外文翻譯--基于lwip協(xié)議的海洋數據采集與傳輸系統(tǒng)研究

1、<p>　　中文3350字，2000英文單詞，10500英文字符</p><p>　　文獻出處：Wang H, Zhou Q, Zhang X, et al. A marine data collection and transmission system based on LwIP[J]. Application of Electronic Technique, 2012:346 - 349.<

2、/p><p>　　畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文文獻翻譯</p><p><b>　　原文：</b></p><p>　　Research on Marine Data Collection and Transmission System based on Lwip Protocol</p><p><b>　　Hui Wa

3、ng</b></p><p>　　zjwh.good@163.com</p><p><b>　　Wenyu Cai</b></p><p>　　dreampp2000@163.com</p><p>　　Abstract—Due to the status quo that serial data tran

4、smission capacity cannot meet the demand of marine environment real-time detection in the marine data acquisition system. This paper designs and implements a faster Ethernet data transmission system, which can be connect

5、ed with each other by Interconnection device. For the system based on single node, it consists of sensor modules, processing board. The latter constitutes of STM32F107VC processor, a lightweight LwIP protocol stack based

6、 on it. </p><p>　　Keywords-Data Collection; LwIP ; TCP/IP; Data Transmission.</p><p>　　I INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　In recent years, Marine data collection and transmission system (MDC

7、ATS) regarding seafloor observatory nodes as the carrier can realize the real-time, automatic acquisition of water environmental monitoring data below sea level. It consists of various sensors, CPU controller, data trans

8、ferring interface, and remote monitoring platform. At the same time, it could provide a wealth of information on ocean exploration and monitoring. From the beginning of developing marine data acquisition and moni</p&g

9、t;<p>　　According to the requirement of transferring rate based on data acquisition and transmission system, this paper puts forward aEthernet transmission solution, which uses Floating ball as single MDCATS node,

10、 the whole network diagram is shown in Fig. 1. When considering single node, we use Lwip as Ethernet protocol stack, by completing the transplantation of Lwip TCP/IP protocol stack on STM32FI07VC and using UDP transferri

11、ng form to open the different sensors and set the sample interval for them </p><p>　　II PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM</p><p>　　In consideration of consistency for every node in MDCATS Networ

12、ks, this paper emphasizes on analyzing single MDCATS. The overall structure of MDCATS is shown in Fig. 2. The part with bold black box is the main components of the design and implementation in this system. This paper fo

13、cuses on MDCATS which includes varieties of sensors, data acquisition boards and user remote detection terminals. It chiefly fulfills storage data from sensors and detects them with real-time monitoring. In order to e<

14、;/p><p>　　The operating principal of MDCATS can be described as: When sensors underwater detect data coming in, they instantly pass them to data acquisition board through serial port. Once received data, the bo

15、ard immediately takes over samples via Ethernet and executes SD card storage operations. At this point, by means of UDP transmission with the help of net lines that they can pass real-time data to user's remote compu

16、ter terminals. After the data reception, sensors continue to perform data collection</p><p>　　All the sensors above, CTD sensor 1, 2, 3 and 4 are general sensor with RS232 interface. While coupled sensors 1,

17、 2 and 99 are self-contained sensors, when connecting into circuit, they need to add the modem module.</p><p>　　III DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM</p><p>　　A. Communication Manner</p><p>　　A

18、t present, there are three ways of data transition between sensor serial data and Ethernet data. Such as: (1) use a dedicated network processing chips; (2) use high-end embedded system to process; (3) use both microcontr

19、oller and network control chip. By comparison, it is clearly that the first one has a higher costs and need to re-design the interface; the cost of second one is also high, and the resource of chips cannot be used very w

20、ell if only using them as communication interface. Compared</p><p>　　B. CPU and Communication Module</p><p>　　This paper selected STM32F107VC as the main controller; the Core of CPU is based on

21、ARM 32-bit Cortex?-M3, and is up to 72MRZ high performance processor. Due to owning 10/100M Ethernet MAC With dedicated DMA and SRAM (4Kbyte). It is dedicated to network embedded device. At the same time, it has varietie

22、s of serial resources, 5 USART channels, which make it not only supports the physical connection of modem module and sensor, but also provides redundant ports that could connect more equipment thr</p><p>　　T

23、his paper chooses DP83848C as Ethernet physical layer transceiver chip. It is embedded IEEE 802.3-compliant 10/100 Ethernet MAC and supports MIl, RMII, SNI these three connections. Also integrated within the data transce

