物流外文翻譯3

1、<p>　　摘要：自從“一萬村”市場項目開展以來，連鎖超市就開始在農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展起來。物流和分配是連鎖超市運作過程中的紐帶，在超市的平穩(wěn)運作中起到重要作用。本土超市涌現(xiàn)出的很多問題，現(xiàn)在逐漸成為超市發(fā)展的瓶頸。在這篇論文中，作者將會分析現(xiàn)今存在于中國農(nóng)村超市的物流和分配方面的問題，然后提供一些相應策略解決這個問題。</p><p>　　關鍵詞：農(nóng)村地區(qū)，貨品分配，策略規(guī)劃，物流，連鎖超市。</p&g

2、t;<p><b>　　1 介紹</b></p><p>　　自從“一萬村”市場項目開展以來，連鎖超市作為一個新的運作系統(tǒng)及銷售模式，開始在廣闊的農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展。這些連鎖超市帶領農(nóng)民提高消費水平、縮小城鄉(xiāng)差異、提升農(nóng)村地區(qū)和農(nóng)村市場現(xiàn)代流通的發(fā)展。連鎖超市在農(nóng)民中很受歡迎。然而，物流和分配是連鎖超市的核心，卻仍非常薄弱。分配的優(yōu)勢是超市運作成本、利潤及相關合伙人附加利潤的關鍵。在

3、當前經(jīng)濟危機的形勢下，解決農(nóng)村超市物流及分配方面的問題，對農(nóng)村市場的發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展以及建設一個社會主義新農(nóng)村都非常關鍵。</p><p>　　1.1農(nóng)村連鎖超市物流及分配的一些概念和特點</p><p>　　分配是一個經(jīng)濟活動，是企業(yè)家基于消費者需求，用最有效的方式在分配中心或其它地點儲存貨物，并且把這些貨物運送到在合理經(jīng)濟框架內(nèi)的其他客戶。它包含購買、儲存、分類、貨物處理、遞送及其它活

4、動。它是一個物流活動的方式，結合了特別的、完整的業(yè)務流程。在農(nóng)村地區(qū)，農(nóng)民和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品獨特，所以，與城市物流分配相比，有著一些不同的特點。</p><p>　　1.2農(nóng)村地區(qū)的主要物流和分配問題</p><p>　　A．低均勻分布率和高運作成本</p><p>　　根據(jù)商務部調(diào)查，自從“一萬村”市場項目開展以來，農(nóng)村連鎖超市的覆蓋率已經(jīng)達到超過60%，但是分配率卻只有4

5、0%。這個數(shù)字不僅低于國內(nèi)連鎖超市60%的平均運送率，也大大低于國外連鎖超市高于80%的運送率。均勻分配有利于統(tǒng)一采購。商店不能得益于連鎖。這就會導致高物流成本。</p><p>　　B．不合理的物流和分配模式，導致信息讀取效率不高</p><p>　　最近，農(nóng)村連鎖超市的物流和分配渠道主要由分配中心、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和供應市場合作社、第三方物流和分配系統(tǒng)組成。事實上，這三種分配方式也同樣面臨著高物

6、流成本的問題。許多連鎖超市沒有建立自己的分配中心，因而不能滿足分配服務的需求。即使一些連鎖超市建立了自己的分配中心，也仍然存在很大問題。大多數(shù)農(nóng)村超市規(guī)模較小，缺少建立分配中心的資金，因此，一些分配中心不能滿足超市分配的需求。農(nóng)村連鎖商店分布較廣，單個的連鎖超市分配還是比較有限。收入比分配中心的建立和運作成本還要低。</p><p>　　C．分配中心的延后建立、低下技術水平、低分配水平</p>&l

7、t;p>　　農(nóng)村連鎖超市的分配中心改造和擴大都是基于原來的倉庫，這并不能滿足連鎖超市的服務需求。這些分配中心只能用來當倉庫、儲存及運輸，缺少了深層的貨品加工容量、信息加工以及反饋功能。這些基礎設施不夠，也缺少了機械化的檢測、加工、冰凍、冷藏、包裝及其它設備。電腦信息管理系統(tǒng)也遠遠不夠，導致了不能及時進行與供應商、總部以及分部的數(shù)據(jù)交換。很難有效地管理物流信息，所以所有功能的協(xié)作及整合程度仍然非常低。</p><

