外文翻譯--國(guó)內(nèi)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展方向

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　Present situation of access working vehicles industry and its development stratagem in China</p><p>　　Our work in the machinery production in the la

2、te 1970s, rapid development, started the current production management enterprise with several rapidly increased to over 40, and foreign joint ventures or cooperative enterprises have five production. According to 2004 a

3、nd 2005《the Chinese mechanical engineering yearbook》，2003 annual aloft working machinery industrial output for 32139 million yuan, the production of various kinds of aerial work platform 1906, aerial work platform car 7.

4、4, In 2004, al</p><p>　　1 Aloft working machinery industry development present situation</p><p>　　1.1 To improve product performance</p><p>　　Our aloft working machinery industry ba

5、ckbone enterprises of some use their equipment and technology advantages, through the study, the introduction and digest its own technology and equipment, through the study, introduce advanced foreign technology and deve

6、loped many new products, the products of the technical level and product quality is improving, and close to the international similar product level # promoted aloft working machinery industry in the domestic market and t

7、echnological progress</p><p>　　1.2 Product category and quantity increasing</p><p>　　Our work with the mechanical product demand of national economy and the development of urban construction inc

8、reased year by year, all kinds of new products increased rapidly in recent years. If Beijing hoisting machine factory in just a few short years time successively developed car scissor platform, shear fork self-traveling

9、platform, folding boom type platform, single mast aluminum alloy platform and double mast section aluminum box platform, aluminum mast platform, manual mast platform for n</p><p>　　2 Aloft working machinery

10、industry problems</p><p>　?。?）Part of enterprise technology innovation ability is poor</p><p>　　Part of the enterprise value product update and new product development, product decades of consis

11、tent, specifications, single market business enterprise product yield, narrow range declined year by year, industry benefits. In recent years, the work of mechanical products into the domestic, such as Finland, the Unite

12、d States JLG, Bronto company is well-established and Genin, Up Skyjack Snorkel, such as Britain, Italy, Denmark, some famous companies in China were successively established offices,</p><p>　　(2) Most of the

13、 enterprise with independent production,</p><p>　　Specialized production craft level is very low, backward, low labor productivity. A small companies, small mill production enterprises, such as aerial work m

14、achinery in jiangsu, guangdong, a region have dozens of small business enterprise, the product yield less, poor quality, low price, severe shock and affect the normal market sales.</p><p>　　3 Aloft working m

15、achinery industry development direction</p><p>　　3.1 Increase the enterprise technological innovation</p><p>　　Aloft working industry as a new industry, urban construction to adjust the structur

16、e of products. To grasp the power supply with aloft working mechanical products, construction machinery and charged up self-traveling insulating aerial work mechanical product development, indoor light work platform and

17、25m above fire rescue car development and application. The general development trend is to expand the scope of homework assignments machinery aloft to satisfy different needs of assignment , To ens</p><p>　　

18、Aerial work platform products in domestic most previous hand thrust, big volume weight, quality, change is very difficult, and to work site users and inconvenience on product developed countries have updated. Therefore,

19、the development of light alloy platform and self-traveling platform a broad prospect in recent years, the development from domestic sales alloy platform to also proved this point.</p><p>　　Priority should be

20、 controlled mechanical aloft work safety and protection technology, indoor and outdoor light work platform and operation platform and big homework self-traveling amplitude platform and new-type multi-functional car resea

21、rch and development.</p><p>　　3.2 Develop special engineering vehicle chassis</p><p>　　To improve our car technology level, must solve engineering problems vehicle chassis. China now is to impro

22、ve the overall level of automobile industry, collectivize way, and actively introduce scale of foreign capital and technology, but also to light chassis. Car manufacturers should be based on the car according to the spec

23、ific requirements, specifically designed light, medium and heavy truck chassis for car modified.</p><p>　　3.3 Extended use of the product function and purpose</p><p>　　Our high mechanical use sc

24、ope is narrow, the use of main street lamp, road traffic, have garden department, the domestic manufacturer mostly concentrated in the subway station, user, stores, factories, power, and other departments, its market str

