【astm標準】e 2081 - 00 (2015)

1、Designation:E2081?00(Reapproved2015)StardGuidefRiskBasedCrectiveAction1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2081thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearof

2、lastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.INTRODUCTIONThisguideprovidesguidancefthedevelopmentofaRiskBasedCrectiveAction(RBCA)

3、programthatintegratesthesciencesofecologicalhumanhealthriskbaseddecisionmakingintothecrectiveactionprocess.TheRBCAprovidesaflexibletechnicallydefensibleframewkfcrectiveactionthatisapplicabletoawiderangeofsiteschemical(s)

4、ofconcern.Theframewkincpatesatieredanalyticalapproachapplyingincreasinglycomplexlevelsofdatacollectionanalysisastheuserproceedsthroughtheprocess.Itprovidesastartingpointftheintegrationofmultipleregulatyprogramsintoasitew

5、idecrectiveactionactivityatechnicallydefensibleprocessfachieving“NoFurtherAction.”ThesuccessfulimplementationoftheRBCAframewkisdependentonanunderstingbytheuserofthetechnicalpolicydecisionsthatarecriticaltotheriskmanageme

6、ntprocesstheidentificationdeterminationofthesetechnicalpolicydecisionspritobeginningtheprocess(see3.2.60).TherearenumeroustechnicalpolicydecisionsthatmustbemadetoimplementtheRBCAprocessfexampledefiningdataqualityobjectiv

7、esdeterminingtargetrisklevelsaddressingresourceprotection.Itisnottheintentofthisguidetodefineappropriatetechnicalpolicydecisions.TheRBCAprocessisnotintendedtoreplaceexistingregulatyprogramsbutrathertocomplementtheseprogr

8、ams.RegardlessofwhetheracrectiveactionisspecificallygovernedbyaregulatyprogramtheusershouldconsulttheregulatyagencyrequirementstoidentifytheappropriatetechnicalpolicydecisionspritoimplementingtheRBCAprocess.TheRBCAproces

9、sencouragesuserledinitiativesstakeholderinvolvementinboththedevelopmentofthetechnicalpolicydecisionstheRBCAprogram.Itrecognizesthediversityofsitesprovidesappendixesfpossibleapplicationsexamples.Theappendixesareprovidedfa

10、dditionalinfmationarenotmatysectionsofthisstardguide.ASTMstardsarenotfederalstateregulationstheyareconsensusstardsthatcanvoluntarilybefollowed.1.Scope1.1Thisisaguidefconductingriskbasedcrectiveaction(RBCA)atchemicalrelea

11、sesitesbasedonprotectinghumanhealththeenvironment.TheRBCAisaconsistentdecisionmakingprocessftheassessmentresponsetochemicalreleases.Chemicalreleasesitesvarygreatlyintermsofcomplexityphysicalchemicalacteristicsintheriskth

12、attheymayposetohumanhealththeenvironment.TheRBCAprocessrecognizesthisdiversitybyusingatieredapproachthatintegratessiteassessmentresponseactionswithhumanhealthecologicalriskassessmenttodeterminetheneedfremedialactiontotai

13、lcrectiveactionactivitiestositespecificconditionsrisks.TheevaluationsmethodsusedintheRBCAprocessbeginwithsimpleanalysesinTier1movetomecomplexevaluationsineitherTier2Tier3asapplicable.Theprocessofgatheringevaluatingdatais

14、conductedinascaledfashion.Consequentlyonlythedatathatarenecessaryfaparticulartier’sdecisionmakingarecollectedatthattier.1.2Thisguidedescribesanapproachfriskbasedcrectiveaction.Itisintendedtohelpdirectstreamlinethecrectiv

15、eactionprocesstocomplementbutnottosupersedefederalstatelocalregulations.Itcanbeemployedatsiteswherecrectiveactionisbeingconductedincludingsiteswheretheremaynotbearegulatyframewkfcrectiveactionwheretheuserwishestoconductc

16、rectiveactionsuchassitesinvoluntarycleanupprogramsunderBrownfieldsinitiatives.Inadditionitcanalsobeusedasaunifyingframewkwhenseveraldifferentagencyprogramsaffectthesite.Furthermetheusershouldbeawareofthefederalstatelocal

17、crectiveactionprogramsthatare1ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmentalAssessmentRiskManagementCrectiveActionisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE50.04onCrectiveAction.CurrenteditionapprovedApri

18、l12015.PublishedMay2015.iginallyapprovedin1998.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2010asE208100(2010)ε1.DOI:10.1520E208100R5.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates11.8.14If

19、siteconditionsdonotmeetcrectiveactiongoalsfchemical(s)ofconcernthenonemeofthefollowingactionsisappropriate:1.8.14.1Furthertierevaluation1.8.14.2Implementinterimremedialaction1.8.14.3Designimplementremedialactiontoachieve