24、iver and filtering. When in full-duplex mode, the maximum speed can reach 100Mbit/s in theory.</p><p>　　As it is shown in Fig. 3, we adopt RMII connection mode between micro-controller and Ethernet transceiv

25、er chip [3]. By this means, it reduces the connection pins of the PHY under the premise of maintaining the existing characteristics of the physical layer device. Meanwhile, it reduces the cost of system design when keepi

26、ng all the features relating to IEEE802.3 specification.</p><p>　　C. Transplanting Lwip Stack</p><p>　　Lwip is an open source TCP/IP protocol stack which was developed by Adam Dunkles from Compu

27、ter Science in Switzerland [4]. The emphasis of implementation is to reduce RAM usage on the basis of maintaining the TCP functions. It can run only with tens of bytes of RAM and 40KB ROM, which makes it suitable for app

28、lication in low-end embedded systems.</p><p>　　There are two common implementation ways towards Embedded TCP/IP stack. The first one is regarding each protocol in the protocol family as a separate process, a

29、nd specifying communication points in the process. The other one is putting protocol stack into the kernel of operating system, and making connections with protocol stack by application calling. In all, the strong points

30、 of the first one are that its code is easy to understand and occupying fewer system resources, last but not least, it d</p><p>　　D. Design of Software on Data Acquisition Board</p><p>　　This sy

31、stem consists of two parts: obtaining sensor data, transferring data programs and real-time monitoring procedures. Among them, programs on data acquisition board compile and test under KEIL uVision4, programs of remote m

32、onitoring compile and test under Visual Studio 2008.</p><p>　　The program on board mainly consists of 4 steps: (1) System initialization. Including system clock, RTC real-time clock. Lwip protocol stack, gen

33、eral I/O initialization. (2) Serial port configuration and communication. (3) Listening to the command of remote terminal. struct udp __pcb includes the minimum transmission unit of Ethernet data, address of IP, subnet m

34、ask, gateway, local port number, destination port number. When creating udp_pcb, then we call udp API operating function udp _recv to b</p><p>　　E. Design of Software on Remote Monitoring Terminal</p>

35、<p>　　The program of remote user control terminal is mainly to realize real-time monitoring for sampling data on board and status of sensors. Control port searches our devices in the form of filtering IP address, a

36、nd creates virtual link with underwater acquisition board. Afterwards, terminal on ground sends the signal of starting sensors with the help of UDP communication via Ethernet [6]. After transmitting all these commands, e

37、veryone second, control port intermittently sends commands of getting da</p><p>　　F. System Measurement</p><p>　　In the environment of laboratory, we connect 5 serial ports on board with modem”

38、CTD sensor 1, 2, 3, 4, MAC interface connects with MAC interface of PC via net lines. At the same time, we set the number of UDP listening port is 5000, the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, and the gateway is 192.168.1.1, u

39、ltimately, set local IP is 192.168.1.101 and board with 192.168.1.220. When system powers on, Opening the software of remote terminal, finding the data acquisition board by searching device with spec</p><p>

40、　　In the basis of statement above, then we choose different lengths of data as the approximate data length of sensors, at the same time, we also take 3 transmission methods for comparison in our measurements. As a notice

41、, all the measurements are on the condition of running for 10 minutes. Through Fig. 6, there is no denying the fact that transmission with Ethernet is speedier than the other ways regardless of different amounts of data.

42、</p><p>　　IV CONCLUSIONS</p><p>　　In this paper, we proposed a fast marine data collection and transmission system based on Lwip protocol stack. In the premise of stability of data transmission

43、, in order to take real-time into account tremendously, we improve transmission rate as much as possible from hardware selection to software design. By Ethernet transmission, we not only improve real-time of system, but

44、also provide a more convenient way for Data Interchange. Meanwhile, it is easy for expansion or network by joining interw</p><p>　　ACKNOWLEDGMENT</p><p>　　This paper is funded by Zhejiang Provin

45、ce as a project of technology innovative team (2010R5001 0), which is concentrating on researching on intelligent identification and application of technology and the Open Foundation of the Zhejiang Most Important Subjec

46、ts - Circuits and System.</p><p>　　REFERENCES</p><p>　　1. Yan Xia Zhuang, Yun Qiang Sun, Ai Qin Yao. Real-Time Data Transmission System Based on CAN-BUS [J]. Data collection and Processing, 2006

47、,(21):222-225.</p><p>　　2. Jing Qian Chen, Zhi Wei He, Wen Ze Liu. Design of Protocol Conversion Unit between RS232 and CAN BUS[J].Electronics Engineer,2004,30(4):63-66.</p><p>　　3. Xing Song, Y