8、p>　　D．不充分的信息共享系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　農(nóng)村連鎖超市的信息系統(tǒng)構建是相對落后的。電子訂貨系統(tǒng)、電子數(shù)據(jù)互換系統(tǒng)以及增值網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)都還沒有使用。決策和信息管理系統(tǒng)也遠遠不夠。很難在連鎖超市、分配中心和供應商之間進行信息交流。所有這些都導致了不及時的采購及補充，進而導致供應缺口。很難在總部和分部之間得到及時的運作指引、銷售、管理、貨物運送和調(diào)動。此外，關于產(chǎn)品和服務的信息不能及時得到反饋。沒有體現(xiàn)當

9、地特色和農(nóng)民需求的產(chǎn)品配送可能會影響連鎖超市的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　E．小規(guī)模企業(yè)，缺少主導企業(yè)</p><p>　　農(nóng)村市場的消費潛力是巨大的，但是農(nóng)民的購買力卻有限。他們不會在短時間內(nèi)接受設計好的產(chǎn)品。同時，也存在很多問題。比如，需求分散、農(nóng)村物流運作的高成本、小規(guī)模、設施不夠、資金欠缺、沒有主導企業(yè)。很難達到物流、分配、管理以及經(jīng)濟規(guī)模效應。分配中心缺少專業(yè)的人才，尤其是那些熟

10、悉中國農(nóng)村市場的物流專業(yè)人才。雇員總體素質(zhì)較差，</p><p>　　大多數(shù)操作員對物流不了解，對物流的運作原則、業(yè)務分部接口、運作流程、行業(yè)標準、服務標準和現(xiàn)代信息技術運用更是知之甚少。在這種背景下，物流人才在農(nóng)村地區(qū)尤其稀缺，迫切需要培養(yǎng)懂農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民，并且能抓住當代農(nóng)村物流發(fā)展特征的物流人才。</p><p>　　1.3農(nóng)村連鎖超市的物流和分配策略</p><p&g

11、t;　　A. 選擇合適的分配方式</p><p>　　連鎖超市的物流和分配有四種方式：自己運送、第三方物流、公共運送以及供應商運送。由于農(nóng)村地區(qū)、農(nóng)民及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的特殊情況，中國零售業(yè)的發(fā)展和未來合伙重組的開展聯(lián)系在一起。因此，對農(nóng)村連鎖超市來說，采用公共運送模式更合適。近年來，連鎖超市建立了各自的的分配系統(tǒng)來有效利用物流資源，第三方物流和第四方物流逐漸發(fā)展起來。因此，復合型分配模式對中國農(nóng)村連鎖超市更合適。中小型

12、超市由于資金欠缺，建立自己的分配系統(tǒng)有一些困難。即使他們有能力建立自己的分配系統(tǒng)，也很難產(chǎn)生規(guī)模效應。薄弱的連鎖超市應該通過融資聯(lián)合建立分配中心，管理連鎖超市的所有分配業(yè)務。這樣不僅能達到物流資源的最有配置，提高物流運作的效率，也能減少投資成本。它可以提供聯(lián)合采購。同時，超市也應該把更多注意力放在與第三方物流公司的合作上。對于那些鮮活商品、冰凍商品，超市可以不統(tǒng)一分配。分配中心可以外包給第三方物流公司，以此達到快速反饋及及時運送。有分配

13、中心的超市可以通過委員會和委托人發(fā)展公共運送。如果他們購買少量商品，他們應該委托分配中心給予共同運送。大型的資金雄厚的連鎖超市，為了追求物流和分配的高效，可以建立自己的分配中心，達到每個分部的具體需求</p><p>　　B. 加強分配中心的構建以達到現(xiàn)代化</p><p>　　決定分配中心的規(guī)模。不同分部產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和類型不同，因此，要綜合分析物流市場以及未來發(fā)展需求，全面預測物流容量大