20、thecrectiveactiongoals.1.8.15DefineTier3datarequirementsdataqualityobjectivescollectadditionalsitespecificinfmationupdatethesiteconceptualmodelasnecessaryiffurthertierevaluationiswarranted1.8.16Developpoint(s)ofdemonstra

21、tionTier3crectiveactiongoalsbasedonSSTLSSECMCwhereappropriate1.8.17ComparesiteconditionstotheTier3crectiveactiongoals1.8.18Ifsiteconditionsmeetcrectiveactiongoalsfchemical(s)ofconcernthennofurtheractioniswarranted1.8.19I

22、fsiteconditionsdonotmeetcrectiveactiongoalsfchemical(s)ofconcernthenoneofthefollowingactionsisappropriate:1.8.19.1Implementinterimremedialactiontofacilitatereassessmentofthetierevaluation1.8.19.2Designimplementremedialac

23、tiontoachievethecrectiveactiongoals.1.8.20Developimplementamonitingplanbasedonthecrectiveactiongoalstovalidatetheassumptionsusedfthetierevaluationtodemonstrateeffectivenessoftheremedialactionasapplicable.1.9Fchemicalrele

24、asesitescurrentlyincrectiveactiontheusershouldreviewinfmationdataavailablefthesitedeterminethemostappropriateentrypointintotheRBCAframewkconsistentwiththegeneralperfmancestardssequenceofeventsoutlinedinthisguide.1.10This

25、GuideisganizedasFollows—Section2listsreferenceddocumentsSection3definesterminologyusedinthisguideSection4describesthesignificanceuseofthisguideSection5isasummaryofthetieredapproachSection6presentstheRBCAproceduresinastep

26、bystepprocess.AppendixX1providesguidanceondevelopingtechnicalpolicydecisionsbuildingaRBCAprogramAppendixX2providesexamplesofchemicalpropertieseffectsdatathatmaybeusefulfaRBCAevaluationAppendixX3providesEXAMPLEdevelopment

27、ofRBSLAppendixX4describestheuseofpredictivemodelingAppendixX5providesanoutlineoftheprocessoftheecologicalevaluationAppendixX6providesinfmationaboutactivityuselimitationsAppendixX7includesillustrativeexamplesoftheapplicat

28、ionoftheRBCAframewkAppendixX8includesreferencesthatmaybehelpfultotheuser.TheAppendixesareprovidedfadditionalinfmationareNOTincludedasmatysectionsofthisguide.1.11ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstard.Nootherunits

29、ofmeasurementareincludedinthisstard.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D5447GuidefApplicationofaGroundwaterFlowModeltoaSiteSpecificProblemD5490GuidefComparingGroundwaterFlowModelSimulationstoSiteSpecificInfmationD5610Gu

30、idefDefiningInitialConditionsinGroundwaterFlowModelingD5611GuidefConductingaSensitivityAnalysisfaGroundwaterFlowModelApplicationD5612GuidefQualityPlanningFieldImplementationofaWaterQualityMeasurementProgramD5718GuidefDoc

31、umentingaGroundwaterFlowModelApplicationD5880GuidefSubsurfaceFlowTransptModeling(Withdrawn2015)3D6235PracticefExpeditedSiteacterizationofVadoseZoneGroundwaterContaminationatHazardousWasteContaminatedSitesE978PracticefEva

32、luatingMathematicalModelsftheEnvironmentalFateofChemicals(Withdrawn2002)3E1527PracticefEnvironmentalSiteAssessments:PhaseIEnvironmentalSiteAssessmentProcessE1599GuidefCrectiveActionfPetroleumReleases(Withdrawn2002)3E1689

33、GuidefDevelopingConceptualSiteModelsfContaminatedSitesE1739GuidefRiskBasedCrectiveActionAppliedatPetroleumReleaseSitesE1903PracticefEnvironmentalSiteAssessments:PhaseIIEnvironmentalSiteAssessmentProcessE1912GuidefAcceler

34、atedSiteacterizationfConfirmedSuspectedPetroleumReleases(Withdrawn2013)3E1943GuidefRemediationofGroundWaterbyNaturalAttenuationatPetroleumReleaseSites3.Terminology3.1Thereadershouldreviewthedefinitionspresentedherepritor

35、eviewingtheguideasmanyofthetermsincludedinthisguidemayhavedifferentmeaningsthanthespecificregulatydefinitionswithinexistingfederalstatelocalprograms.Thefollowingtermsarebeingdefinedtoreflecttheirspecificuseinthisguide.Th

36、eusershouldnotassumethatthesedefinitionsreplaceexistingregulatydefinitions.WherethedefinitionuseofaterminthisguidediffersfromanexistingregulatydefinitionusetheusershouldaddressthesedifferencespritoproceedingwiththeRBCApr

37、ocess.3.2DefinitionsofTermsSpecifictoThisStard:3.2.1activityuselimitations—Legalphysicalrestrictionslimitationsontheuseofaccesstoasitefacility2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServicea