【astm標準】e 1739 - 95 (2015)

1、Designation:E1739?95(Reapproved2015)StardGuidefRiskBasedCrectiveActionAppliedatPetroleumReleaseSites1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1739thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladopti

2、oninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thisisaguidetoriskbasedcrectiveaction(RBCA)w

3、hichisaconsistentdecisionmakingprocessftheassessmentresponsetoapetroleumreleasebasedontheprotectionofhumanhealththeenvironment.Siteswithpetroleumreleasevarygreatlyintermsofcomplexityphysicalchemicalacteristicsintheriskth

4、attheymayposetohumanhealththeenvironment.TheRBCAprocessrecognizesthisdiversityusesatieredapproachwherecrectiveactionactivitiesaretailedtositespecificconditionsrisks.WhiletheRBCAprocessisnotlimitedtoaparticularclassofcomp

5、oundsthisguideemphasizestheapplicationofRBCAtopetroleumproductreleasesthroughtheuseoftheexamples.Ecologicalriskassessmentasdiscussedinthisguideisaqualitativeevaluationoftheactualpotentialimpactstoenvironmental(nonhuman)r

6、ecepts.Theremaybecircumstancesunderwhichamedetailedecologicalriskassessmentisnecessary(seeRef(1).21.2ThedecisionprocessdescribedinthisguideintegratesriskexposureassessmentpracticesassuggestedbytheUnitedStatesEnvironmenta

7、lProtectionAgency(USEPA)withsiteassessmentactivitiesremedialmeasureiontoensurethatthechosenactionisprotectiveofhumanhealththeenvironment.ThefollowinggeneralsequenceofeventsisprescribedinRBCAoncetheprocessistriggeredbythe

8、suspicionconfirmationofpetroleumrelease:1.2.1Perfmanceofasiteassessment1.2.2Classificationofthesitebytheurgencyofinitialresponse1.2.3Implementationofaninitialresponseactionappropriateftheedsiteclassification1.2.4Comparis

9、onofconcentrationsofchemical(s)ofconcernatthesitewithTier1RiskBasedScreeningLevels(RBSLs)giveninalookuptable1.2.5DecidingwhetherfurthertierevaluationiswarrantedifimplementationofinterimremedialactioniswarrantedifRBSLsmay

10、beappliedasremediationtargetlevels1.2.6Collectionofadditionalsitespecificinfmationasnecessaryiffurthertierevaluationiswarranted1.2.7Developmentofsitespecifictargetlevels(SSTLs)point(s)ofcompliance(Tier2evaluation)1.2.8Co

11、mparisonoftheconcentrationsofchemical(s)ofconcernatthesitewiththeTier2evaluationSSTLatthedeterminedpoint(s)ofcompliancesourcearea(s)1.2.9Decidingwhetherfurthertierevaluationiswarrantedifimplementationofinterimremedialact

12、ioniswarrantedifTier2SSTLsmaybeappliedasremediationtargetlevels1.2.10Collectionofadditionalsitespecificinfmationasnecessaryiffurthertierevaluationiswarranted1.2.11DevelopmentofSSTLpoint(s)ofcompliance(Tier3evaluation)1.2

13、.12Comparisonoftheconcentrationsofchemical(s)ofconcernatthesiteatthedeterminedpoint(s)ofcompliancesourcearea(s)withtheTier3evaluationSSTL1.2.13DevelopmentofaremedialactionplantoachievetheSSTLasapplicable.1.3Theguideisgan

14、izedasfollows:1.3.1Section2listsreferenceddocuments1.3.2Section3definesterminologyusedinthisguide1.3.3Section4describesthesignificanceuseofthisguide1.3.4Section5isasummaryofthetieredapproach1.3.5Section6presentstheRBCApr

15、oceduresinastepbystepprocess1.3.6AppendixX1detailsphysicalchemicaltoxicologicalacteristicsofpetroleumproducts1.3.7AppendixX2discussesthederivationofaTier1RBSLLookUpTableprovidesanexample1.3.8AppendixX3describestheusesofp

16、redictivemodelingrelativetotheRBCAprocess1.3.9AppendixX4discussesconsiderationsfinstitutionalcontrols1.3.10AppendixX5providesexamplesofRBCAapplications.1.4ThisguidedescribesanapproachfRBCA.Itisintendedtocomplimentbutnots

17、upersedefederalstate1ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmentalAssessmentRiskManagementCrectiveActionisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE50.04onCrectiveAction.CurrenteditionapprovedApril12015.Pu

18、blishedMay2015.iginallypublishedasES38–94.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2010asE1739–95(2010)ε1.DOI:10.1520E173995R15.2Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendofthisguide.Copyright?ASTMInternationa

19、l100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates1hydrocarbonsderivedfromcrudeoilthroughprocessesofseparationconversionupgradingfinishingsuchasmotfuelsjetoilslubricantspetroleumsolventsusedoils.3.1.23poi

20、nt(s)ofcompliance—alocation(s)edbetweenthesourcearea(s)thepotentialpoint(s)ofexposurewhereconcentrationsofchemical(s)ofconcernmustbeatbelowthedeterminedtargetlevelsinmedia(fexamplegroundwatersoilair).3.1.24point(s)ofexpo

