In search of higher competitiveness, organizations are in search of innovative business models in order to foster

21、economic benefits. In Slovenia, several clusters are being formed, including the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster (STLC) as one of the most important cluster. Currently, STLC is in the stage of dynamic growth, deman

22、ding business model formation and adequate informatization. The main goal of the paper is to present the informatization of STLC, bridging the gap between Supply Chai</p><p>　　INTRODUCTION</p><p&g

23、t;　　Increased competitiveness in all industrial sectors, sharpened by globalization and the fall of global supply, is forcing companies towards the optimization of their business processes and new ways of mergers or part

24、nerships with direct results in decreased business costs. With these strategic alliances, new management strategies are formed as Clusters, Supply Chain Management (SCM), E-logistics, etc. Some authors are making referen

25、ces that logistics are “worth” 10% to 12% of the GDP (Sahay, 200</p><p>　　There is a collection of literature indicating the importance of clusters and networks not only between firms but also along the valu

26、e chain and across industries. The networks inherent in these clusters are integral for knowledge generation and diffusion, technology transfer, sharing risks and costs, allowing firms to access new markets and opportuni

27、ties and, finally, building comparative advantage in the global market.</p><p>　　Porter (Porter, 1990) defines clusters as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, servic

28、e providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions. He proposed a model that provides conditions that have to be met for a firm to be internationally competitive and successful. This model focuses on f

29、our primary conditions that he arranged in a diamond-shaped diagram:  factor conditions, demand conditions, structures of firms and rivalry, and related a</p><p>　　In the article, informatization of STL

30、C will be presented through Project Modeling, Analyzing and Renovation, and Standardization and Informatization of business processes of the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster, which is performed by the Business Infor

31、matics Institute at the Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. With informatization, logistic companies not only have better connectivity with their customers and suppliers but also better performance a

32、nd faster responses. T</p><p>　　For all logistic companies, it is assumed they control a global logistic chain of their customers and, therefore, are dependent on the successful implementation of informatiza

33、tion technologies, which leads to the decrease of inventory costs, better customer retention, asset management, etc. </p><p>　　1. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT LOGISTICS AND E-LOGISTICS</p><p>　　With

34、the development of information technologies and information knowledge, SCM and E-logistics were discovered as a close connection to Logistics. Successful integration of SCM depends on the implementation of E-business in

35、Logistics, called E-logistics. Afterwards, these two terms are shown through the system of E-logistics, with which the use of modern information technology complements SCM and Logistics.</p><p>　　Supply chai

36、n management</p><p>　　In the last years, companies have been increasingly realizing that the efficiency of their business is heavily dependent on the collaboration and co-ordination with their suppliers as w

37、ell as with their customers (Hieber, 2002). In order to increase their competitiveness, they carefully manage the Supply Chain.</p><p>　　A supply chain is the stream of processes of moving goods and services

38、 from the customer order through the raw materials stage, supply, production, and distribution of products to the customer. All organizations have supply chains of varying degrees, depending upon the size of the organiza

39、tion and the type of product manufactured. These networks obtain supplies and components, change these materials into finished products and then distribute them to the customer. </p><p>　　Managing the chain

40、of events in this process is what is known as supply chain management. Effective management must take into account coordinating all the different pieces of this chain as quickly as possible without losing any of the qual

41、ity or customer satisfaction, while still keeping costs down. </p><p>　　According to Chopra and Meindl (Chopra and Meindl, 2001), a supply chain consists of all stages involved, directly or indirectly, in fu

42、lfilling a customer request. A supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers themselves. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the s

43、upply chain includes all functions involved in filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not limited to, new product developme</p><p>　　The TLC supply chain is organized through transporte

44、rs, transport organizers, warehouses, and financial operators. An order in itself does not look for the cheapest transportation anymore but rather the cheapest transport option seeks for the chance to execute an order. I

45、ntegration of SCM philosophy in logistic processes is naturally calling for an advanced information system that will connect all companies involved in TLC and will serve them appropriate information needed for bidding an

46、d, from </p><p>　　Logistics </p><p>　　Oscar Morgenstern implemented a basic suggestion for the origin of logistics as a science discipline in the economy. The essence of Morgenstern’s theory in

47、the article is (Morgenstern, 1955): “Logistics activity offers exactly defined quantities of assets and serves for each branch which needed these assets and serves in order with their intention to sustain branches at the

48、 same level in present or in higher position in the future. This leads from the origin and must be orientated or with other </p><p>　　Logistics was as a science until the Second World War serving only for mi

49、litary purposes. After the Second World War, logistics became a civil science. After that time, we can find many different definitions. One of them is Cooper’s definition (Cooper, 1993): the intention of logistics is to

50、(at order, quantity, quality, space and time) carry out the transportation of goods for needs to supplement business processes. It is meant for planning processes, execution and controlling flow of goods, wa</p>&

51、lt;p>　　Logistics costs have an important influence on pricing a product. This was shown in a survey where 200 European companies participated. The results were that logistics costs are between 7.7% and 22% of the fina

52、l price of products (Po?ar, 2002a). This research shows that there is much cost saving reserve in logistic processes and one of the potential moves is to consider logistics as part of the Supply Chain. Thus, we can easil

53、y lean on the next definition: logistics is the part of the supply cha</p><p>　　E-logistics</p><p>　　It is difficult to define E-logistics comprehensively because the potential impact of e-busin

54、ess on logistics and supply chain management is not yet fully understood. One possible definition is that E-logistics simply mean processes necessary to transfer the goods sold over the Internet to the customers (Auramo

55、et al., 2001). Another more sophisticated aspect is that E-logistics are a wide-ranging topic related to supply chain integration that has the effect of eliminating intermediaries (such a</p><p>　　If we look

56、 wider, E-logistics mean doing e-business inside of the TLC between companies (B2B) and outside of it, between the TLC and customers (B2C) over the Internet. This whole integration of e-business ensures that the TLC from

57、 outside looks like one company, even though it is composed of many. If we want to implement E-logistic philosophy in all companies inside the TLC, we must renovate their business processes. Renovated processes are the b

58、asis for implementing E-logistics through logistic</p><p>　　2. CONCLUSION</p><p>　　The goal of our project is business model creation, process renovation, examination and reengineering of curren

59、t business policies procedures and activities. We believe the new paradigm can be embraced only by:</p><p>　　Creating an environment of technology, enlightenment and receptivity;</p><p>　　Treati

60、ng this as a holistic organizational transformation, not a technical issue;</p><p>　　Challenger core assumptions and value propositions;</p><p>　　Proactively establishing a distinctive Internet

61、presence.</p><p>　　With this case, it has confirmed that the analysis and carefully used simulation of business processes is useful since it provides insight into the policies, practices, procedures, organiz

62、ations, process flows and consequently shifts people's minds from functional to process organization.</p><p>　　Project Modeling, Analyzing and Renovation, Standardization and Informatization of business

63、processes of the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster are in the first phase of generating an AS-IS model. The next step will be renovation of the AS-IS model and creation of an appropriate TO-BE model on which the busi