[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲外文翻譯--網(wǎng)絡(luò)和移動(dòng)游戲開發(fā)的未來

1、6200 英文單詞， 英文單詞，31500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 1 萬(wàn)字 萬(wàn)字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Curran, Kevin, and Ciaran George. “The future of web and mobile game development.“ International Journal of Cloud Computing and Services Science 1.1 (2012): 25-34.T

2、he Future of Web and Mobile Game DevelopmentKevin Curran, Ciaran GeorgeABSTRACTSince HTML5 has become open to the public many developers have been experimenting with the new possibilities for web development, the aim of

3、this research paper is to give an overview of what this means to the game development community. This research paper will evaluate new HTML5 elements and JavaScript features. We highlight WebGL, Canvas and WebSockets, wh

4、ich have given developers the opportunity to flaunt their creativity by manipulating images, creating 3D environments and providing real-time interaction.Keyword: Web Programming；HTML 51. INTRODUCTIONIn 1997 a new and ex

5、citing version of the Web’s most predominant mark-up language was officially announced as the new W3C recommendation, this was HTML 4.0. It was vastly different to its predecessors and offered an abundance of new feature

6、s such as the support of Cascading Style Sheets. Before the release of HTML 4.0 the web was largely limited to text and static images, with which many of the websites we use today could not have been created. W3C believe

7、d the future of the web lay with XML and thus froze their development of HTML after 4.01 and the release of XHTML. With the support of Apple the WHATWG led by Ian Hickson began work on a specification they called Web App

8、lications 1.0, this was due to a disagreement of XML being the future of web development. Web Applications 1.0 was then used as the spec for the basis of W3C’s new HTML version after they admitted being wrong in basing t

9、he future on XML. With HTML5 now in a working draft form and offering stacks of new exciting features developers have already begun to create the future of the web.With the release of HTML5 to simplify developing for the

10、 web many new elements were added, along with the addition of several new JavaScript API’s. Previous to HTML 5 playing media on a browser required a plug-in or an application installation. For example playing a Flash gam

11、e requires Adobe shockwave player but now thanks to HTML5 and its new multimedia elements audio, video and canvas that could be a thing of the past. Although HTML5 is not without faults most see it as a huge leap forwa

12、rd for web development. Its release plays a vital role how web games are developed. Recently there has been a massive expansion of casual ‘pick up and play’ games which are frequently played on social networking sites, s

13、mart phones, tablets and web sites this has led to a major shift in the game development industry. The market for casual games is still continuously growing with games like angry birds having achieved over 350 million d

14、ownload’s [1]. The Canvas element provides a way for developers to draw and manipulate 2D images using HTML and JavaScript to implement movement of a canvas element the image must be deleted and redrawn continuously by t

15、he web OS. With the canvas element 2D games can be easily implemented and with the use of vector based images they can be manipulated without losing any quality. Websites such as FaceBook have already begun providing an

16、abundance of games showing the effectiveness of HTML5 canvas.all over the web, comparing recent versions of web browsers with older versions lacking hardware acceleration will display this. As most web based games are cu

17、rrently aimed at casual gamers this would suggest that the most relevant technology would be the one which creates the better casual games. The majority of casual games are now being developed on canvas; this is because

18、casual games contain a small amount of objects so large amounts of manipulation are not necessary. Games created mostly on the client side face some security issues. Client Side code can be easily obtained and altered by

19、 other developers; this could lead to programming code being stolen or manipulated. A solution to this is to obfuscate the JavaScript in your game; this would encode a portion of the Client Side and make the information

20、much more difficult to reproduce. When used in the right scenarios canvas and SVG are both appropriate technologies for game development.2.2 2D Adobe Flash2D games are extremely popular on web browsers, a large proportio

21、n of these games on sites such as Facebook are created using Adobe Flash Professional. Adobe Flash Professional is a multimedia authoring program which can be used to create games, movies and more. The main disadvantage

22、of flash is that it requires plug-ins to work, with HTML5 games and videos can be run without the need for any plug-ins. Websites such as youtube have already begun to offer html5 capabilities [4] with the only ‘disadvan

23、tage’ being that ads are not yet supported. Flash has been used for the creation of some massive titles such as Zyngas Farmville, which at its peak reached around 80 million users [5]. It shows that flash is one of the l

24、argest gaming platforms in the world, with more users in Farmville alone that any recent console. HTML5 has been replicating much of the features provided in flash to offer a “plug-in free web”. Moving to HTML5 would not

25、 only create a plug-in free web but would also provide games to more platforms, the biggest of these platforms would be those on the iOS. Apple has refused to support flash for years with the companies frequently clashin

26、g. Ex-Apple CEO Steve Jobs felt that Flash programs took up too much processing power and caused frequent crashes, he also believed this would become a huge drain on handheld devices batteries. These were the reasons he

27、refused to support flash. HTML5 would finally offer a way to reach the apple user base [6]. Although HTML5 and JavaScript seem like a solution to flash and its plug-in requirements this is not the case at all. Flash is a

28、nd always will be an attractive design tool; it reaches a wide audience due to its artistic qualities and designing features. Not all game designers want to write endless amounts of code and this is the niche market that

29、 will not be able to move to HTML5, with adobes latest software release this niche market can get all the benefits of flash design for HTML5.Adobe Edge is the latest release from the Adobe labs, this exciting tool allows

30、 the creation of animations (such as those created in Flash) in a HTML5 environment. Its features appear to be much more future-proof than that of its predecessor flash, such as support for SVG, JavaScript and CSS. Most

31、importantly though Adobe have acknowledged the massive, rapid expansion of handheld and tablet devices with Adobe Edge supporting all of the main Operating Systems. At present Adobe Edge does not yet offer anything close

32、 to what Adobe Flash offered, but adobe have said that it will be quickly and frequently updated. However it does not enter this market alone, another animation tool called “Hype” was introduced to the Mac OS market brag

33、ging “creates slick animations in HTML5”. Hype is another potential design tool for game creation, with user friendly animation and simple drag and drop graphics importation. Although hype has stated it offers animations