藥學英語課文翻譯-課后翻譯節(jié)選-中英雙語對照-第四版

1、本篇包括人衛(wèi)第四版本篇包括人衛(wèi)第四版Unit3B，Unit4A，5A，8A，10A，12AB，13A等七篇課文等七篇課文Unit3TextBTheOtherSideofAntibiotics抗生素的另一面抗生素的另一面Antibioticshaveeliminatedcontrolledsomanyinfectiousdiseasesthatvirtuallyeveryonehasbenefitedfromtheiruseatoneti

2、meanother.Evenwithoutsuchpersonalexperiencehoweveronewouldhavetobeisolatedindeedtobeunawareofthevirtuesrealspeculativeofthese“miracle”drugs1.TheAmericanpressradiotelevisionhavedoneagoodjobofreptingthetrulyremarkablestyof

3、successesinthechemicalwarongerms.What′smeanyshtcomingsontheirparthavebeenmethanmadeupfbytheaggressivepublicrelationsactivityofthepharmaceuticalcompanieswhichmanufacturesellantibiotics.抗生素可以消除或控制很多種感染疾病，以致幾乎每人生病時都習慣于使用它而受

4、益，但是如果一個人沒有這樣的親身經歷，他必定是離群索居才會不知道這些“特效藥物”或真實或推測的優(yōu)點。美國的出版物、電臺或電視臺用大量的篇幅報道了有關對細菌的化學戰(zhàn)中獲得的這些顯著功績。而它的缺點卻被生產和銷售抗生素的制藥公司通過公關活動掩藏了。Incomparisontheinadequaciespotentialdangersoftheseremarkabledrugsaremuchlesswidelyknown.thelackofs

5、uchknowledgecanbebadespeciallyifitleadspatientstopressuretheirdoctsintoprescribingantibioticswhensuchmedicationisn’treallyneededleadsthemtoswitchdoctsuntiltheyfindonewhoissotospeakantibioticsminded2.相比而言，使用這些藥物的危險性并不廣為人知

6、。對這種知識的缺乏將更糟糕，特別是當患者要求醫(yī)生開處方用抗生素而事實并不需要，或患者頻繁地更換醫(yī)生直至找到一個同意開抗生素處方的醫(yī)生。Becausethegoodsideoftheantibioticsstyissoverywellknownthereseemsmepointheretoareviewofsomeoftheimmediatelongrangeproblemsthatcancomefromtoday’scasualuseo

7、fthesedrugs.Itshouldbemadeclearinadvancethatcalamitiesfromtheuseofantibioticsarerareinrelationtotheenmousamountsofthedrugsadministered.Butthepotentialhazardssolittletouchedongenerallydoneedaclearstatement.因為抗生素的好的一面已廣為人知

8、，今天抗生素的濫用導致短期或長期問題。我們預先應該知道與抗生素的巨大的使用量相比它產生危害的例子是少見的。但是，盡管十分少見，需要對這種潛在的危險作一個清楚的說明。Theantibioticsarenotstrictlyspeakingexclusivelypreiondrugs.Anumberofthemarepermittedinsuchoverthecounterproductsasnasalsprayslozengestroch

9、escreamsointments.Eveniftheseproductsdonoharmthereisnopointwhatsoeverinusingthem.Ifyouhaveaninfectionseriousenoughtowarrantthelaunchingofchemicalwarfareyouneedmuchbiggerdosesoftheantibioticsthananyofthenonpreionproductsa

10、reallowedtocontain.嚴格來講，抗生素并不全是處方藥。許多抗生素被允許作為非處方藥(如鼻噴霧劑、鍵劑、片劑、軟膏和乳膏)盡管它們沒有危害，也不能隨意地使用。如果你患了嚴重的感染，你就得需要比非處方藥所允許最大劑量更大劑量的抗生素了。Overthecounterproductshoweveraccountfonlyasmallpercentageoftotalantibioticsproduction.Itisthepre

