自助游相關(guān)外文翻譯（節(jié)選）

1、<p>　　1300單詞，6800英文字符，2050漢字</p><p>　　出處：:Romita T, Perri A. The DIY Tourist[J]. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 2016, 5(3): 277-292.</p><p><b>　　原文

2、</b></p><p>　　THE D.I.Y. TOURIST</p><p>　　Tullio; Antonella</p><p><b>　　Abstract </b></p><p>　　In this work we will be dealing with the figure of the

3、D.I.Y. Tourist originated from the local development processes based on the “cottage tourist industry” concept. We will be doing this by using part of the results obtained through a research started more than three years

4、 ago, by which we are studying what happens in the territorial contexts where tourism develops mostly on a spontaneous basis, that is in the presence of a widespread and pervasive undetected tourism practiced through pri

5、vate </p><p>　　Keywords: spontaneous tourist context, D.I.Y. Tourist, sustainable tourism, undetected tourism. </p><p>　　INTRODUCTION </p><p>　　In a study carried out more than thir

6、ty years ago, Cohen (1974) proposed a conceptual distinction of the tourist figure into three typologies, a distinction which is still widely shared among tourism scholars all over the world. </p><p>　　Accor

7、ding to such distinction the tourist can be a vacationer, a sightseer and a drifter: in the case of the vacationer tourists, we are dealing with people who prefer relaxing and sedentary holidays in the resort of their ch

8、oice, where there is no need to move from the hotel or accommodation they are staying at. They privilege habitual behaviours which are the result of routine - same beach, same umbrella, breakfast at the same bar, frequen

9、t meetings with friends and relatives; The sightseer to</p><p>　　The research has been carried out with the aim of verifying whether the whole series of theoretical and conceptual data available on the touri

10、st figure, mostly related to the tour operators-guided tourist whose needs and characteristics are well known, were also appropriate to understand the D.I.Y. tourist s tourist behaviour: that is of the tourist who makes

11、little or no use of the tourist operators intermediation and who doesn’t purchase ready-made products. </p><p>　　THE D.I.Y. TOURIST </p><p>　　There is, therefore, a typology of subjects who don

12、t entrust others with the organisation and management of their own tourist experience. It’s the tourist who, because of his self-directed behaviour we define as D.I.Y. tourist: “such is who organises holiday time and spa

13、ce, that is one’s own tourist experience, in total autonomy, lodging in private accommodation and simply bearing in mind the basic rules of life, particularly those of the host tourist resort. A typology which, for obvio

14、us reaso</p><p>　　It is important to point out how many tourist market operators and most part of the scientific tourist literature tend to commonly and improperly denote as D.I.Y. also another tourist typol

15、ogy. According to these, tourists are to be considered as D.I.Y. when they don t seem incline to make use of tourist packages organised by others, or of group trips and of the all-inclusive formula type of holiday. That

16、is, the tourists who choose autonomously, or advised by a travel agency and/or by other peo</p><p>　　While the research and analyses on the hetero-directed tourist are many and diverse, both at a national an

17、d international level , data on the D.I.Y tourist is quite limited, therefore it is difficult to understand or evaluate his role, behaviour, attitude, choices. In order to fill in this gap, the D.I.Y. tourist figure has

18、become, in recent years, object of study and research. The dimensions which qualify the tourist experience as D.I.Y. derive from the analysis of the D.I.Y. tourist s behaviou</p><p>　　As far as the content i

19、s concerned, the questionnaire has been conceived keeping into account the empirical research carried out at a national level on similar matters, and in particular those carried out by Istat within its surveys on “The It

20、alians holidays”. Before starting the survey campaign some pilot-interviews (about ten) were carried out in order to outline the questionnaire. In its final draft the questionnaire is organised into six subject macro-sec

21、tions: 1) questions about the attachm</p><p>　　THE D.I.Y. TOURIST EXPERIENCE </p><p>　　On the basis of the information gathered through the survey we can state the dimensions which qualify the t

22、ourist experience as a D.I.Y. experience. </p><p>　　The D.I.Y. tourist is not keen on extremely new experiences and perceives the holiday as an opportunity to interrupt everyday life routine more in a perspe

23、ctive of a break than of a new experience: his stay is quite long (more than three weeks); during his stay he attends public meeting places and participates into local tourist events; he rarely goes on a trip or excursio

24、n in other territories; The most practiced activities are going for a walk and reading. During the holiday he is not willing </p><p>　　The D.I.Y. tourist is faithful to his resort. He spends his holidays at

