[雙語翻譯]電子商務(wù)外文翻譯--全球化與電子商務(wù)的關(guān)系--土耳其案例

1、3400 英文單詞， 英文單詞，1.9 萬英文字符，中文 萬英文字符，中文 5800 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Ayd?N E , Savrul B K . The Relationship between Globalization and E-commerce: Turkish Case[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014, 150:1267-1276.The Rel

2、ationship between Globalization and E-Commerce: Turkish CaseErdal Ayd?n , Burcu K?l?nç SavrulAbstractGlobalization has been one of the most prominent phenomenon of the 20th century that shaped the world economy dram

3、atically. Globalization process is followed by the decline in administrative barriers to trade, sharp falls in the costs of transportation and communication, fragmentation of production processes and the development in i

4、nformation and communication technology which formed basis for diversification of resources, creation and development of new investment opportunities by opening up additional markets, and accessing new raw materials and

5、resources.Telecommunications and transport links flourished by the globalization created a new way of accessing to the new markets through e-commerce. However in a broad sense e-commerce concept, affecting employment pat

6、terns, productivity and industry structure, is much broader than it's perceived relationship between globalization and e-commerce is nebulous. In this regards this study investigates the relationship between globaliz

7、ation and e-commerce. The evidences presented in the study present that rather than a one way relation a mutual relation is observed. However the level of technology and telecommunications substructure of the country in

8、question vary the direction of the relation.Keywords: Globalization, New Economy, E-commerce, Turkish Economy1. IntroductionThe environment formed by the globalization and technological change triggered political, socia

9、l and cultural change all around the world by the second half of the 20th century. As well as the social and cultural changes the globalization have also created a new global economy which provide opportunities for the f

10、irms to access to new markets and participate in global production networks. Beside the opportunities the new economy formed a more competitive environment for the firms in which the winners are the ones that can adopt g

11、lobal telecommunications and transport links.The adoption the internet makes it cheaper and easier for firms to extend their markets, manage their operations and coordinate value chains across borders. Reduction in the c

12、osts of transactions and information, technology has reduced market frictions and provided significant impetus to the process of broadening world markets. ICT adoption fosters globalization by reducing the cost of trans

13、action and coordination and creating new and expanded markets with economies of scale (Totonchi and Kakamanshadi, 2011:271).Regarding globalization and e-commerce together it is clear that globalization process has forme

14、d basis for emergence of e-commerce. However in the next step the relationship between globalization and e-commerce is controversial. In this study this relation has been evaluated. Evidences presented in the study shows

15、 that the further globalization goes e-commerce diffuse in the less developed parts of the world. On the other hand the diffusion of e- commerce also supports the development of the globalization. In this sense it can be

16、 said that rather than an effect of globalization on e-commerce or vice versa mentioning a mutual relation exists. Turkish case also demonstrate that internalization of the economy supports the diffusion of e-commerce Th

17、e advances in telecommunications and transport links created a new way of accessing to the new markets through e-commerce. However in the next step whether e-commerce contributed to globalization or the opposite case is

18、controversial.3. Globalization and E-CommerceOECD (2001) defines e-commerce in two scopes sorted as broad and narrow ones. According to the broad definition, e-commerce is the purchase or sale of goods between the busine

19、sses, households, individuals, governments and other public and private organizations over computer networks. Narrow definition on the other hand is almost same as the broad definition of the exception that the instrumen

20、t of trade is limited with the internet (OECD, 2001).Globalization and e-commerce are expected to change economic structure of nations. The expected superior economic structure is mainly influenced by the above two facto

21、rs. In literature the new structure is generally referred as Knowledge Economy, New Economy or E-economy. E-commerce not only reduces communication costs, but also increases flexibility in locating activities. The studie

22、s in the subject clearly shows that internet technology has lead to an increase in international trade (Totonchi and Kakamanshadi, 2011:273).In the course of transition from the old economy to the new one, e-commerce has

23、 eliminated the problem of time and space which in return has lowered costs in production process. Thus e-commerce has become a dynamic factor in the new economy. Although electronic communication technologies has been b

24、eing used since the beginning of 1980s, use of those technologies for trade has become widespread since the second half of the 1990s. Because it’s rather new, it has been perceived in several ways by different institutio

25、ns, organizations and individuals (Savrul and K?l?ç, 2011:251).E-commerce consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payments. E-commerce is the exchange of goods and services between four broa

26、d groups over the Internet. This can happen between businesses and consumers, businesses and businesses, intra-companies, and consumers and consumers. E-commerce encompasses any commercial activity that takes place direc

27、tly between a business, its partners or its customers through a combination of computing and communications technologies. It takes into account sales, marketing, communications, service, and workflow (Rosen, 2000).Regard

28、ing the globalization issue the arguments provided above raise the question whether globalization support e- commerce or e-commerce accelerate the globalization process. The study of Kraemer et. al (2002) introduce that

29、the internet is used mainly for the information exchange with customers and suppliers and e-commerce has a direct and meaningful effect on globalization. Likewise literature on the issue shows that firms use the internet

30、 mainly for purchasing rather than sales. Its major reason is that firms in their foreign purchases face lots of complex processes, also purchasing from foreign countries requires coordination with those suppliers which

31、have a long distance from them, and so electronic purchases via the internet have so many economic advantages for companies.E-Commerce benefits globalization through two channels:● Physical locations, manual processes, o

32、r other expediting functions are substituted by e-business practices.● Coordination costs, which can reduce the costs of working with those foreign subsidiaries still required because of the nature of the product or serv