[雙語翻譯]地方文化創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)外文翻譯——?jiǎng)?chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)與地方發(fā)展（原文）

1、 Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 223 ( 2016 ) 291 – 296 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect1877-0428 © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC

2、 BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ISTH2020 doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.370 2nd International Symposium “NEW METROPO

3、LITAN PERSPECTIVES“ - Strategic planning, spatial planning, economic programs and decision support tools, through the implementation of Horizon/Europe2020. ISTH2020, Reggio Calabria (Italy), 18-20 May 2016 Creative Econ

4、omy, Cultural Industries and Local Development Nicola Boccellaa,*, Irene Salernob a Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma b Università della Basilicata, Via S. Rocco, 3 - 75100 Matera Abst

5、ract The purpose of this paper is to draw a clear picture of creative and cultural industries and of the creative economy, as driving factors of economic growth and local development. To this aim, the paper analyzes som

6、e recent data on the significance of the creative economies, reflecting on the concepts of creative and cultural industries. In the text, attention is paid to the links between creative economy and local development on

7、 one hand, and the concepts of territorial capital and social capital on the other side. In the end, the work focuses on presenting the results of an in-progress study, about the recent literature on the mentioned iss

8、ues, presenting a brief overview of some significant works. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ISTH2020. Keywords: Creative economy, cultu

9、ral economy, cultural indistries, creative industries, local development, social capital, territorial capital. 1. Creative economy, cultural and creative industries. Overview on concepts and data Over the last years, t

10、he importance of the so-called cultural economy and of the cultural and creative industries has greatly increased. Today, cultural and creative industries are driving factors for economic growth and according to global

11、 demand, also stimulated by the new economy. As it is known, the concept refers not only to the domain of culture in the strict sense, but refers also to cultural goods and services as the core of a new, powerful and va

12、st sector that can be broadly referred to cultural areas. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-3284484808. E-mail address: nicola.boccella@gmail.com © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article und

13、er the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ISTH2020293Nicola Boccella and Irene Salerno / Procedia - Social and Beha

14、vioral Sciences 223 ( 2016 ) 291 – 296 industry sector may be a small enclave surrounded by poverty and social deprivation. The creative economy tends to concentrate today in great world cities that are already ce

15、ntral places of financial capital, investment and power or have significant historical legacies of social and cultural mixing. What is more, the centripetal forces have intensified because of convergence and acquisitio

16、ns at the global corporate level. Emblematic in this regard are the television, media, film and publishing industries. Moreover, more dispersed organizational forms, which are also characteristic of the sector, tend to

17、 have their major value-added activities located and/or controlled in the global North. Thus, many forms of creative-economy investment and growth can amplify existing divisions between rich and poor both across and wi

18、thin countries. […] Yet, development of a creative economy can form an integral part of any attempt to redress inequality, provided that the process also brings about broader structural changes to ensure that creative w

19、orkers are themselves not disadvantaged in relation to other workers”. To address these problems, the European Union has launched several measures and has allocated funds for the cultural and creative industry develop

20、ment and the creation of capillary networks in support of the economies of disadvantaged areas. Emblematic is the case of the Structural Funds in the period 2014-2020, aimed at strengthening the links among creative in

21、dustries, multi-disciplinary environments and other industries. European funding programmes have been designed to answer to these challenges, such as the Creative Europe programme in primis, but also other EU funding p

22、rogrammes like the ERASMUS PLUS that supports skills development through education and training; the COSME programme that promotes entrepreneurship, access to finance and markets for small and medium enterprises; the H

23、ORIZON 2020 which aims at promoting research and innovation in the field of culture and cultural heritage. At national level, to strengthen creative and cultural industries it is mandatory to encourage the development o

24、f the territorial network, and policies to support local economy and the relationships among privates, and between public and private sectors3. In all the assessments of the creative economy, developing countries appea

25、r lacking, in fact, in key institutional and/or regulatory conditions. Developing such networks and relationships means to have in mind a clear picture of the deep links among the creative and cultural industries deve

26、lopment and the so-called “territorial capital” of a country; the concept of territorial capital relates, furthermore, to the concept of “social capital”. As it is known, for both the terms several definitions are avai

27、lable; the terms refers to the system of territorial assets of economic, cultural, social, environmental nature, that ensures the potential development of places. The latter, in order to succeed, have to exploit this c

28、omplex set of factors4. The territorial capital has a strong influence on economic growth. The quality of the institutions and cohesion are elements of great importance to create conditions so that the territorial capi

29、tal can fully express its potential. This means that it is essential to direct national policies, looking at the specificity of each territory, boosting the institutional quality. It also means investigating the deep

30、relations with the registered capital of a given context (Brasili, 2014). Closely related to the concept of territorial capital and in relation with local development, is the other concept of social capital. The conce

31、pt of social capital has been extensively used since the Eighties of the Twentieth Century in sociology, economics and political science; today, there are numerous definitions of it and it is not possible to identify a

32、 universally accepted one (Abbafati, Spandonaro, 2011). In this context and to the aims of this work, it can be definied as a profitable resource based on the existence of some kind of relations and/or social norms, nam

33、ely, as a collective, indivisible resource, and as a public good (Cartocci, 2007). The level of social capital, in conclusion, determines the degree of social cohesion, the horizontal links and the nature of relations

34、 with institutions. It therefore refers to the spontaneous sharing of a value system that establishes and determines the quality of civil society and the links between its members, which is reflected directly on the qu

35、ality of institutions and ethical tissue (Abbafati & Spandonaro, 2011). Hence, in order to develop creative economies related to the goods of a certain territory, it is necessary to stimulate and strengthen the net

36、work of values and relationships between social and institutional actors and to promote policies in support of local development, based on new paradigms taking into account the importance of the territorial capital an

37、d focused on increasing the social capital of a human collectivity, located in a certain territory. This is especially 3 European Creative Industries Summit, Brussels 2015, http://ecbnetwork.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09