14、小、物流中心合理的大小及規(guī)模，然后優(yōu)化分配中心的規(guī)模、地點和功能。完善分配中心的功能。分配中心有許多服務功能，比如倉庫、運輸、采購、裝卸、分配加工、分配、信息加工以及反饋。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和其它商品可以和其相應信息一起加工。信息來源于農(nóng)民，他們可以提供大量高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品，保持不同功能的和諧。加強硬件和軟件的建設。</p><p>　　在硬件方面，自動化倉庫、自動化分類機器、電子貨梯、智能化輸送機、數(shù)據(jù)收集裝置及其它現(xiàn)代物流設備

15、都應該逐漸使用，以達到加工運作的機械化及自動化。為了滿足一些鮮活商品、易腐爛商品的分配需求，分配中心也應該加快運送速度，提高效率，減少物流成本及采用有冰箱和保存功能的倉庫。在軟件方面，我們必須注意物流信息系統(tǒng)的構建，以提高信息水平。分配中心應該建立電腦化的管理信息系統(tǒng)，包括電子自動化訂貨系統(tǒng)、電子數(shù)據(jù)互換、銷貨點系統(tǒng)和信息反饋系統(tǒng)。同時，也需要建立互聯(lián)網(wǎng)聯(lián)系供應商、分配中心和實體店之間的生產(chǎn)、供應和營銷，這樣一來，總體的購買、分類、加工

16、、包裝、儲存、運輸和其它分配運作才能緊密結合，保證物流分配中心的正常運作。這些方法都會帶來管理上的信息化和科學化。</p><p>　　C. 提高規(guī)模，建立嚴格的評估系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　通過回顧、評估和分析財務狀況、業(yè)務場所、人員素質(zhì)、運作地位，沒有能力或是有假冒偽劣商品行為的農(nóng)村商店將不允許加入農(nóng)村連鎖超市。滿足標準的商店必須訂立合同。主導企業(yè)優(yōu)先加入合同。在合同中，分配率不能

17、低于一個確切百分比。如果一個農(nóng)村商店的分配率一年中連續(xù)四個月或五個月都低于65%，其名單就會在特許經(jīng)營資格書上剔除。同時，為了提高連鎖超市的整體分配率，每個農(nóng)村商店的分配率必須達到某些要求。</p><p>　　D. 確立農(nóng)產(chǎn)品基地，保證農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應的安全</p><p>　　農(nóng)產(chǎn)品易壞，季節(jié)性強。為了保障質(zhì)量和運送容量，它們的運輸、包裝和加工都會更加困難。連鎖超市可以通過與某一地區(qū)的政府

18、部門合作，建立農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工基地，解決高質(zhì)量農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和附帶當?shù)禺a(chǎn)品。對農(nóng)民來說，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的分配渠道可以優(yōu)化農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟結構和產(chǎn)品結構，以此提高他們的經(jīng)濟收入。對超市來說，不僅能減少購買成本，保障農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量及安全，也能從當?shù)胤植康玫疆a(chǎn)品信息，與農(nóng)民建立良好的合作關系，逐漸提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，發(fā)展特殊產(chǎn)品，并且深度開發(fā)農(nóng)村市場。建立一個現(xiàn)代的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地對解決超市購買農(nóng)產(chǎn)品來說是個不可避免的選擇。</p><p>　　E. 培養(yǎng)物流

19、人才</p><p>　　當前，由于農(nóng)村連鎖超市缺乏物流專業(yè)人才，發(fā)展農(nóng)村物流業(yè)人才至關重要。引進高素質(zhì)人才可以解決這個問題，但是對已有員工的培訓教育更重要。連鎖超市可以建立自己的員工教育培訓中心，也可以把員工送往專業(yè)的物流公司或大學深造，提高他們的專業(yè)素養(yǎng)及水平。通過這些方法，分配中心可以提高效率。</p><p>　　F. 配置特殊產(chǎn)品，發(fā)展自有品牌</p><p

