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1、Designation:C914?09(Reapproved2015)StardTestMethodfBulkDensityVolumeofSolidRefractiesbyWaxImmersion1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC914thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoption

2、inthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodcoversthebasicprocedurefdetermin

3、ingbulkdensityvolumeofrefractyshapes.Thistestisapplicabletoallrefractyshapesmonolithsburnedunburnedindependentofcompositionfmingmethodincludingmaterialsthatslakehydrate.Itisparticularlysuitablefdeterminingbulkdensityvolu

4、meofcomplexshapesafterfmingsinceresultsmaybeobtainedinamatterofminutes.1.2Units—Thevaluesstatedininchpoundunitsaretoberegardedasstard.ThevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathematicalconversionstoSIunitsthatareprovidedfinfmatio

5、nonlyarenotconsideredstard.1.2.1Exception—ThebalanceusedinthisstardisonlyavailableinSIunits(Sections3–6).1.3Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofth

6、isstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.FaspecifichazardstatementseeNote2.2.SignificanceUse2.1Thistestmethodmaybeusedtoquicklydeterminevolumebulkdensityofa

7、refractyofanyshapeprovidedithassufficientstructuralintegritytopermithling.Thusitmaybeusedonunfiredfiredstrongfriableshapes.2.2Sincethetestmaybeperfmedquicklyithasfoundapplicationasmanufacturinginprocesscontrolaswellasina

8、cterizingfinishedrefractyproducts.Alsoitmaybeusedtoexaminespecimensafterothertestserviceexposure.3.Apparatus3.1Paraff?nWaxfullyrefinedthathasaknownconstantdensityKthatdoesnotchangeafterrepeatedmeltingcoolingcycles.NOTE1—

9、Theparaffinwaxesgenerallyusedarecommerciallyavailablehavedensityvaluesintherange54.29pcfto56.78pcf(0.87to0.91gcm3).Alsothesewaxesmeltatapproximately135F(57C).3.2WaxMeltingContainerusedtomeltthewaxbutshouldnotallowthewaxt

10、ooverheat.Acontainerheatedbyhotwaterpreferablythermostaticallycontrolledissatisfacty.Thewaxshouldbeheatedtoonlyslightlyabovethemeltingpointtoavoidflashingofthewaxvapstopermitquicklyfmingaunifmsurfacecoatingofwax.NOTE2—Ca

11、ution:Vapsgivenoffbymoltenwaxignitespontaneouslyatabove400F(205C)shouldnotbeallowedtocomeincontactwiththeheatingelementopenflame.3.3Balancecapableofdeterminingtheweightsofthespecimenstofoursignificantfigures.Thusspecimen

12、sweighingfrom100to999gshouldbeweighedtoonedecimalplacethosefrom10to99gshouldbeweighedtotwodecimalplacessofth.4.Sampling4.1Atleastfiverepresentativespecimensshouldbechosenoftherefractytobeacterized.Thesemaybewholeshapesbr

13、okenpiecesdependingonthepurposeofthetest.5.Procedure5.1PreparationofSpecimens—Thetestspecimensshallbedriedtoaconstantweightbyheatingto220to230F(105to110C)toremoveentrappedmoisturewhichwouldaffectthebulkdensitydeterminati

14、on.Thisdryingprocessmaybeomittedwhenspecimensareknowntobedrywhenitisdesiredtomakedensitydeterminationsonmoisturecontainingspecimenssuchasbrickshapesimmediatelyafterfming.5.2InitialWeightW—DeterminetheinitialweightWofeach

15、testspecimeningramstofoursignificantfigures.5.3CoatingtheTestSpecimen:5.3.1Coatthespecimenwithwaxbydippingthespecimenintothecontainerofmeltedwax.Thecoatingiseasilyappliedbyholdingoneendofthespecimenimmersingonehalftotwot

16、hirdsofit.Thenholdthewaxedendimmersetheunwaxedptionplusasmalloverlapintothewaxtoprovideacompletecoating.5.3.2Takecarenottoentrapairbubblesunderthewax.Iffoundpressthesebubblesoutsothewaxconfmsexactlyto1Thistestmethodisund

17、erthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC08onRefractiesisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC08.03onPhysicalProperties.CurrenteditionapprovedMarch12015.PublishedMay2015.iginallyapprovedin1979.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009a

18、sC914–09.DOI:10.1520C091409R15.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates18.2.1InterlabatyTestProgram—Interlabatystudywasconductedbyfivelabatiesusingthreereplicationstwod

19、uplicaterunsonthesamespecimen.Thespecimenwas21?2in.(63.5mm)series9in.(229mm)straightsofoxynitridebondedsiliconcarbidecutintoquarterbricksapproximately4.5by2.25by1.5in.(114by57by38mm).8.2.2Precision:8.2.2.1Repeatability—T

20、wotestresultseachcomposedoffivespecimensfromonelabatyshouldbeconsideredsignificantlydifferentatthe95%confidenceleveliftheirdifferenceexceedstheRepeatabilityIntervalIrfthegraverageinTable2.8.2.2.2Reproducibility—Twotestre

21、sultseachcomposedoffivespecimensfromtwolabatiesshouldbeconsideredsignificantlydifferentatthe95%confidenceleveliftheirdifferenceexceedstheReproducilibityIntervalIRfthegraverageinTable2.8.2.3Bias—Nojustifiablestatementcanb

22、emadesincethereisnoacceptedreferencematerialthetruevaluesofbulkdensitycannotbeestablishedbyanacceptedreferencemethod.9.Keywds9.1bulkdensityrefractyshapessolidrefractiesvolumewaximmersionASTMInternationaltakesnopositionre

23、spectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstard.Usersofthisstardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrightstheriskofinfringementofsuchrightsareentirelyth

24、eirownresponsibility.Thisstardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteemustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsifnotrevisedeitherreapprovedwithdrawn.Yourcommentsareinvitedeitherfrevisionofthisstardfadditionalsta

25、rdsshouldbeaddressedtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommitteewhichyoumayattend.Ifyoufeelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushouldma

26、keyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStardsattheaddressshownbelow.ThisstardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959UnitedStates.Individualreprints(singlemultiplecopies)ofthissta

27、rdmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheaboveaddressat6108329585(phone)6108329555(fax)(email)throughtheASTMwebsite(www.astm.g).PermissionrightstophotocopythestardmayalsobesecuredfromtheCopyrightClearanceCenter222RosewoodDriv

28、eDanversMA01923Tel:(978)6462600TABLE2BulkDensityMeasurementPrecisionStardDeviationMaterialAverageWithinLabatiesSrBetweenLabatiesSLRepeatabilityIntervalIrReproducibilityIntervalIRA2.5850.00330.00660.00940.0210B2.5690.0033

29、0.00260.00940.0120C2.6190.00410.00090.01150.0120D2.6220.00330.00200.00940.0110E2.5990.00240.00240.00670.0094GrAverage2.5990.00330.00290.00930.0131RelativePrecisionCoefficientofVarianceMaterialAverageWithinLabaties%VrBetw

30、eenLabaties%VLRelativeRepeatabilityInterval%IrRelativeReproducibilityInterval%IRA2.5850.1290.2570.360.81B2.5690.1300.1030.370.47C2.6190.1560.0330.440.45D2.6220.1270.0770.360.42E2.5990.0910.0910.260.36GrAverage2.5990.1270

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