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1、九年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)(人教版),Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.,第三課時(shí) Section A(Grammar Focus~4b),一、賓語從句(一)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可以分為三種類型:1.當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用that。that本身沒有任何意義,只起連接作用,在口語或非正式文體中常省略。eg:He said that Jim would
2、work hard.他說吉姆將努力學(xué)習(xí)。2.當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether。if與whether都有“是否”之意,在句子中不作任何成分,但是不能省略。eg:He asked me if/whether I worked in the company.他問我是否在那個(gè)公司工作。,單元同步語法精講,3.當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用原句中的特殊疑問詞。此時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞都有本身的意義,并且在句中作一定的成分,因此不能
3、省略。eg:He asked me when I was leaving for Beijing.他問我什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去北京。(二)賓語從句的語序1.當(dāng)賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),那么賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選擇。eg:I hear that Bill has been to Hainan already.我聽說比爾曾經(jīng)去過海南。I hear that they went to the beach yesterday
4、.我聽說他們昨天去了沙灘。,2.如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí),那么賓語從句也要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)與之對(duì)應(yīng)。eg:He said that he was watching TV when his father came back home.他說當(dāng)他爸爸回家的時(shí)候,他正在看電視?!緶剀疤崾尽?.當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱,并且謂語動(dòng)詞是think,suppose等時(shí),如果從句的謂語動(dòng)詞表示否定意義,則把否定詞移到主句中,即“否定前移”。eg:
5、I don't think the job fits you.我認(rèn)為這件工作不適合你。,2.if和when既能引導(dǎo)狀語從句,也能引導(dǎo)賓語從句,因此,遇到它們時(shí)要通過認(rèn)真仔細(xì)分析,準(zhǔn)確作出判斷。eg:If it rains tomorrow,I'll stay at home.如果明天下雨,我將待在家里。I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否天將下雨。二
6、、定語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,先行詞通常位于定語從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語從句的是關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose等)或關(guān)系副詞(when,why,where等),在句中位于先行詞和定語從句之間。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在句中起連接作用,同時(shí)充當(dāng)句子成分。,(一)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法1.關(guān)系代詞that既可指物也可指人,關(guān)系代詞which只用來指物;它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z或賓
7、語,that和which在從句中作賓語時(shí)??墒÷?;如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的賓語時(shí),介詞不能省略,而且介詞習(xí)慣上位于關(guān)系代詞which之前,但有時(shí)也可位于它原來的位置上。eg:He is the man that is waiting for you.他是等著你的人。This is the new bike (that/which)I bought last week.這是上周我買的新自行車。,2.關(guān)系
8、代詞who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人,分別作從句中的主語和賓語;whom作賓語時(shí),要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語。eg:This is the girl who won the first prize in the English competition.這是在英語競賽中獲得第一名的女孩。She is the girl whom I'm waiting for.她是我正在等的女孩。3.關(guān)系代詞whose用來
9、指人或物(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。eg:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.他們沖過去幫助小車拋錨的這個(gè)男人。Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我綠色封面的那本書。,4.關(guān)系副詞where用來引導(dǎo)表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。eg:This is t
10、he school where we study.這是我們學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)校。5.關(guān)系副詞when用來引導(dǎo)表示時(shí)間的定語從句。eg:I'll never forget the days when we used to play together.我從來不會(huì)忘記我們過去在一起玩的歲月。6.關(guān)系副詞why用來引導(dǎo)表示原因的定語從句。eg:This is the reason why I like teaching in the po
11、or village.這是為什么我喜歡在那個(gè)貧窮的村子教書的原因?!緶剀疤崾尽筷P(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。eg:Do you still remember the day when (on which) we first met?你還記得我們第一次相遇的那天嗎?,C,(二)定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞只用that的情況1.先行詞中既有指人的名詞也有指物的名詞時(shí)。eg:I love the sch
12、ools and teachers that gave us happiness.我喜歡給我快樂的學(xué)校和老師。2.先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。eg:This is the best movie that I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的電影。3.先行詞是數(shù)詞或被數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。eg:I think the first unit that we are learning is very difficult.
