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1、喬姆斯基的語言天賦論認(rèn)為,人腦中有一種天生的普遍語法,這一普遍語法存在于人腦中一個(gè)叫做語言習(xí)得機(jī)制的地方。兒童語言中的語法就是來自這一天生的普遍語法,而不是從其周圍的語言環(huán)境中歸納概括而來。兒童周圍的語言環(huán)境也是必要的,但其作用僅限于在普遍語法轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮和瘋€(gè)體語法的過程中起激發(fā)作用。 喬姆斯基語言天賦論的觀點(diǎn)有些違背常理,甚至有些神秘色彩。那么,他為什么要提出這一理論呢?本文認(rèn)為,首先是由于他沒能找到人類語言中語法的現(xiàn)實(shí)根源,或者
2、說他知道語法的現(xiàn)實(shí)根源但卻否認(rèn)兒童直接從語言中獲得語法的可能性;其次是孤立地、靜止地、片面地理解兒童語言習(xí)得,而不是視之為一個(gè)辯證的發(fā)展過程,因而難免對(duì)兒童語言習(xí)得過程中出現(xiàn)的諸多問題困惑不解并進(jìn)而把這些問題歸結(jié)到語言的天賦性上去;另外,受西方哲學(xué)唯理主義思想傳統(tǒng)的影響也是重要原因之一。 本文主要圍繞這三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論證,首先揭示語言產(chǎn)生過程中語法的原型即現(xiàn)實(shí)根源并進(jìn)而論證兒童語言習(xí)得過程中語法的現(xiàn)實(shí)根源;其次以兒童語言習(xí)得過程是
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