25、eet is far from mining and cultivation. Aloft working machinery in the promising electricity, telecommunications and cable TV system using less, investigate its reason is the domestic product technical performance and pa

26、rameters can completely meet the r</p><p>　　With the development of our national economy, power of industrial and agricultural production and people's life, the country has inestimable loss begins to imp

27、lement the electricity law of the power supply reliability requirements, more and more high, the first-class enterprise in power system of power supply reliability requirement activities, so how to achieve 99.9% power ma

28、intenance - doesn't solve the problem with some homework has been very prominent.This new car to break the routine work, </p><p>　　國(guó)內(nèi)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展方向</p><p>　　我國(guó)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械的生產(chǎn)于20世紀(jì)70年代末開始起步，發(fā)展較快，目

29、前生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)已由原來的幾家迅速增加到40余家，其中與國(guó)外合資或合作生產(chǎn)的企業(yè)有5家。根據(jù)2004年和2005年《中國(guó)工程機(jī)械年鑒》，2003年年高空作業(yè)機(jī)械工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值為32139萬(wàn)元，生產(chǎn)各類高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)1906臺(tái)，高空作業(yè)車740臺(tái)；2004年高空作業(yè)機(jī)械工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值為36340萬(wàn)元，生產(chǎn)各類高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)2500臺(tái)，高空作業(yè)車800臺(tái)。行業(yè)幾個(gè)骨干企業(yè)通過近幾年的技術(shù)改造，其生產(chǎn)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，形成了各自特色的產(chǎn)品系列#基本能滿足國(guó)內(nèi)市

30、場(chǎng)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械的需要，企業(yè)的各項(xiàng)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)逐步上升，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益也逐年提高。</p><p>　　1 高空作業(yè)機(jī)械行業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　1.1 產(chǎn)品性能提高</p><p>　　我國(guó)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械行業(yè)的一些骨干企業(yè)利用自己的技術(shù)和設(shè)備優(yōu)勢(shì)，通過學(xué)習(xí)、引進(jìn)和消化自己的技術(shù)和設(shè)備優(yōu)勢(shì)，通過學(xué)習(xí)、引進(jìn)和消化國(guó)外先進(jìn)技術(shù)開發(fā)了許多新產(chǎn)品，其產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)水平和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量

31、都不斷提高，達(dá)到和接近了國(guó)際同類產(chǎn)品的水平#推動(dòng)了高空作業(yè)機(jī)械行業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步，在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力強(qiáng)、市場(chǎng)銷路好，產(chǎn)量增加較快。如北京起重機(jī)器廠開發(fā)了自行式剪叉平臺(tái)、蜘蛛式折臂平臺(tái)、箱型截面鋁合金桅柱平臺(tái)。其中箱型截面鋁合金桅柱平臺(tái)單桅柱最大作業(yè)高度達(dá)到了16.5m；杭州賽奇工程機(jī)械廠多桅柱鋁合金平臺(tái)達(dá)到了22m，杭州愛知工程車輛有限公司開發(fā)的全液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)型自行式高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)，最大作業(yè)高度可達(dá)26.7m。以上產(chǎn)品填補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品空白，達(dá)到了國(guó)

32、際先進(jìn)水平。此外，在高空作業(yè)車產(chǎn)品方面，撫順起重機(jī)總廠、錦州重型機(jī)械股份有限公司、徐州工程機(jī)械集團(tuán)以及重慶大江工業(yè)（集團(tuán)）有限公司等先后開發(fā)了30m以上的高空消防作業(yè)車，徹底打破了國(guó)內(nèi)只能依賴進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的薄弱局面。</p><p>　　1.2 產(chǎn)品種類和數(shù)量不斷增加</p><p>　　我國(guó)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的需求量隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和城市建設(shè)的發(fā)展逐年增加，各種規(guī)格的新產(chǎn)品近幾年增加較快。如北京起