13、我認(rèn)為我們正在學(xué)的第一單元是很難的。4.當(dāng)先行詞是something,anything,nothing,everything,none,little,few,much,all,no,many等不定代詞時(shí)。eg:Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么我能為你做的事情嗎?,5.先行詞前面有only,all,any,no,last,just,very等詞修飾時(shí)。eg:Have you se
14、en all the movies that are directed by Zhang Yimou?你看過張藝謀導(dǎo)演的所有電影嗎?6.主句是who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。eg:Who is the girl that is singing in the next room?正在隔壁房間里唱歌的女孩是誰?7.先行詞被the only,the very或the same修飾時(shí)。eg:He is the very perso
15、n that I'm looking for.他是我正在尋找的那個(gè)人。8.先行詞是one,way,time,day或night時(shí)。eg:This is the one that I like best.這是我最喜歡的一個(gè)。,三、表推測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.must表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測,后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be的原形。eg:You have studied for five hours.You must be
16、 tired.你已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了五個(gè)小時(shí)了,一定累了。Our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.我們的老師一定是在批閱我們的試卷。,2.“may/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形”多用于肯定句,其“推測,判斷”的語氣不確定。may意為“也許,可能”;might不表示過去時(shí)態(tài),只表示語氣較may更弱,意為“或許,大概”。eg:I don't know where she is.Sh
17、e may be in New York.我不知道她在哪兒,她可能在紐約。The guitar might be Jane's.She plays the guitar.這把吉他可能是簡的。她彈吉他。It could be Mei's hair band.它可能是梅的發(fā)帶。,3.“can/could not+動(dòng)詞原形”用于否定句或疑問句中,表示否定推測或判斷,有“不可能”之意。用can't還是用couldn&
18、#39;t不存在時(shí)態(tài)差異,只是can't的語氣較couldn't強(qiáng)。eg:There is no light in the room.She can't be at home now.房間里沒有燈光。她現(xiàn)在不可能在家里。That man can't be Mr.Black.He is much taller.那個(gè)人不可能是布萊克先生。他高得多。,四、used to “闖三關(guān)” used to后接動(dòng)詞
19、原形,表示過去經(jīng)常性或持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),意為“過去常?!?。eg:I used to get up very early.我過去常常很早起床。When I was young,it used to be very cold in winter.我小的時(shí)候,冬天經(jīng)常很冷。(二)句式關(guān)used to的否定式常用didn't use to,疑問式常用“Did…use to…?”eg:I didn't use to r
20、ead novels.我過去不經(jīng)常讀小說。Did he use to smoke?他過去常吸煙嗎?,(三)辨異關(guān)be used to后面接名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式時(shí),表示“習(xí)慣于做某事”,其中to為介詞;be used to后面接動(dòng)詞原形時(shí),表示“被用來做……”。其中to是不定式符號(hào)。eg:I'm used to walking to school now.我現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣步行去學(xué)校。The computer is u
21、sed to store information.這臺(tái)電腦被用來儲(chǔ)存信息。,一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Mr.Wang said that he ____________(read) newspaper at eight last night.2.Home with Kids is one of the TV sitcoms that ______(make) us laugh again and again.3.Ou
22、r English teacher told us that Christmas _____(be) on December 25.4.The movie that we _______(see) last night was fantastic.5.Do you know the girl who ______________(sing) in the classroom?6.The lady in this photo can
23、't _______(be) over fifty!She looks so young.7.—Excuse me,when are we going to have a picnic?—I'm not sure.Ask our monitor,please.He may ______(know).,單元同步語法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練,was reading,makes,is,saw,is singing,be,know,8.I
24、was looking for the pen which I ________(buy)yesterday when you called me.9.Please pass me the cartoon book which ______(have)a Mickey Mouse on the cover.10.This is the primary school where I ________(study) three year
25、s ago.11.Some students are used to _______(ask) their parents for help when they meet trouble.12.There used _________(be)a quiet village here.13.I think you will be used to_______ (live) in the countryside.14.All of
26、us know that cotton can be used ___________(make) cloth.15.You used _________(go) to school by bike,didn't you?,bought,has,studied,asking,to be,living,to make,to go,二、根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子,每空詞數(shù)不限。16.她在中國所見到的情景使她感到吃驚。She wa
27、s surprised at ____________in China.17.告訴我你想要什么。Tell me __________________.18.請(qǐng)告訴我長城是何時(shí)建造的。Please tell me ________the Great Wall ________.19.你能告訴我他住在哪條大街嗎?Can you tell me ___________________in?20.你能告訴我這本書我可以借多長時(shí)間嗎
28、?Could you please tell me __________________the book?,what she saw,what you want,when,was built,which street e lives,how long I can keep,21.護(hù)士就是照顧病人的人。A nurse is a person ____________________________________.22.這是我讀過
29、的最好的書。This is the best book ______________________.23.我把這件事告訴了約翰,約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。I told the story to John _______________________________.24.西紅柿是一種對(duì)健康很有益的蔬菜。The tomato is a vegetable _____________________________.25.我們十
30、年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆除了。The house _________________________________has been pulled down.,who/that looks after/takes care of sick people,(that) I've ever read,who told it to his younger brother,that/which is very good for healt
31、h,where/in which we lived ten years ago,26.你已經(jīng)找到了今天上午我問你的這個(gè)問題的答案了嗎?Have you found the answer to the question that______________________?27.我們的老師現(xiàn)在肯定正在辦公室里工作。Our teacher _________________in the office now.28.這個(gè)年輕的女孩不可
32、能是你的老師。The young girl _________your teacher.29.這種小刀是用來切東西的。This kind of knife _________________things.30.當(dāng)我年輕的時(shí)候,我常常打籃球。I _____________basketball when I was young.,I asked you this morning,must be working,can't
33、be,is used to cut,used to play,三、按要求改寫句子,每空一詞。31.Could you please tell me what to do next?(改為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句)Could you please tell me _________________next?32.I find it hard to get along well with all my classmates.(改為含有賓語
34、從句的復(fù)合句)I find _______________to get along well with all my classmates.33.Look at the boy and his dog.They are running over there.(改為含有定語從句的復(fù)合句)Look at the boy and his dog _______________running over there.,what I shou
35、ld do,that it is hard,that are,34.The boy is from Japan.The boy's parents like Chinese culture.(改為含有定語從句的復(fù)合句)The boy ________parents like Chinese culture is from Japan.35.The classroom is very beautiful.The student
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