在精煉企業(yè)中研究惡臭污染的環(huán)境濃度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文3500字</b></p><p>　　附錄1：外文科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯</p><p>　　在精煉企業(yè)中研究惡臭污染的環(huán)境濃度標(biāo)準(zhǔn) </p><p>　　張慶同1，2，郭曉慧1，趙東風(fēng)2 ，趙朝稱2</p><p>　　(1環(huán)境技術(shù)研究所，石油大學(xué)，北京102249 化學(xué)的中心， 中國(guó)； 2環(huán)

2、境科學(xué)和工程系，中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(Huadong)，東營(yíng)市區(qū)257061，中國(guó)，山東)</p><p>　　摘要：因?yàn)樵诰珶捚髽I(yè)中氣味污染相對(duì)嚴(yán)重，氣味環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已被研究， 氣味分析方法和歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的強(qiáng)度分類已被考慮。 澳大利亞制造的動(dòng)態(tài)嗅覺測(cè)量器從18個(gè)點(diǎn)位置取樣用來分析氣味。在一特定精煉廠內(nèi)通過氣味濃度和強(qiáng)度之間的關(guān)系，以4·m-3 為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值作為結(jié)果。 這是石化企業(yè)氣味對(duì)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的一個(gè)合理的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

3、</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵字： 氣味； 精煉廠； 環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；動(dòng)態(tài)嗅覺測(cè)量器</p><p><b>　　1.導(dǎo)言 </b></p><p>　　氣味污染作為一種引起社會(huì)強(qiáng)烈意識(shí)的污染已經(jīng)引起越來越多的關(guān)注。人們對(duì)氣味在環(huán)境影響方面投訴的比例日益增加。但是全球還沒有系統(tǒng)性的關(guān)于氣味的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這給對(duì)氣味影響的分析帶來一個(gè)困難的問題。目前，關(guān)于氣味

4、的環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在中國(guó)仍然是缺乏。 精煉企業(yè)是產(chǎn)生氣味污染最嚴(yán)重的行業(yè)之一。在復(fù)雜的反應(yīng)過程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的令人作嘔或敏感的氣味物質(zhì)。每個(gè)精練廠的環(huán)境全都面臨氣味污染[1]惡化的趨勢(shì)。令人不安的氣味釀成的多個(gè)事故在石化企業(yè)不斷發(fā)生，這使得迫切需要解決這類難題。為了要建立企業(yè)、政府和居民之間更有效的關(guān)系和較好的合作，關(guān)鍵是要觀察氣味污染，而評(píng)價(jià)先決條件是確保石化企業(yè)中氣味環(huán)境的一個(gè)合理的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。研究確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是有利于中國(guó)在氣味評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)上的提

5、高。 </p><p>　　2.全球的氣味調(diào)查標(biāo)準(zhǔn) </p><p>　　目前國(guó)與國(guó)之間在氣味發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)方面存在分歧。 在中國(guó)儀器分析和三角形的組合氣味袋子方法用來確定氣味的影響[2] ，而且當(dāng)前在國(guó)際上用動(dòng)態(tài)嗅覺測(cè)量器用來檢測(cè)混合氣體的氣味濃度而且已經(jīng)形成相對(duì)統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對(duì)于動(dòng)態(tài)嗅覺測(cè)量器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化檢測(cè)方法的研究是有利于中國(guó)提高氣味檢測(cè)技術(shù)。 </p><p>　　

6、在過去，選擇防臭效果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依賴于文獻(xiàn)和相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)中的信息，建立一個(gè)科學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要可靠的數(shù)據(jù)和理性分析，最近這項(xiàng)技術(shù)已被用來建造防臭效果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3-5]?！翱捎X察”等級(jí)的氣味強(qiáng)度等級(jí)已經(jīng)被用于氣味的環(huán)境效果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6] 。 </p><p>　　在日本的 " 氣味預(yù)防和控制法律 " 在 1972 年5月[7] 生已經(jīng)效，在這種方法中氨，苯乙烯和硫化氫等指定為有限的氣味物質(zhì)且氣味濃度等于2.5被確定為