20、>　　配置價格低廉的產(chǎn)品需要基于當?shù)厍闆r，考慮農(nóng)民的消費心理、消費習慣以及消費水平。價格低廉的產(chǎn)品和自有品牌產(chǎn)品可以定位。對于有著密集人口和便利交通的農(nóng)村連鎖超市來說，他們可以根據(jù)產(chǎn)品類型選擇每天每月需要的產(chǎn)品。對于在鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的超市，人口相對分散，他們應該選擇適合農(nóng)村消費水平的生活必備品。他們必須實施嚴格的食品質(zhì)量檢測，防止假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品流入市場，以保證食品安全，創(chuàng)造一個舒適的消費環(huán)境，滿足農(nóng)民消費者的最大需求。他們同樣需要發(fā)展和培養(yǎng)自

21、我品牌產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢，擴大市場份額，提高服務質(zhì)量和水平，來提升企業(yè)的競爭力。</p><p>　　The Study on Logistics and Distribution Strategy of China’s Rural Supermarkets</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Since “Ten

22、Thousand Villages” market project was carried out, the chain supermarkets have been developing in therural areas. Logistics and distribution, the tie to various operating of chain supermarkets, play an important role on

23、the smoothly operation of the supermarket. </p><p>　　A lot of problems, which are from local markets, now is becoming the bottleneck of the development of supermarket. In this paper, the author analyzed the

24、problems present in current logistics and distribution of China's rural supermarkets, and provided some strategies to the problem.</p><p>　　Keywords-rural areas; distribution of goods; strategic planning

25、; logistics；supermarket chains.</p><p>　　I. INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　Since the “Ten Thousand Villages” market project was carried out, the chain supermarket, a new operating system and sale model,

26、has been developed in the wide rural areas. These chain markets are guiding farmers to increase consumption, narrow the gap between urban and rural, promote the development of modern circulation in rural areas and rural

27、market. It has been welcomed by farmers. However, logistics and distribution, the core of the chain supermarkets, are still very weak. The strength of d</p><p>　　II. THE CONCEPTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL

28、 CHAIN SUPERMARKETS’ LOGISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION</p><p>　　Distribution is an economic activity, that enterprises based on user needs reserve goods in the distribution centers or other locations by the most ef

29、fective way, and send the goods to users in the region within the reasonable framework of economic,. It includes the purchase, storage, sorting, cargo handling, delivery and other activities. It is a logistics activities

30、 way which combine with the special, integrated business flow and logistics. Because rural areas, farmers and agricultural product</p><p>　　III. THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF LOGISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL SUPER

31、MARKETS</p><p>　　A. The lower rate of uniform distribution and higher operating cost</p><p>　　According to the commerce department survey, the coverage of rural chain supermarkets has reached mo

32、re than 60% since “Ten Thousand Villages” market project was carried out while the distribution rate is just 40%.This is not only lower than 60% of the average delivery rate of domestic chain supermarkets, but also much

33、lower than the rate of foreign chain supermarkets which is more than 80%. .Uniform distribution leads to unified procurement. The stores can’t get advantages of chains. This will l</p><p>　　B. The unreasonab

34、le logistics and distribution patterns of reading information efficiently</p><p>　　Recently, our rural chain supermarkets’ logistics and distribution channels are mainly consists of distribution centers, rur

35、al food and supply-marketing cooperatives, third-party logistics and distribution system. Actually, these three kinds of distribution ways are facing to the same problem of high logistics costs. Many chain supermarkets h

36、ave not established their own distribution center and could not met the needs of the distribution services. Even though some chain supermarkets have establi</p><p>　　C. Delayed construction, poor technology,

37、 low distribution level of distribution centers</p><p>　　The distribution centers of rural chain supermarkets are transformed and expanded mostly on the basis of the original warehouse, which can not meet th

38、e service needs of chain supermarkets. These distribution centers can only be used for warehousing, storage and transportation. They are lack of deep processing capacity of goods, information processing and feedback func

