外部性和交通運輸外部性研究.pdf

1、北方交通大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文外部性和交通運輸外部性研究姓名：李紅昌申請學(xué)位級別：碩士專業(yè)：產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師：劉延平2000.2.1AbstractExternalitytheoryisrootedintheresearchofeconomicwelfareExternalityisastatewhereindividualobtainsutiIizationwithoutanycostExternality1eadstoimperfect

2、marketmodeinefficientresourcea110cationandnon—Pareto—OptimizationGenerallY，externalityiscitedasatypicalcaseofmarketfailurePigou、Marshall、Samuelson、Coase，etc，developedandperfectedthetheoryofexternality，andattemptedtoforma

3、integratedexternalityconceptionEspecially，Coase’stransactioncostthoughtsdeepenedtheresearchofexterna]itYCoaseTheorempointsoutthatundertheconditionofnotransactionCOSt，initjalresourcerjghtsaliocationcannotaffectitseconomic

4、efficiencyWhileourrealisticworldisfullofuncertaintyriskandtransactioncostwhichimpedepeople’surgetointernalizeexternalitySimultaneously，transactionCOStleadstothedifficultyofinstitutionsupply，whichononehandleadstothechangi

5、ngsubstitutionbetweengovernmentinterventionandmarketsystem，ontheotherhand，leadstogreatTechnologicalExternalityThesupplYofmarketinstitutiongivesrisetoinstitutionalPeeuniaryExternalityTherefore，itisofgreatimportancetosumma

6、rizeexternalitytheoryandwellorganizeexternalityconceptionThetheorymethodsandconcretemethodsofexternalityinternalizationtendtobecompleteTheorymethodsinclude：PigouTaxorSubsidy、enterprisemerge、propertyrightsidentificationan

7、dmoraladjustmentTransportationconcretemethodsinclude：travelcostmethod、protectionCOSLmethod、will—to—paymethod、dosereactionmethod，etcTheComparisonandclassificationoftheorymethodsandconcretemethodsofexternalityinternalizati