7、工廠的邊界標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 </p><p>　　1992年德國(guó)工程師協(xié)會(huì)出版了《德國(guó)工程師協(xié)會(huì)3882.1 - Ol嗅覺測(cè)量器測(cè)定臭氣強(qiáng)度》，這是澳大利亞1996年在畜牧業(yè)上建立的氣味影響標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2003年基于動(dòng)態(tài)嗅覺測(cè)量器的歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被發(fā)表了，其中檢測(cè)方法的氣味強(qiáng)度已有所改善。 </p><p>　　在美國(guó)許多空氣污染預(yù)防和控制地區(qū)的策劃和氣味控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別成立。例如，在加州海灣區(qū)域的排放口最大允許

8、濃度（50 ×氣味閾值～100 ×氣味閾值50 ×氣味閾值）被設(shè)定成這五種惡臭污染物如甲基硫醚，硫醇類，氨，硫，甲胺和苯酚的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。許多州，如科羅拉多，明尼蘇達(dá)州和密蘇里州的地區(qū)按其職能分為住宅區(qū)，工業(yè)區(qū)，混合區(qū)，而且排放口有不同的環(huán)境基本評(píng)價(jià)值 [8]。 </p><p>　　在澳洲的新南威爾斯氣味的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是根據(jù)被氣味影響的人數(shù)區(qū)分的。 該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)見表1 [9] 。 澳大利亞環(huán)境保護(hù)署

9、認(rèn)為是合理的氣味標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)滿足的條件為： 7·m-3是合理的，對(duì)單個(gè)居民來說如果接受點(diǎn)位于氣味來源的工廠的邊界上氣味標(biāo)準(zhǔn)7·m-3是合理的，而如果更多的人受到影響氣味標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2·m-3只能是可以接受。 </p><p>　　目前的氣味標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是將單一氣體的濃度視為各種惡臭氣體的濃度，這些氣體有不同的自然特征，使得在物理強(qiáng)度上有相當(dāng)大的差異。合理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該的以人感官可接受的氣味強(qiáng)度為基礎(chǔ)來規(guī)定的。

10、 并在最近幾年里，先進(jìn)的動(dòng)態(tài)迫使選擇法依靠感覺和視覺大大提高了氣味的檢測(cè)靈敏度。利用動(dòng)態(tài)嗅覺測(cè)量器將改善臭氣濃度限制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p><p>　　目前我國(guó)使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是“惡臭污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)” （ GB/T14554-93 ）和“空氣質(zhì)量氣味的測(cè)定三角氣味袋法” （ GB/T14675-93 ）等，但相關(guān)的環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還是缺乏的。</p><p>　　提到國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的時(shí)候就不得不指出使用不同的 ol

11、factometers 將會(huì)影響標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值，其中的差別可能是彼此的3至10倍。在此論文中DynaScent嗅覺儀的使用，大大提高了氣味檢測(cè)的靈敏度。</p><p>　　表1 在新南威爾士的環(huán)境氣味標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</p><p><b>　　3.儀器和方法</b></p><p><b>　　3.1主要儀器 </b></p>

12、<p>　　主要儀器則列于表2 </p><p><b>　　表2主要儀器和試劑</b></p><p><b>　　3.2方法 </b></p><p>　　基本的學(xué)習(xí)方法的氣味標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是： （1）用動(dòng)態(tài)嗅覺儀檢測(cè)氣體樣品并分析強(qiáng)度; （ 2 ）通過實(shí)地試驗(yàn)基于氣味強(qiáng)度和氣味濃度關(guān)系建立氣味效果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 <

