國際貨運在歐洲的發(fā)展是國際貿易和物流發(fā)展的結果【外文翻譯】

1、1外文翻譯原文TheDevelopmentofInternationalFreightTransptinEuropeasaResultofDevelopmentsinInternationalTradeLogisticsMaterialSource:InterAuth:Thedevelopmentofinternationaltradeisoneofthemaindrivingfcesbehindtheinternationaltran

2、scontinentalfreighttranspt.WithinEuropetheEuropeanintegrationhasgivenasignificantimpulsefthedevelopmentoftransbderfreighttranspt.Athirdelementwhichisofsignificantinfluenceonboththevolumethecompositionofinternationalfreig

3、httransptconcernsthe(intercompany)logisticsganization.Wherewhichactivitytakesplaceisbeingdeterminedbythelogisticsrequirementsoftheactsinthesupplychainmostimptantlyitsfinalcustomers.Thispaperdescribesmegatrendsthatareshap

4、inginternationaltradelogisticsganization(multi)modaltransptinEurope.ItfocusesonimpactsontheEuropeancontextbothfromthepeculiaritiesarisingfromtheEuropeanunificationprocesstheEuropeantransptpoliciesbutalsotakingintoaccount

5、thehighlyfragmentedtransptmarketthattriestocopewiththeincreasedlevelofcongestionthethreatfincreasingtaxesfuelpricesaswellastheeverincreasingservicerequirements.Ontheonehtransptsystemswillneedtoadjustbettertoaglobalizinge

6、conomywithahighervariationindifferenttypesofwksthaneverbefe.Thesplinteringofflowsthatoccursduetothedemsofcustomizationincreasedresponsivenesswillfcefirmstolookoutsidetheircompanybdersfcooperationintheendfscale.Thustransp

7、tsystemswillneedtobemeflexibleobtainamehybridnaturetoaccommodatebothslowlargescaleflowsaswellassmallscalejustintimeshipments.GLOBALWKMANAGEMENT:NEWDEMSUPON3competitiveenvironment.ConsolidationCollabation(hizontalaswellas

8、verticalcooperationbetweenchainpartners)arethemostlogicalwaystogeneratelowercostperunitoffreight.Throughconsolidationofflowslargervehiclescanbeusedtheloadingefficiencyisoptimized.Throughcollabationalsotheplanningoflogist

9、icactivitiesissynchronizedwithresultsisamuchsmootherseamlessflowofgoodsthroughthelogisticsystemwhichresultsinhigherutilizationbutalsocreatesthepossibilityofusingcheaperslowermodesoftransptavoidstheneedofsafetystock..Theh

10、ighlevelofresponsivenessthatisrequiredcouldpossiblyconflictwiththeabovementionedneedfslowersmootherflowsofgoodsbutavoidingofthispossibleconflictisoneofthebiggestchallengesinthedesignoflogisticwks.Thesetupofhybridwks(whic

11、hcreatedifferentpossibilitiesfflowstoreachtheirfinaldestination)bothfproductionwarehousingtransptationcreatestheflexibilityrequired.Partoftheproductionwithadempatternthatcanbepredictedwellinadvanceisproducedonfarawayloca

12、tionsthatusethelowlabcost.Therestoftheproductionispostponedtothelastpossiblemomentonlocationsclosetothecustomer.Valuableproductswithaverylowdemfrequency(Cgoods)arestockedcentrallycanbeshippedquicklyonlongdistancesifthere

13、ductionininventycostsoutweighstheadditionaltransptcostofsmalllotsizesusingexpressranspt.Theutilizationofcheapslowmodesoftransptincombinationwithfastermeansoftransptcansometimesbemuchmeadvantageousthanthatofhighspeedexpen

14、sivemeansoftransptespeciallyfproductswithalowvaluedensitywithahighlevelofdemcertainty.Assuchhybridwkscancombinetheadvantagesofbothwkalternativesthuscreatebothahigherlevelofefficiencyflexibility.Thehighlevelofresponsivene

15、ssthatisrequiredcouldpossiblyconflictwiththeabovementionedneedfslowersmootherflowsofgoodsbutavoidingofthispossibleconflictisoneofthebiggestchallengesinthedesignoflogisticwks.Thesetupofhybridwks(whichcreatedifferentpossib

16、ilitiesfflowstoreachtheirfinaldestination)bothfproductionwarehousingtransptationcreatestheflexibilityrequired.Partoftheproductionwithadempatternthatcanbepredictedwellinadvanceisproducedonfarawaylocationsthatusethelowlabc