11、iondosagesthatgivepeopletrouble.用足夠的治療量，即使在藥物吃完以前癥狀似乎已經消失。少數(shù)情況下聯(lián)合用藥可以推遲或降低耐藥性的產生。用鏈霉素單獨治療結核病會導致高度的耐藥，但如果鏈霉素聯(lián)用對氨基水楊酸或異煙肼將大大降低耐藥性。Inhospitaltreatmentofsevereinfectionsthesensitivityoftheinfectingganismtoappropriateantibiot

12、icsisdeterminedinthelabatybefetreatmentisstarted.Thisenablesthedocttothemosteffectivedrugdrugsitdetermineswhethertheantibioticisbactericidalbacteriostaticfthegermsathitsuggeststheamountneededtodestroythegrowthofthebacter

13、iacompletely.Ineitherhospitalhomeasepticmeasurescanhelptoreducetheprevalenceofresistantstrainsofgermsbypreventingcrossinfectiontheresultantspreadingofganisms.在醫(yī)院治療嚴重感染時，感染菌對抗生素的敏感性在治療前已在實驗室確定，這樣可以使醫(yī)生選擇最有效的藥物，可以決定使用抑菌還是殺菌

14、的抗生素，并可對能完全破壞細菌生長所需的用量給出建議。無論在醫(yī)院或是在家里，無菌措施由于避免了交叉感染以及由此造成的生物體傳播，從而可以降低細菌耐藥菌株的廣泛流行。Everyoneoftheantibioticsispotentiallydangerousfsomepeople.Severalseriousreactionsmayresultfromtheiruse.Oneisaseveresometimesfatalshocklike

15、anaphylacticactionwhichmaystrikepeoplewhohavebecomesensitizedtopenicillin.Anaphylacticreactionhappenslessfrequentlyislessseverewhentheantibioticisgivenbymouth.Itismostapttooccurinpeoplewithahistyofallergyarecdofsensitivi

16、tytopenicillin.Verysmallamountsofpenicillineventhetraceswhichgetintothemilkofcowsfafewdaysaftertheyaretreatedwiththeantibioticfmastitismaybesufficienttosensitizehencethestrongcampaignbyfooddrugofficialstokeepsuchmilkofft

17、hemarket.對有些人來說任何一種抗生素都可能有潛在的危險。一些嚴重的反應可能是由于它們的應用產生的，其中之一就是嚴重的有時甚至是致死性的過敏性休克，對青霉素過敏的人使用青霉素將很危險?？诜股貙⑹惯^敏頻率降低或降低嚴重性。青霉素過敏或有過敏史者更容易發(fā)生。奶牛使用抗生素治療乳腺炎幾天后，其牛奶中帶入的極其少量甚至痕量的青霉素也可能足以引起過敏。所以食品藥品監(jiān)督官員采取強有力的措施防止這種牛奶進人市場。Tominimizether

18、iskofanaphylacticshockinillnesseswhereinjectionsofpenicillinarethepreferredtreatmentacarefuldoctwillquestionthepatientcarefullyaboutallergiespreviousreactions.Incaseofdoubtanotherantibioticwillbesubstitutediffeasibleothe

19、rprecautionarymeasureswillbetakenbefetheinjectionisgiven.當注射青霉素是首選治療方案時，為降低這種過敏性休克，謹慎的醫(yī)生會仔細詢問病人的過敏史及其反應。如過敏史不清楚，醫(yī)生會用其他抗生素代替或注射前用其他方法檢查其是否過敏。Otheruntowardreactionstoantibioticsaregastrointestinaldisders—suchassemouthcramp

20、sdiarrheaanalitch—whichoccurmostfrequentlyafteruseofthetetracyclinegroupbuthavealsobeenencounteredafteruseofpenicillinstreptomycin.Thesereactionsmayresultfromsuppressionbytheantibioticofbacterianmallyfoundinthegastrointe

21、stinaltract.Withtheircompetitionremovedantibioticresistantstaphylococcifungiwhichalsoarenmallypresentarefreetoflourishcausewhatiscalledasuperinfection.Suchinfectionscanbeextremelydifficulttocure.其他抗生素不良反應包括胃腸道不適，如口腔疼痛、痙攣