13、;/p><p>　　不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)對(duì)氣味強(qiáng)度分級(jí)不同，國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者認(rèn)為不能通過建立模型計(jì)算確定臭氣濃度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而是從嗅覺測(cè)試，相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要參考[10] 。合理的氣味強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)立足于明確的檢測(cè)和符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣味閾值的氣味濃度。如果氣味強(qiáng)度超過3級(jí)，我們可以認(rèn)為空氣已受到污染。這種對(duì)氣味閾值和氣味強(qiáng)度的分析是推斷出來的。費(fèi)希納公式是測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)中強(qiáng)度和濃度的關(guān)系式，如果公式中的臭氣濃度可以達(dá)到相應(yīng)的氣味閾值，那么這個(gè)濃度就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)濃度。

14、</p><p>　　德國(guó)VDI 3882標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是指氣味強(qiáng)度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響固定在3級(jí)，這就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的閾值。氣味強(qiáng)度的7 等級(jí)見表 3 。</p><p><b>　　表3 氣味強(qiáng)度規(guī)模</b></p><p>　　4.石化煉油廠建立的臭氣濃度和強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)4.1檢測(cè)煉油廠中的惡臭氣體樣品 最近某些國(guó)內(nèi)石化企業(yè)因工廠的臭氣干擾人們的生活一直遭

15、到控訴。隨著越來越大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模和越來越多含硫原料的使用，使得在復(fù)雜的生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生越越來越多的臭味物質(zhì)。煉油廠有許多的車間，如蒸餾車間，催化車間，潤(rùn)滑油，改革芳烴車間，加氫裂化車間，焦化車間，原料供應(yīng)車間，天然氣供應(yīng)車間，硫原料車間，供水和排水系統(tǒng)，綜合車間等。從煉油廠以上18個(gè)地點(diǎn)收集氣體樣本。檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明，煉油廠及其周圍環(huán)境的氣味濃度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是5-367·m-3。其中三個(gè)樣品的氣味強(qiáng)度相對(duì)較高，濃度分別為367 ·m-

16、3，、345·m-3 、 154·m-3，表明這三個(gè)樣品受污染嚴(yán)重。它們是從焦化車間、第三次蒸餾車間和單塔給排水系統(tǒng)取的環(huán)境樣品。 </p><p>　　4.2煉油廠建立的臭氣濃度和強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 來自每個(gè)車間的氣味不相同，成分也不盡相同。但主要成分是硫化氫，甲基硫醇，二甲基硫醚和碳?xì)浠衔锏?，具有一定的共性。通過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)在該煉油廠工作的人們對(duì)氣味有基本相同的感覺。要建立一個(gè)適用于所有煉油廠的

17、氣味標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么假設(shè)整個(gè)工廠的氣味組成是相同的，通過收集不同地區(qū)的臭氣濃度和強(qiáng)度來確定它們之間的關(guān)系。 </p><p>　　根據(jù)此精練廠的實(shí)際情況分三個(gè)部分分為加以討論: 供水和排水區(qū)域、北方的區(qū)域和南的區(qū)域。</p><p>　　4.2.1給排水領(lǐng)域氣味濃度和強(qiáng)度的研究 給排水領(lǐng)域的污水處理設(shè)備主要是負(fù)責(zé)煉油廠所產(chǎn)生的工業(yè)廢水。塔汽提設(shè)備處理來自接觸反應(yīng)裝置、煉焦廠和柴油加氫廠所

18、包含硫磺的廢水。 臭味氣體主要包含了氨，硫化氫，硫醇，碳?xì)浠衔?，苯系物和揮發(fā)性脂肪酸等。氣體樣品臭氣強(qiáng)度和濃度之間的關(guān)系及分析結(jié)果的圖1所示。 I=3.282lg(POC)+1.356，DOC（辨別氣味的濃度）為3.2·m-3</p><p>　　圖1 供水和排水領(lǐng)域的氣體樣本氣味強(qiáng)度和濃度的之間的關(guān)系</p><p>　　供水和排水車間是最后的設(shè)施但惡臭污染最

