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1、Chapter1InvitationstoLinguistics1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfhuman__________.A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community2.WhichofthefollowingwdsisentirelyarbitraryA.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang3.Thef
2、unctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is__________.A.interrogativeB.directiveC.infmativeD.perfmative4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowlaplatethehostthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（歲歲）平安碎碎（歲歲）平安”asameanso
3、fcontrollingthefceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.WhichfunctionsdoesitperfmA.InterpersonalB.EmotiveC.PerfmativeD.Recreational5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscau
4、sedbytimeplaceduetothisfeatureoflanguagespeakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituationA.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccdingtothefunc
5、tionsoflanguage—Anicedayisn’tit—Right!Ireallyenjoythesunlight.A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerfmativeD.Interpersonal7.__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.A.Per
6、fmanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole8.Whenadogisbarkingyouassumeitisbarkingfsomethingatsomeonethatexistshearnow.Itcouldn’tbesrowfulfsomelostlovelostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.A.culturaltransmissionB.pro
7、ductivityC.displacementD.duality9.__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.A.PsycholinguisticsB.AnthropologicallinguisticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics10.__________dealswithlanguagea
8、pplicationtootherfieldsparticularlyeducation.A.LinguistictheyB.PracticallinguisticsC.AppliedlinguisticsD.ComparativelinguisticsII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretruefalse.(10%)11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunicat
9、ion.Therefethecommunicationwayusedbythedeafmuteisnotlanguage.12.Languagechangeisuniversalongoingarbitrary.13.Speakingisthequickestmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprim
10、arymediumfalllanguages.15.Wewereallbnwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguagewhichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeicallytransmitted.A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.mpheme3.Anaspiratedpanunaspiratedpanunreleasedpare_________
11、_ofthepphoneme.A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.mphemesD.allophones4.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcdsissometimesreferredtoas__________.A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula5.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthec
12、enterareknownas__________diphthongs.A.wideB.closingC.narrowD.centering6.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.A.minimalpairsB.allomphsC.phonesD.allophones7.Whichbranchofphoicsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds
13、A.AcousticphoicsB.ArticulatyphoicsC.AudityphoicsD.Noneoftheabove8.WhichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccdingtoplacesofarticulationA.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]9.WhichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccdingtotheacteristicsofvowelsA.[i:]
14、B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]10.WhatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcdsarevibratingA.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.ConsonantII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretruefalse.(10%)11.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonolo
15、gicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegmentphonemesuchassyllablewdsentence.12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.13.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurint
16、hesameenvironmentdonotcontrastnamelythesubstitutionofoneftheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentwdbutmerelyadifferentpronunciation.14.[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.15.Acousticphoicsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.16.Allsy
17、llablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetacoda.17.Whenpurevowelsmonophthongsarepronouncednovowelglidestakeplace.18.Accdingtothelengthtensenessofthepronunciationvowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxlongvs.sht.19
18、.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.20.Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonantitisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.35.Whatisacousticphoics（中國人民大學，（中國人民大學，20
19、03）36.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation（南開大學，（南開大學，2004）VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)37.WritethesymbolthatcrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoicdeionsthengiveanEnglishwdthat
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