生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)名詞中英文對(duì)照表

1、分子生物學(xué)adenine(A)腺嘌呤base堿基guanine(G)鳥嘌呤nudeotide核苷酸cytosine(C)胞嘧啶nucleoside核苷uracil(U)尿嘧啶thymine(T)胸腺嘧啶basepair堿基對(duì)phosphodiesterlinkage磷酸二酯鍵nucleosome核小體ribosome核糖體ribosomalRNA(rRNA)核糖體RNAtransferRNA(tRNA)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)RNAmessengerRNA

2、(mRNA)信使RNAthecentraldogma中心法則semiconservativereplication半保留復(fù)制DNAdependentDNApolymerase依賴DNA的DNA聚合酶mitochondriaDNA線粒體DNAexonuclease核酸外切酶incpation摻入helicase解螺旋酶DNAtopoisomeraseDNA拓?fù)洚悩?gòu)酶singlestredDNAbindingprotein單鏈DNA結(jié)合蛋白

3、gyrase旋轉(zhuǎn)酶primosome引發(fā)體primase引物酶DNAligaseDNA連接酶igin起始點(diǎn)bidirectionalreplication雙向復(fù)制replicon復(fù)制子leadingstr領(lǐng)頭鏈laggingstr隨從鏈Okazakifragment岡崎片段rollingcirclereplication滾環(huán)復(fù)制telomerase端粒酶mutation突變nuclease核酸酶salvagepathway補(bǔ)救合成den

4、ovosynthesis從頭合成uricacid尿酸inosine肌苷elongationfact延長因子streptomycin鏈霉素tetracycline四環(huán)素chlomycetin氯霉素puromycin嘌呤霉素cyclohexie防線菌酮promoter啟動(dòng)子lacoperon乳糖操縱子tempalspecificity時(shí)間特異性spatialspecificity空間特異性housekeepinggene管家基因consti

5、tutiveexpression組成性基因表達(dá)induction誘導(dǎo)repression阻遏operat操縱序列cisactingelement順式作用元件transactingfact反式作用因子repress阻遏物activat激活物catabolitegeneactivationproteinCAP分解代謝物基因激活蛋白attenuation轉(zhuǎn)錄衰減attenuat衰減子enhance增強(qiáng)子generaltranionfact基本

6、轉(zhuǎn)錄因子zincfinger鋅指transfmation轉(zhuǎn)化transfection轉(zhuǎn)染transduction轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)transposition轉(zhuǎn)座transposon轉(zhuǎn)座子recombination重組homologousrecombination同源重組clone克隆cloning克隆化copy拷貝geicengineering基因工程restrictionendonulease限制性內(nèi)切酶cloningrect基因載體plas質(zhì)粒c