19、為嚴(yán)重，那里的臭味物質(zhì)如硫醇和硫醚具有低氣味閾值即使?jié)舛群艿鸵部梢愿杏X到。</p><p>　　4.2.2北方地區(qū)的氣味濃度和強(qiáng)度的研究</p><p>　　氣體樣品臭氣強(qiáng)度和濃度之間的關(guān)系及分析結(jié)果的圖2所示。</p><p>　　I=2.842lg(POC)+1.299，DOC（辨別氣味的濃度）為4.0·m-3</p><p>

20、　　圖2 北部地區(qū)氣體樣品的氣味強(qiáng)度和濃度之間的關(guān)系</p><p>　　氣體樣品是從蒸餾廠、第一催化廠和焦化廠收集的。在有機(jī)硫如二甲基硫醚在生產(chǎn)過程中存在，它具有低氣味閾值即使?jié)舛群艿鸵部梢愿杏X到。 4.2.3南區(qū)的氣味的濃度和強(qiáng)度的研究氣體樣品臭氣強(qiáng)度和濃度之間的關(guān)系及分析結(jié)果的圖3所示。 I=3.752lg(POC)+0.996, DOC（辨別氣味的濃度）為3.4·m-

21、3</p><p>　　圖3 南部地區(qū)氣體樣品的氣味強(qiáng)度和濃度之間的關(guān)系</p><p>　　有第二循環(huán)水處理設(shè)施和催化裝置的南部地區(qū)臭味污染嚴(yán)重。這里的氣體含有硫化物和氮化具有低氣味閾值使得可辨別的氣味濃度較低。 </p><p>　　4.2.4煉油廠臭味的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 18氣體樣本檢測(cè)結(jié)果已顯示在圖4 。我們從這些點(diǎn)線性回歸可以得到：

22、 I=2.918lg(POC)+1.346， DOC（辨別氣味的濃度）為3.7·m-3</p><p>　　圖4 煉油廠周圍的氣味強(qiáng)度和濃度的之間的關(guān)系</p><p>　　這四個(gè)區(qū)域的可辨別氣味濃度非常接近：3.2·m-3 ，4.0·m-3，3.4·m-3和3.7·m-3 。這表明最后的濃度值是可信的。 </p>&

23、lt;p>　　這個(gè)煉油廠的氣味強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是固定在國(guó)外氣味強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的三級(jí)強(qiáng)度。氣味濃度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值為4·m-3 。</p><p><b>　　5．結(jié)論 </b></p><p>　　論文研究了氣味的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外的目前情況介紹一些方法用于制定該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?；跓捰蛷S的實(shí)際情況，通過收集不同的地點(diǎn)的氣體樣品并加以分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)該煉油廠中臭味氣體所包含的成分具有

24、一定的共性而且在工廠中工作的人們對(duì)那里的氣味的感覺很接近。 對(duì)在煉油廠不同區(qū)域采集的氣體樣品進(jìn)行檢測(cè)并加以統(tǒng)計(jì)，進(jìn)而得到氣味濃度和強(qiáng)度之間的關(guān)系。關(guān)系式為I=2.918lg(POC)+1.346。石化企業(yè)評(píng)估氣味環(huán)境的一個(gè)合理的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是強(qiáng)度等級(jí)定為3級(jí)且臭氣濃度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值為4·m-3</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn) </b></p><p>　　[1]

25、陳宏國(guó)。探索和氣味惡臭污染控制的煉油廠。環(huán)境PROTECYION在石化行業(yè)中， 1995 ， （4）:31 – 37</p><p>　　[2] 科學(xué)與技術(shù)部和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，國(guó)家環(huán)保局。空氣質(zhì)量惡臭的測(cè)定三角氣味袋method.GB /噸14675-93 ， 1993年（中文）</p><p>　　[3] 指導(dǎo)評(píng)估環(huán)境因素評(píng)估氣味影響的新建議;環(huán)境保護(hù)局：西澳大利亞州， 2002年</p&

