外科學(xué)試題總結(jié)2016

1、1.【Incarceratedhernia嵌頓性疝嵌頓性疝】Aherniawhichresultsintheentrapmentoftissuevisceraintotheherniasac.2.【Mirizzi’ssyndrome】benignobstructionofthehepaticductsduetospasmfibrousscarringofsurroundingconnectivetissueoftenassociated

2、withastoneinthecysticductchroniccholecystitis.3.【Fracture骨折骨折】theintegritycontinuousofboneisbroken.4.【Hydronephrosis腎積水腎積水】Dilationoftherenalpelviscalycesofonebothkidneys.Thismayresultfromobstructiontotheflowofurinevesic

3、oureteralrefluxitmaybeaprimarycongenitaldefmitywithoutanapparentcause.5.【Cardiopulmonarybypass體外循環(huán)體外循環(huán)】Thediversionofthebloodflowreturningtotheheartthroughapumpoxygenat(heartlungmachine)thenreturningittothearterialsideof

4、thecirculationusedinoperationsuponthehearttomaintainextracpealcirculation.6.【Intestinalobstruction腸梗阻腸梗阻】Intestinalobstructionisthepartialcompletemechanicalnonmechanicalblockageofthesmalllargeintestine.7.【cot’striadcot三聯(lián)

5、征三聯(lián)征】combinationofjaundicefeverchillsupperabdominalpainthatoccursasaresultofcholangitis.8.【Dislocationofjoint關(guān)節(jié)脫臼關(guān)節(jié)脫臼】Adisturbancedisarrangementofthenmalrelationofthebonesatajointinwhichthereiscompletelossofcontactbetwee

6、nthetwoarticularsurfaces.Thedirectionofthedislocationisdeterminedbythepositionofthedistalpartofthearticulation.Articularsurfacelosstherightrelationship.9.【Autonephrectomy腎自截腎自截】Intheadvancedstageofrenaltuberculosisseriou

7、sureterfibrosismaketheureterluminaclosedup.Theurinecontainingbacteriumnolongergetsintothebladdersotheirritativesymptomsofthebladderturnsimproved.10.【TheinguinalligamentofCooper（Pectinealligament恥骨梳韌帶）恥骨梳韌帶）】Thepectineall

8、igament(alsoknownastheinguinalligamentofCopper)isanextensionofthelacunarligamentthatrunsonthepectineallineofthepubicbone.11.【CardiacTamponade心臟壓塞心臟壓塞】Excessfluidbetweentheparietalviscerallayerssurroundingtheheartrestrict

9、thecontractionoftheheartearlysignoftheCardiacTamponademaybeanarrowingrangebetweensystolicdiastolicbloodpressureelevatedjugularvenousdistention.12.【Cushingresponse庫欣反應(yīng)庫欣反應(yīng)】InoccasionofintracranialhypertensionTomaintainana

10、dequatecerebralperfusionpressuresaturationofbloodaxygenthearterialpressurecanbeincreasedthebradycardiaappearstherhythmofrespirationisslowcompaniedwithhyperpneacardicoutputcanbeincreased.13.【Hematuria血尿血尿】Hematuriaisthepr

11、esenceofbloodintheurinegreaterthanthreeredbloodcellsperhighpowermicroscopicfieldissignificant.14.【Colles’fracture】Thisisakindofextended(pattern)whichisoccuredatthedistalradiuswithin3cmtothearticularsurface.Farendofthefra

12、ctureisdsalradialsshiftingangulation.Aplasterexternalfixationisrequiredfollowedwithmanualreduction.15.【Calottriangle膽囊三角膽囊三角】AreaboundedbythecysticductcommonhepaticC急性腎功能衰竭D腦疝E急性肝功能衰竭7在休克監(jiān)測中，哪項(xiàng)觀察結(jié)果表示預(yù)后極差甚至死亡率可達(dá)100％A中心靜脈壓

13、低于049KPaB肺動(dòng)脈楔壓超過4OKPaC乳酸鹽濃度超過8mmolLD動(dòng)脈二氧化碳分壓高于533KPaE血小板計(jì)數(shù)低于801010L8如未發(fā)生休克，休克指數(shù)應(yīng)是A01B05C10D15E209在心肺復(fù)蘇過程中，如發(fā)生陣發(fā)性室性心動(dòng)過速，宜首選A腎上腺素B阿托品C氯化鈣D利多卡因E碳酸氫鈉10下列哪一個(gè)手術(shù)屬于擇期手術(shù)A脾破裂B乳癌根治術(shù)C嵌頓疝D(zhuǎn)絞窄疝E胃潰瘍的胃大部切除術(shù)11下列各項(xiàng)感染中，哪一種屬于特異性感染A大葉性肺炎B.肝膿腫