25、the same resort for several years in a row or sometimes returns there after a few years break, maybe resuming a family tradition which had been interrupted for some reasons at a certain point. Even in the case they are n

26、ot the owners but simply the tenants of the holiday home, they usually rent the same house for years and also leave personal belongings which they will need for their next holiday. The D.I.Y. tourist goes bac</p>

27、<p>　　The D.I.Y. tourist is satisfied with the resort. On the one hand, he points out its faults and downsides, on the other hand, he shows a high satisfaction with the chosen resort not simply because, as we saw be

28、forehand, he often returns there, but also because he s ready to recommend the resort to both relatives and friends. Such apparent incoherence depends on the variables which may more or less strongly affect the opinion (

29、eg. the ownership of a property; its being at an easy reach; the closen</p><p><b>　　譯文 </b></p><p><b>　　DIY 式自助游</b></p><p><b>　　圖利奧;東內(nèi)拉</b></

30、p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　本文主要研究的是D.I.Y自助旅游，最早起源于當(dāng)?shù)芈糜螛I(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程種的“小屋旅游業(yè)”的概念。早在3年前，我們就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始進(jìn)行相關(guān)的研究，獲得的結(jié)果作為本次自助游研究的基礎(chǔ)。我們當(dāng)時(shí)研究了基于自然開(kāi)發(fā)的旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展情況，以及廣泛和普遍存在的，通過(guò)游客自己安排住宿和自我管理來(lái)完成的自主旅游活動(dòng)。</p>&l

31、t;p>　　關(guān)鍵詞:自主旅游背景;D.I.Y.自助旅游;可持續(xù)性旅游;未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的旅游業(yè)。</p><p><b>　　引言</b></p><p>　　在三十多年前，科恩就進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究，他提出了一個(gè)關(guān)于三種類(lèi)型旅游的概念區(qū)別，他關(guān)于這三類(lèi)旅游概念上區(qū)分的觀點(diǎn)，仍普遍受到世界各地的旅游學(xué)領(lǐng)域方面學(xué)者的認(rèn)同。</p><p>　　根據(jù)他的觀

32、點(diǎn)，將旅游區(qū)分為以下幾種:旅游度假者，觀光者，漂流者:關(guān)于旅游度假者，他們更喜歡放松和久坐不動(dòng)的旅游方式，他們到了一個(gè)地方后，就不想到處走動(dòng)，對(duì)度假勝地的選擇很重視，他們想要那種不需要經(jīng)常換酒店或者住宿的旅游方式。他們喜歡習(xí)慣性的行為，這是一種比較固定式的旅游方式，比如:海灘，同一把傘，在同一個(gè)酒吧吃早餐，經(jīng)常會(huì)見(jiàn)朋友和親戚。觀光類(lèi)游客，這類(lèi)旅游不斷尋求改變和新的體驗(yàn)，勇于探索新領(lǐng)域，他們很容易接觸到當(dāng)?shù)氐拿袼缀臀幕?，他們選擇的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的

33、住宿;最后一類(lèi)是漂流者，他們沒(méi)有一個(gè)確定的旅游目的地，從他出發(fā)開(kāi)始，就沒(méi)有計(jì)劃他去哪里，他會(huì)做什么，他將呆多久。在本次研究中，我們強(qiáng)調(diào)的是D.I.Y.式的自助旅游方式，這是游客自主選擇旅游勝地，自己選擇哪里度過(guò)他的假期。</p><p>　　本研究，旨在驗(yàn)證是否這一系列的理論和概念是否與旅游者的旅游實(shí)踐匹配，DIY式樣自助旅游的需求和特點(diǎn)是眾所周知的，也變得越來(lái)越流行，這是很少或沒(méi)有旅游運(yùn)營(yíng)商來(lái)介入的旅游方式，整

34、個(gè)旅游活動(dòng)都是游客自主控制和安排。</p><p>　　D.I.Y.自助旅游</p><p>　　這種旅游方式，不用委托旅游中介組織，無(wú)需受到固定形成的安排，完全由游客自己支配和安排整個(gè)旅游活動(dòng)，并且自己安排住宿。由于這種旅游者的自我支配行為，我們將之定義為D.I.Y.自助游客:“他們自己組織假期時(shí)間和空間，這是一個(gè)游客自己的旅游實(shí)踐，完全擁有旅游的自主權(quán)，經(jīng)常在私人家住宿，自己解決住宿問(wèn)