26、gt;<p>　　[4] 蔣, 氣味影響標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用氣味強(qiáng)度測(cè)量和社區(qū)調(diào)查在美國(guó)的發(fā)展：第二屆國(guó)際會(huì)議的空氣污染來自農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)， Desmoines ，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)監(jiān)督， 2000年[5] 蔣，氣味影響的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和澳大利亞養(yǎng)豬業(yè)在美國(guó)的發(fā)展;制備澳大利亞豬肉有限公司，新南威爾士大學(xué)：悉尼，澳大利亞， 2001年</p><p>　　[6] 郭J ，梁學(xué)者評(píng)價(jià)惡臭污染的污水處理廠。水利廢水.2002 ,18:

27、41 - 42 （中文）</p><p>　　[7] Katox達(dá)夫，一夫智。氣味分析儀器。北京：中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)出版社， 1992 。 39 （中文） </p><p>　　[8] 音響雷;李常健.氣味在美國(guó)規(guī)章和測(cè)量。城市環(huán)境與城市生態(tài)學(xué).2004 ，17 （ 3 ） :40 - 42 （中文） </p><p>　　[9] 草案政策.氣味固定來源的評(píng)價(jià)和管理

28、NSW.ENVIROMENT 保護(hù)權(quán)力。.2001 :12 - 13</p><p>　　[10] 石磊，進(jìn)攻氣味強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制作方法。城市環(huán)境與城市生態(tài).1994 ，7（ 4 ） :32 - 35 （中文）</p><p>　　附錄2：外文科技文獻(xiàn)原文</p><p>　　Study on Environmental Concentration Standard of

29、 Odor Pollution </p><p>　　in Refining Enterprises</p><p>　　ZHANG Qingdong1,2, GUO Shaohui1, ZHAO Dongfeng2 & ZHAO Chaocheng2 </p><p>　　(1 Environmental Centre of Chemical of Tec

30、hnology Institute, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; </p><p>　　2 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), </p><p>　　Dongying 25

31、7061, Shandong, China)</p><p>　　Abstract: The odor standard of the environment in refining enterprises is studied, for in which the odor pollution are relatively serious. The odor analysis methods and the in

32、tensity classification of European standards are consulted. The dynamic olfactometer made in Australia is used to analyze the samplings from 18 point positions. Through the relationship between the odor concentration and

33、 the intensity in one certain refinery, the reasonable standard value is suggested to be 4·m-3 as the res</p><p>　　Keywords: odor; refinery; the environmental standard; the dynamic olfactometer</p>

34、;<p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　The odor pollution, as one kind of the sense social effect pollution, has been paid more and more attention. The proportion to the odor in the environment complaints ad

35、ded increasingly. But there has no systemic environment standard for the odor in the world, which brings a difficult problem to the odor effect analysis. At present, the environmental quality standard about the odor is s

36、till lack in China. The refining enterprise is one of the most serious industries producing odor pollution. The </p><p>　　2 Survey of Odor Standard in the World</p><p>　　At present there exist

37、differences on the odor detection systems between countries. In China the combination of instrumental analysis and triangle odor bag method is used to affirm the odor effect [2], while the dynamic olfactometry is current

38、ly used to detect the odor concentration in the mixing gas internationally and a relatively uniform standard has been formed. The study on the standardization of the detection used by the dynamic olfactometry is favor of

39、 the advancement of the odor detectio</p><p>　　In the past, the selection of odor effect standard depended on the information from the literatures and relevant data, the establishment of a scientific standar

40、d need reliable data and rational analysis, and recently this technology has been used to build the odor effect standard[3-5]. The “discernable” grades of the odor intensity grading have been used in the environmental ef

41、fect standard of odor [6].</p><p>　　“The Odor Prevention and Control Law” in Japan has come into effect in May, 1972[7], in which the ammonia, styrene and hydrogen sulfide, etc. are specified as the limited

42、odor matters and the odor concentration equivalent to 2.5 is decided to be the boundary standard of the factories. </p><p>　　In 1992 the “VDI 3882.1-Olfactometry-Determination of Odor Intensity” was publishe