39、tions. The basic facilities are inadequate and lack of mechanized equipments and testing, processing, freezing, cold storage, pack</p><p><b>　　low.</b></p><p>　　D. Inadequate informa

40、tion-sharing system</p><p>　　The information system construction of rural chain supermarkets is relatively backward. Electronic ordering systems, electronic data interchange systems and value-added network s

41、ystems have not been used. Decision-make and information management systems are far from perfect. It is difficult to communicate information among chain supermarkets, distribution centers and suppliers. All these lead to

42、 the untimely procurement and replenishment, resulting in supply gap. It is difficult to get timely op</p><p>　　E. Small-scale enterprises, lacking of leading enterprises</p><p>　　While the cons

43、umption of the rural market is potential, farmers’ spending power is poor. They do not accept designed products in the short time. Moreover, there are a lot of problems such as dispersion demand, high cost of rural logis

44、tics operation, small-scale, inadequate facilities, insufficient funds and without leading enterprises. It is difficult to achieve in logistics, distribution, management, and economies of scale. F. Distribution center wi

45、th unqualified personnel, lack of logistics ta</p><p>　　IV. THE LOGISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY OF RURAL</p><p>　　CHAIN SUPERMARKETS</p><p>　　A. Selecting the appropriate distri

46、bution ways</p><p>　　The logistics and distribution of chain supermarkets have four distribution ways which are self-delivery, third-party logistics, common delivery and supplier delivery. Because of the spe

47、cial properties of rural areas, farmers and agricultural products, the development of China's retail industry is bound to carry out corporate restructuring in the future. Therefore it is more suitable for rural chain

48、 supermarkets to adopt a common distribution model. The third-party logistics and fourth-party log</p><p>　　B. Strengthen the construction of distribution centers to achieve the modernization</p><

49、p>　　Determine the size of distribution centers. With the number and types of the various branches’ goods, through a comprehensive analysis of the logistics market as well as future development needs, fully prediction

50、of the size of the logistics capacity, the reasonable size and scale of distribution centers, then the size, location and function aspects of distribution centers will be optimized. Perfect the function of distribution c

51、enters. Distribution centers have many service functions, such as w</p><p>　　will be canceled the franchise qualifications. In the same time, the distribution rate of each farm shop must be of certain requir

52、ements to improve the overall distribution rate of chain supermarkets.</p><p>　　D. Establishing agricultural production base to ensure thesecurity of agricultural products supplication</p><p>　　

53、Agricultural products are perishable and seasonal, their transportation, packaging and processing are more difficult to guarantee quality and delivery capacity. The chain</p><p>　　supermarkets can establish

54、agricultural products processing bases, through the cooperation with government in regional areas, to deal with high-quality agricultural and sideline native products bought from farmers. For farmers, the distribution ch

55、annels of agricultural products can be changed to optimize the rural economic structure and product structure and increase their income. For supermarkets, it can not only reduce purchasing cost, ensure quality and safety

56、 of agricultural products, but al</p><p>　　E. Training and paying attention to the cultivation of logistics professionals</p><p>　　At present, it is important to develop talents of rural logisti

57、cs industry, the rural supermarket distribution centers are lack of logistics professionals. This can be enhanced by the introduction of qualified people, but the education and training to their own staff are more import

58、ant. Chain supermarkets can set up their own training center for staff education and training as well as send them to a professional logistics company or a college to improve their professional quality and technical l<

59、;/p><p>　　F. Configuring special goods, developing owned brands.</p><p>　　Configuring inexpensive goods needs to be based on local conditions. The farmers’ consumption psychology, habit and level n

60、eed to be taken into account. The cheaper goods and owned brand products can be positioned. For farm chain shops in the county with dense population, the convenient traffic, they can choose the consumer goods mainly and

61、daily supplement in the type of goods. For farm chain shops in the township, town and village with population dispersed, they should choose the necessities s</p><p>　　market to ensure product safety, create

62、a comfortable environment for consumption to meet the maximum needs of farm consumers. And they also need to develop and cultivate their own brand advantages, so as to expand further markets, attract consumers, expand ma