35、題，自己安排旅游線路，自己選擇要去的旅游勝地。</p><p>　　需要指出的是，有許多旅游市場(chǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)商和大部分的旅游方面的研究文獻(xiàn)一般傾向于不將D.I.Y.自主旅游業(yè)當(dāng)成一種旅游類(lèi)型。當(dāng)自己的時(shí)間安排和團(tuán)體組織的旅游活動(dòng)有所沖突時(shí)，這些游客會(huì)將D.I.Y.自助旅游當(dāng)成是最好的選擇。有些旅游方式，游客只有部分選擇自主權(quán)，或者是由旅行社和/或其他人安排的那種旅游。我們認(rèn)為，這樣的旅游類(lèi)型不能被視為D.I.Y.自助旅游

36、。因?yàn)樵谡麄€(gè)旅游過(guò)程中，游客只有一小部分旅游過(guò)程不是由別人決定的。</p><p>　　在研究和分析這種新的旅游類(lèi)型的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)這種旅游是很多樣化的，在國(guó)家和國(guó)際層面上，關(guān)于這一旅游方面的數(shù)據(jù)相當(dāng)有限，因此很難進(jìn)行一個(gè)比較直觀的理解或?qū)@些游客的角色、行為、態(tài)度和選擇進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。為了填補(bǔ)這個(gè)研究缺口，D.I.Y.自助旅游已成為近年來(lái)，很多專(zhuān)家學(xué)者們的研究對(duì)象。最近這次研究，主要是我們之前已經(jīng)在2007年夏天對(duì)這種旅

37、游實(shí)踐活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的研究，這位本次的研究打下了很好的基礎(chǔ)。研究進(jìn)行了一系列的采訪活動(dòng)，主要是在卡拉布里亞地區(qū)開(kāi)展的，根據(jù)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)D.I.Y.自助游客，選擇度假旅游海洋度假村的人數(shù)為(60%)，山地度假村(40%)，這些人基本都選擇住宿在當(dāng)?shù)厝思依?。許多讀者都知道，在意大利的卡拉布里亞地區(qū)，很多人擁有第二套住房，除了自己住以外，還可以安排游客住宿。</p><p>　　就內(nèi)容而言，該調(diào)查問(wèn)卷已經(jīng)考慮到各類(lèi)問(wèn)題，

38、最終的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷，其最終草案問(wèn)卷，主要分為六個(gè)主題內(nèi)容:1)關(guān)于度假勝地問(wèn)題;2)游客的一般假期習(xí)慣問(wèn)題;3)游客的旅游動(dòng)機(jī)和旅游行為問(wèn)題;4)旅游交流問(wèn)題;5)旅游方式問(wèn)題和所需要的條件;6)受訪者的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件問(wèn)題。</p><p>　　D.I.Y.自助旅游實(shí)踐</p><p>　　通過(guò)調(diào)查收集的信息，是我們進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究的基礎(chǔ)，我們闡述了可以被稱(chēng)為D.I.Y.自助旅游的幾個(gè)要素。<

39、;/p><p>　　—D.I.Y.自助旅游并不熱衷于極新的體驗(yàn)和感知，不用去中斷日常的生活休息常規(guī)而去追求新體驗(yàn)，他呆的時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)(三周多)，旅游期間他參加當(dāng)?shù)氐墓娂瘯?huì)活動(dòng)，參與當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜位顒?dòng)項(xiàng)目，他很少去旅行或在其他地區(qū)游覽，經(jīng)常練習(xí)的活動(dòng)是散步和閱讀。假期他不愿意搬到其他地方，不喜歡被安排，喜歡呆在自己選擇的度假勝地。他傾向于充分利用娛樂(lè)機(jī)遇和自然文化資源，他試圖接受由當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)開(kāi)展的活動(dòng)，也希望與當(dāng)?shù)厝私⒂颜x。

40、</p><p>　　—D.I.Y.自助旅游者忠于他自己選擇的度假勝地。他可能會(huì)在同一酒店連續(xù)幾年都在那里度假，。甚至對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)，住宿的地方，住宿的主人不是老板，而是簡(jiǎn)單的度假屋的租戶(hù)，他們通常出租房子和個(gè)人物品給那些自助旅游者。D.I.Y.自助旅游可以在多個(gè)假期內(nèi)開(kāi)展，不受時(shí)間的約束，短假期內(nèi)(復(fù)活節(jié),圣誕節(jié),周末)都可以開(kāi)展自己的自助游活動(dòng)。</p><p>　　—D.I.Y.自助者