33、重機(jī)器廠在短短幾年時(shí)間先后開發(fā)了車載剪叉式平臺(tái)、剪叉自行式平臺(tái)、折臂式平臺(tái)、單桅柱鋁合金平臺(tái)和雙桅柱鋁合金平臺(tái)、箱型截面鋁合金桅柱平臺(tái)、手動(dòng)鋁合金桅柱平臺(tái)等近10個(gè)品種30多個(gè)規(guī)格的產(chǎn)品。杭州賽奇工程機(jī)械廠近幾年先后開發(fā)了單桅柱鋁合金平臺(tái)、桅柱鋁合金平臺(tái)及多桅柱鋁合金平臺(tái)，其中多桅柱鋁合金平臺(tái)完成了10m、12m、14m、16m、18m、20m、22m共7種規(guī)格的研制。杭州愛知工程車輛有限公司開發(fā)了全液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的自行式高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)，為國(guó)內(nèi)

34、船舶修造、建筑、機(jī)場(chǎng)及工礦企業(yè)的安裝檢修工程等提供了新的品種。浦沅集團(tuán)有限公司開發(fā)了12m、16m、20m、25m、30m高空作業(yè)車和QKH8-19-8起重及高空作業(yè)車。錦州重型機(jī)械股份有限公司近年也完成了22m、32m、50m大高度高空消防救援車的研制，徐州重型機(jī)械廠完成了67m大高度高空消防救援車的研制。</p><p>　　2高空作業(yè)機(jī)械行業(yè)存在的問題</p><p>　?。?）部分

35、企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力較差</p><p>　　部分企業(yè)不重視產(chǎn)品的更新和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)，產(chǎn)品幾十年一貫制，種規(guī)格單一、市場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍窄，企業(yè)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量逐年下降，業(yè)效益差。近幾年，外高空作業(yè)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品紛紛進(jìn)入國(guó)內(nèi)，如芬蘭的Bronto公司、美國(guó)JLG、Genin、Up-right、Snorkel、Skyjack等公司以及英國(guó)、意大利、丹麥的一些著名公司在國(guó)內(nèi)都相繼設(shè)立了辦事機(jī)構(gòu)，而且在大高度產(chǎn)品和特殊產(chǎn)品中仍然占有國(guó)內(nèi)主要市場(chǎng)

36、，如高空絕緣作業(yè)車、蜘蛛式大高度作業(yè)平臺(tái)、自行式高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)等。這些進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品性能好、外觀美，價(jià)格與國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品相差不多，具有很強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。</p><p>　?。?）專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)水平低的小作坊式企業(yè)較多</p><p>　　國(guó)內(nèi)大部分企業(yè)以自主生產(chǎn)為主，專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)水平很低，工藝落后、勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率低。一些小公司、小作坊式企業(yè)紛紛生產(chǎn)高空作業(yè)機(jī)械，如在江蘇、廣東等地，一個(gè)地區(qū)就有數(shù)十家企業(yè)，這些小企業(yè)

37、的產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量少、質(zhì)量差、價(jià)格低，嚴(yán)重沖擊和影響著正常的市場(chǎng)銷售。</p><p>　　3、高空作業(yè)機(jī)械行業(yè)的發(fā)展方向</p><p>　　3.1 加大企業(yè)的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新力度</p><p>　　高空作業(yè)行業(yè)作為城市建設(shè)的新型產(chǎn)業(yè)，必須調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)。要抓好供電用高空作業(yè)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品、建筑用自行式登高作業(yè)機(jī)械及帶電絕緣高空作業(yè)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)，室內(nèi)外輕型作業(yè)平臺(tái)和25m以上消防救援

38、高空作業(yè)車的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用?？偟陌l(fā)展趨勢(shì)是致力于擴(kuò)大高空作業(yè)機(jī)械的作業(yè)范圍#滿足不同作業(yè)的需要；確保使用人員的作業(yè)安全；提高操縱和使用性能。</p><p>　　高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)產(chǎn)品以往國(guó)內(nèi)大多以手推式為主，體積大、質(zhì)量重，更換工作場(chǎng)地非常困難，給用戶使用帶來不便#而發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在產(chǎn)品上早已更新。因此，開發(fā)輕便的鋁合金平臺(tái)和自行式平臺(tái)有著廣闊的前景，從國(guó)內(nèi)近幾年開發(fā)的鋁合金平臺(tái)銷量來看也證明了這一點(diǎn)。</p>