21、sure—thepoint(s)atwhichanindividualpopulationmaycomeincontactwithachemical(s)ofconcerniginatingfromasite.3.1.25qualitativeriskanalysis—anonnumericevaluationofasitetodeterminepotentialexposurepathwaysreceptsbasedonknownre

22、adilyavailableinfmation.3.1.26reasonablemaximumexposure(RME)—thehighestexposurethatisreasonablyexpectedtooccuratasite.RMEsareestimatedfindividualpathwaysacombinationofexposurepathways.3.1.27reasonablepotentialexposuresce

23、nario—asituationwithacrediblechanceofoccurencewhereareceptmaybecomedirectlyindirectlyexposedtothechemical(s)ofconcernwithoutconsideringextremeessentiallyimpossiblecircumstances.3.1.28reasonablyanticipatedfutureuse—future

24、useofasitefacilitythatcanbepredictedwithahighdegreeofcertaintygivencurrentuselocalgovernmentplanningzoning.3.1.29recepts—personsstructuresutilitiessurfacewaterswatersupplywellsthataremaybeadverselyaffectedbyarelease.3.1.

25、30referencedose—apreferredtoxicityvaluefevaluatingpotentialnoncarcinogeniceffectsinhumansresultingfromexposuretoachemical(s)ofconcern.3.1.31remediationremedialaction—activitiesconductedtoprotecthumanhealthsafetytheenviro

26、nment.Theseactivitiesincludeevaluatingriskmakingnofurtheractiondeterminationsmonitinginstitutionalcontrolsengineeringcontrolsdesigningoperatingcleanupequipment.3.1.32riskassessment—ananalysisofthepotentialfadversehealthe

27、ffectscausedbyachemical(s)ofconcernfromasitetodeterminetheneedfremedialactionthedevelopmentoftargetlevelswhereremedialactionisrequired.3.1.33riskreduction—theloweringeliminationofthelevelofriskposedtohumanhealththeenviro

28、nmentthroughinterimremedialactionremedialactioninstitutionalengineeringcontrols.3.1.34riskbasedscreeninglevelscreeninglevels(RBSLs)—riskbasedsitespecificcrectiveactiontargetlevelsfchemical(s)ofconcerndevelopedundertheTie

29、r1evaluation.3.1.35site—thearea(s)definedbytheextentofmigrationofthechemical(s)ofconcern.3.1.36siteassessment—anevaluationofsubsurfacegeologyhydrologysurfaceacteristicstodetermineifareleasehasoccurredthelevelsofthechemic

30、al(s)ofconcerntheextentofthemigrationofthechemical(s)ofconcern.Thesiteassessmentcollectsdataongroundwaterqualitypotentialreceptsgeneratesinfmationtosupptremedialactiondecisions.3.1.37siteclassification—aqualitativeevalua

31、tionofasitebasedonknownreadilyavailableinfmationtoidentifytheneedfinterimremedialactionsfurtherinfmationgathering.Siteclassificationisintendedtospecificallypriitizesites.3.1.38sitespecifictargetlevel(SSTL)—riskbasedremed

32、ialactiontargetlevelfchemical(s)ofconcerndevelopedfaparticularsiteundertheTier2Tier3evaluations.3.1.39sitespecific—activitiesinfmationdatauniquetoaparticularsite.3.1.40sourcearea(s)—eitherthelocationofliquidhydrocarbonst

33、helocationofhighestsoilgroundwaterconcentrationsofthechemical(s)ofconcern.3.1.41targetlevels—numericvaluesotherperfmancecriteriathatareprotectiveofhumanhealthsafetytheenvironment.3.1.42Tier1evaluation—ariskbasedanalysist

34、odevelopnonsitespecificvaluesfdirectindirectexposurepathwaysutilizingconservativeexposurefactsfatetransptfpotentialpathwaysvariouspropertyusecategies(fexampleresidentialcommercialindustrialuses).ValuesestablishedunderTie

35、r1willapplytoallsitesthatfallintoaparticularcategy.3.1.43Tier2evaluation—ariskbasedanalysisapplyingthedirectexposurevaluesestablishedunderaTier1evaluationatthepoint(s)ofexposuredevelopedfaspecificsitedevelopmentofvaluesf

36、potentialindirectexposurepathwaysatthepoint(s)ofexposurebasedonsitespecificconditions.3.1.44Tier3evaluation—ariskbasedanalysistodevelopvaluesfpotentialdirectindirectexposurepathwaysatthepoint(s)ofexposurebasedonsitespeci

37、ficconditions.3.1.45user—anindividualgroupinvolvedintheRBCAprocessincludingownersoperatsregulatsundergroundstagetank(UST)fundmanagersattneysconsultantslegislatssofth.4.SignificanceUse4.1Theallocationoflimitedresources(fe

38、xampletimemoneyregulatyoversightqualifiedprofessionals)toanyonepetroleumreleasesitenecessarilyinfluencescrectiveactiondecisionsatothersites.Thishasspurredthesearchfinnovativeapproachestocrectiveactiondecisionmakingwhichs

39、tillensuresthathumanhealththeenvironmentareprotected.4.2TheRBCAprocesspresentedinthisguideisaconsistentstreamlineddecisionprocessfingcrectiveactionsatpetroleumreleasesites.AdvantagesoftheRBCAapproachareasfollows:4.2.1Dec