43、d by VDI, which was used to build the odor effect standard for the stock raising in Australia in 1996. In 2003 the European standard based on the dynamic olfactometry was issued, in which the detection method to the odor

44、 intensity has been improved.</p><p>　　In the United States many air pollution prevention and control regions are plotted out and odor control standards are separately established. For example, in Bay region

45、 of California, the discharge ports and the maximum permissible concentrations(100×odor threshold and 50×odor threshold) are set to the five odor pollutants such as methyl-thioether, mercaptan-class, ammonia, t

46、hi-methylamine and phenol. Many states such as Colorado, Minnesota and Missouri disparted the regions by their functions a</p><p>　　In New South Wales of Australia the environmental odor standard is divided

47、by the numbers of people affected by the odor. The standard is in Table.1[9]. The Australia Environment Protection Department considered one rational odor standard should satisfy condition as followed: 7·m-3 is reas

48、onable to the single resident if the receiving point sits on the boundary of a factory with odor source, and 2·m-3 is accepted if more people affected.</p><p>　　The current odor standards are described

49、as single odor concentration to all kinds of odor gases, which have different natural characters to bring relatively large differences on the sensible intensities. The reasonable standard should be ruled by the people’s

50、acceptable sense based on the odor intensity. And in recent years the advanced dynamic forcing selection methods with sense and view has greatly improved the sensitivity of odor detection. The use of the dynamic olfactom

51、etry will improve t</p><p>　　The current standards used in China are “Emission Standard for Odor Pollution” (GB 14554-93) and “Air quality-Determination of odor-Triangle odor bag method” (GB/T 14675-93), etc

52、. But the relative environmental quality standard is lack.</p><p>　　It should be noted that using different olfactometers will influence the value in standards when the international standards are referred,

53、in which the differences may be 3 to 10 times from each other. In this thesis the DynaScent olfactometer used has greatly improved the sensitivity of the odor detection.</p><p>　　Table 1 Environmental odor

54、standard in New South Wales </p><p>　　3 Instruments and Methods </p><p>　　3.1 Main Instruments</p><p>　　Main Instruments are shown in Table 2.</p><p>　　Table 2 Main

55、instruments and reagents </p><p>　　3.2 Methods </p><p>　　The basic studying methods for the odor standards are: (1) detecting the gas sample from the environment by the dynamic olfactometer and

56、 analyzing the intensity; (2) based on the relations between the odor intensity and odor concentration received from the field tests, building the odor effect standards. </p><p>　　For the grading of odor int

57、ensities differed from different countries and regions, domestic scholars consider that the standard odor concentration can not be decided by the model calculation, but from the olfactory tests, and relative standard ref

58、erences needed[10]. The reasonable odor intensity standard should base on the detecting distinct and the concentration of odor gases under that threshold should be the criterion. If the odor intensity exceeds grade 3, we

59、 can consider the atmosphere has </p><p>　　The German standard VDI 3882 is referred, in which the standard odor intensity affecting environment is fixed on the grade 3 and this is the standard threshold valu

60、e. The 7 grades odor intensity scale is shown in Table 3.</p><p>　　4 Establishment of Odor Concentration and Intensity Standard in the Petrochemical Refinery </p><p>　　4.1 Detection of the Odo

61、r Gas Sample in the Refinery </p><p>　　One certain domestic petrochemical enterprise has been complained recently for its odor disturbance. With the increasing of production scale and sulfur content in the f

62、eedstock, more and more odor matters are produced from the complex processes. There have many workshops in the refinery, such as distillation, catalytic, lubricating oil, reformed aromatics, hydrocracking, coking, raw ma

63、terial, gas supply, sulfur, water supply and drainage, integrated workshop, etc. 18 spots are laid in the refine</p><p>　　4.2 Establishment of Odor Concentration and Intensity Standard in the Refinery</p

64、><p>　　The odor from each workshop is not same, and the compositions are versatile. But the main compositions are hydrogen sulfide, methyl-mercaptan, dimethyl thioether and hydrocarbons, etc. which have certain

