低工資或技術(shù)勞工？外國直接投資在發(fā)展中國家的前景【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目：LOWWagesskilledlabour？prospectsfFeigndirectinvestmentindevelopingcountries出處：departmentofeconomicseconomicsofGlasgow作者：farhadNobakhsh原文：LowwagesskilledlabourProspectsffeigndirectinvestmentindevelopingcount

2、riesFarhadNobakhshAbstractMostdevelopingcountriesconsiderfeigndirectinvestment(FDI)asaninvaluablesourceffillingtheresourcegapsthathindertheirdevelopmentprogrammes.MeoverFDIcanalsobeamediumfacquiringskillstechnologyganiza

3、tionalmanagerialpracticesaccesstomarkets.HoweveralthoughtotalFDIinflowshavespiralledinrecentyearsthebulkoftheinflowshasbeendirectedtoonlyalimitednumberofcountries.Thisraisestheissueofwhetheritispossibletoidentifyasetofgo

4、vernmentpoliciesthatmightenhancetheattractivenessofdevelopingcountriesaslocationsfFDI.ThefirstpartofthepaperanalysestheevolutioninthestructuralacteristicsofFDIdiscussesthechangingneedsoftransnationalcpations(TNCs).Theemp

5、iricalsectionofthepaperinvestigatestherelevanceofhumancapitalinattractingFDItodevelopingcountries.Theempiricalfindingsare:(i)humancapitalisastatisticallysignificantdeterminantofFDIinflows(ii)humancapitalisoneofthemostimp

6、tantdeterminants(iii)itsimptancehasbecomeincreasinglygreaterthroughtime.Thishaswiderangingpolicyimplications.PrivatecapitalflowsinthefmofFDIhavesoaredinrecentyears.Fromayearlyaverageof$50billionin198084FDIinflowsjumpedto

7、$300billionin199496.Between19801996wldwideFDIstock–ameasureoftheglobalizationofproductionincreasedfrom$480billionto$3.2trilliondoubledasapercentageofwldGDPto9percent.Developingcountriesreceivedabout40percentofglobalFDIin

8、flowsin199496comparedwith25percentin198084.Thedevelopingcountries’shareofthewldwideFDIinwardstockincreasedoverthepasttenyearstoreach30percentby1996.Thusalthoughdevelopedcountriesreceivedarecd$195billioninFDIflowsin1996th

9、erehasbeenasteadydeclineintheirshareofglobalinflowssince1989duetotheincreasingattractivenessofdevelopingcountries.WithinthegroupofdevelopingcountriesthedistributionofFDIflowsvarieswidelybothacrossregionalgroupingsindivid

10、ualcountries.Howevereverydevelopingregionsawanincreaseininflows.ChinahasbeenthelargestdevelopingcountryrecipientofFDIsince1992.With$35billionofFDIperyearduring199396–equivalentto35percentofFDIflowstodevelopingcountries13

11、percentofglobalFDIinflowsChinaisthesecondlargestrecipientinthewldbehindtheUnitedStates.3.FDIacteristicstheimptanceofhumancapitalTherapidgrowthofFDIhasbeenaccompaniedbyverysignificantchangesinitssectalcompositionaswellast

12、herelativeimptanceofitslocationaldeterminants.Broadlyspeakinguntilthe1950sFDIwasconcentratedintheprimarysectresourcebasedmanufacturing.TheavailabilityofnaturalresourceswasthemostimptanthostcountrydeterminantofFDI.Therela

13、tiveimptanceofthisfactasadeterminantofFDIdeclinedinthe1960s1970s.FDIflowedintothemanufacturingsectofdevelopingcountriestoentermarketsshelteredfrominternationalcompetitionbyhightariffsquotas(tariffjumpingFDI).Marketsizeit

14、sgrowthbecameincreasinglyimptantasdeterminantsofthegeographicalpatternofFDI4.HumancapitalasaresourcethatmayattractFDIHavingreviewedthecomplexinterrelationshipsthatareexpectedtoexistbetweenFDIhumancapitaltheobjectiveofthi