39、<p>　　應(yīng)該優(yōu)先進(jìn)行高空作業(yè)機(jī)械的自動(dòng)控制和安全保護(hù)技術(shù)、室內(nèi)外輕型作業(yè)平臺(tái)及自行式作業(yè)平臺(tái)和大作業(yè)幅度平臺(tái)及新型多功能高空作業(yè)車的研究、開發(fā)。</p><p>　　3.2 開發(fā)專用工程車輛底盤</p><p>　　要提高我國(guó)高空作業(yè)車的技術(shù)水平，首先必須解決工程車輛底盤問題。我國(guó)目前正在努力提高汽車工業(yè)的整體水平，走集團(tuán)化規(guī)模道路，并積極引進(jìn)國(guó)外資金及技術(shù)，但還只限于輕型底

40、盤。汽車制造廠家應(yīng)該在此基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)高空作業(yè)車的具體要求，專門設(shè)計(jì)輕型、中型和重型的工程車底盤以供高空作業(yè)車的改裝之用。</p><p>　　3.3 擴(kuò)展產(chǎn)品的使用功能和用途</p><p>　　我國(guó)高空機(jī)械的使用范圍還比較窄，使用較多的主要有路燈、道路交通、園林部門，國(guó)內(nèi)大多廠家把用戶集中在車站、地鐵、商店、工廠、供電、路燈等部門，其市場(chǎng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有挖掘和培育出來。高空作業(yè)機(jī)械在有發(fā)展前途的電

41、力、電信及有線電視系統(tǒng)使用較少，究其原因是國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)性能及參數(shù)還不能完全滿足上述三大系統(tǒng)使用的要求，在產(chǎn)品用途和功能上還需更新。如將高空作業(yè)機(jī)械用在建筑施工中以替代某些腳手架施工、建筑物外墻表面的裝飾、清洗和維護(hù)等；絕緣架線和維修；消防救援及大型物體（船舶、飛機(jī)）維護(hù)檢查等#但開發(fā)以上這些產(chǎn)品需要從產(chǎn)品的適應(yīng)性、技術(shù)性能上進(jìn)行較大的突破。</p><p>　　隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，停電對(duì)工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人民生活帶來的

42、損失不可估量，國(guó)家已經(jīng)開始實(shí)行《電力法》，對(duì)供電可靠性要求越來越高，在電力系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)一流企業(yè)活動(dòng)中要求供電可靠率達(dá)到99.9%，所以如何解決不停電檢修—帶點(diǎn)作業(yè)的問題已經(jīng)非常突出。這就要求不但能登高作業(yè)，還要具有絕緣性能好的高空作業(yè)車，這種新型高空作業(yè)車要打破常規(guī)的格局，工作斗、臂架要采用非金屬的高性能絕緣材料，工作斗對(duì)整個(gè)作業(yè)的控制不能采用一般的電控和液控，還要具有起吊能力，并有更可靠的安全性、平穩(wěn)性、微調(diào)性。電信和有線電視系統(tǒng)使用的高空

43、作業(yè)車要求小巧靈活，能走街穿巷，操作方便、乘坐舒適。這就要求設(shè)計(jì)小型先進(jìn)的汽車底盤，并解決動(dòng)力輸出問題。應(yīng)該特別注意的是，高空作業(yè)車新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)不能限制在汽車上，應(yīng)該考慮它是一種工程機(jī)械，以適應(yīng)用戶的需要為前提，行走方式可以采用電動(dòng)自行式、液控自行式、輪胎自行式、履帶自行式等。我國(guó)船舶行業(yè)對(duì)輪胎液控自行式高空作業(yè)車的需求量很大，建筑行業(yè)對(duì)履帶自行式產(chǎn)品也將產(chǎn)生需求，室內(nèi)裝修，清洗行業(yè)大量需要電機(jī)自行式高空作業(yè)車。隨著高速公路、高架橋的出