65、 commonness. Through the survey to the refinery, it is found that people in the refinery have basically the same sense to the odor. To establish an odor standard to all refinery, the odor compositions of the whole factor

66、y are supposed to be the same and odor concentrations and intensities from di</p><p>　　According to the actual situations in this refinery, three parts are divided to be discussed: the water supply and drain

67、age area, the north region and the south region.</p><p>　　4.2.1 Study on odour concentration and intensity of the water supply and drainage area</p><p>　　The sewage treatment equipment in the w

68、ater supply and drainage area is mainly charge of the industrial waste water produced by the refinery. The single tower stripping equipment treats the sulfur-containing waste water from the catalytic, coking and the dies

69、el hydrogenation plants. The odor gas mainly contains the ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan, hydrocarbon, benzene series and volatile fatty acids, etc.</p><p>　　The relation between the odor intensities a

70、nd the analysis results of the gas samples is shown in Fig.1.</p><p>　　I=3.282lg(POC)+1.356, DOC(discernable odor concentration) is 3.2·m-3.</p><p>　　Fig.1 Relations between the odor in

71、tensity and concentration of the gas sample from the water supply and drainage area</p><p>　　The water supply and drainage workshop is the last facility and the odor pollution is the severest, where the odor

72、 matters as mercaptan and thioether which have low thresholds can be sensed even with the small concentrations. </p><p>　　4.2.2 Study on odour concentration and intensity of the north area</p><p&

73、gt;　　The relation between the odor intensities and the analysis results of the gas samples is shown in Fig.2. </p><p>　　I=2.842lg(POC)+1.299, DOC(discernable odor concentration) is 4.0·m-3.</p>

74、<p>　　Fig.2 Relations between the odor intensity and concentration of the gas sample from the north area</p><p>　　The gas samples are gathered from the distillation plant, the first catalytic plant a

75、nd the coking plant. The organic sulfur as dimethyl thioether exists in the process which has low thresholds can be sensed even with the small concentrations. </p><p>　　4.2.3 Study on odour concentration an

76、d intensity of the south area</p><p>　　The relation between the odor intensities and the analysis results of the gas samples is shown in Fig.3.</p><p>　　I=3.752lg(POC)+0.996, DOC(discernable

77、odor concentration) is 3.4·m-3.</p><p>　　Fig.3 Relations between the odor intensity and concentration of the gas sample from the south area</p><p>　　There have the second recycling water t

78、reating facility and the catalytic plant in the south area. The odor pollution is severer where the odor gas contains sulfide and nitride with low thresholds, which make the discernable odor concentration lower. </p&g

79、t;<p>　　4.2.4 The environmental odor standard of the refinery </p><p>　　The detecting results of 18 gas samples have been shown on Fig.4. Linear regressed from these spots, we can get:</p><

80、;p>　　I=2.918lg(POC)+1.346. DOC(discernable odor concentration) is 3.7·m-3.</p><p>　　Fig.4 Relations between the odor intensity and concentration of the refinery surrounding</p><p>　　

81、The discernable odor concentrations of the four areas are very close: 3.2·m-3, 4.0·m-3, 3.4·m-3 and 3.7·m-3. This indicates the last concentration value is creditable. </p><p>　　The odor

82、intensity standard of this refinery is fixed on the grade 3 referred to the foreign odor intensity standards. The standard value of odor concentration is 4·m-3.</p><p>　　5 Conclusions</p><p&

83、gt;　　The thesis studied the odor environmental standards and brought the method to establish the standard according to the present situations in China and abroad. Based on the actual conditions in the refinery, through t

84、he collection and analysis of the gas samples from different sites, it is found that the compositions of odor in the refineries have certain commonness and people have close senses to the odor there. The gas samples from

85、 different areas of the refinery are detected statistically to es</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　Chen Hongguo. Probe of Odor Pollution and odor Control in Refinery. ENVIRONMENT PROTECYION IN PETRO

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