48、ong Guo, Xing Hong Xie. Application of Ethernet PHY Chip DP83848C Based on RMII Mode[J].Microconctrollers & Embedded Systems. 2010,(8).</p><p>　　4. Adam Dunkels. Lwip source code [DB/OL] . http://www.sic

49、s.se/~adam/lwip/.</p><p>　　5. Yong Hong Wang, Wei Xu, Li Ping Hao. The principals and p ractice of STM32 based on Cortex-M3 microcontroller[M].2008:366-368.</p><p>　　6. Geroge Thomas.A TCP/UDP t

50、ransmission method used for controlling[J]. Integration of mechanics and electrics in home and abroad.2001,6(4):9-11.</p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p>　　基于LwIP協(xié)議的海洋數據采集與傳輸系統(tǒng)研究</p>&

51、lt;p>　　摘要：由于串行數據傳輸能力不能滿足海洋環(huán)境的實時檢測在海洋數據采集系統(tǒng)的需求現(xiàn)狀，本文設計并實現(xiàn)了一種可以通過互連裝置連接的更快的以太網數據傳輸系統(tǒng)。這個系統(tǒng)以單個節(jié)點為基礎的系統(tǒng)，它包括傳感器模塊，處理板。后者由STM32F107VC處理器，基于它的輕量級LwIP協(xié)議棧構成。通過向處理器移植LwIP協(xié)議棧，我們在應用層上實現(xiàn)了在串行數據和以太網數據之間的雙向數據傳輸系統(tǒng)。在我們的測試中，我們選擇從100到500字節(jié)

52、不同幀長度的變量;通過比較，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)從100字節(jié)到500字節(jié)，通過以太網傳輸的速率優(yōu)于RS232 、RS485 、CAN總線的傳輸速率，滿足設計要求。 </p><p>　　關鍵詞：數據采集; LwIP; TCP / IP;數據傳輸。</p><p><b>　　一． 簡介</b></p><p>　　近年來，以海洋數據收集和海底觀測節(jié)點作為載

53、體的傳輸系統(tǒng)（MUDCATS），可實現(xiàn)實時、自動地采集海平面以下的水環(huán)境監(jiān)測數據。它包括各種傳感器，CPU控制器，數據傳輸接口，以及遠程監(jiān)控平臺。同時，它可以提供海洋勘探和監(jiān)測的豐富信息。從發(fā)展海洋數據采集與監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)開始到現(xiàn)在，傳輸的類型可以是多樣的[1]，如RS232，RS485，CAN總線等。而每一個傳輸方法都有自己的優(yōu)點和缺點。RS232支持全雙工通信，并提供了與各種設備直接連接的通道，但它的工作距離短，傳輸率低，抗干擾能力差。

54、485只支持半雙工通信，并具有較高的抗噪聲能力，比RS232更遠的傳輸距離，但是它的傳輸速率也低。 CAN總線只支持半雙工通信，并具備更遠的傳輸距離和較強的抗干擾能力，但它的傳輸速率仍然是有限的[2]。</p><p>　　根據數據采集和傳輸系統(tǒng)傳送速率的要求，本文提出了一種以太網傳輸的解決方案，它采用浮動球作為單一MDCATS節(jié)點，整個網絡示意圖示于圖1，當考慮單個節(jié)點時，我們使用Lwip作為以太網協(xié)議棧。我們

55、通過完成Lwip TCP / IP協(xié)議棧在STM32FI07VC上的移植，并使用UDP傳送的形式來開啟不同的傳感器、為它們設置采樣間隔及實現(xiàn)實時監(jiān)測采集的數據。以這種方式，它可以大大提高遠程控制臺系統(tǒng)的實時性和可操作性。</p><p><b>　　二． 系統(tǒng)主要特點</b></p><p>　　考慮到在MUDCATS網絡中每一個節(jié)點的一致性，本文重點分析單個MUDC

56、ATS。 MDCATS的總體結構示于圖2。粗黑框中的一部分是設計和實現(xiàn)該系統(tǒng)的主要組件。本文重點介紹MDCATS，其中包括多種傳感器，數據采集板和用戶遠程檢測終端。它主要是從傳感器獲取存儲數據，并對他們進行實時檢測監(jiān)控。為了在水下延長傳感器工作時間，我們提供了外部電源引腳，以便可以進行長期的檢測。</p><p>　　MDCATS的工作原理可描述為：當感應器探測到水下的數據時，它們立即通過串口將數據傳送到數據采集

57、板。一旦接收到數據，數據采集板會立即通過以太網和執(zhí)行SD卡存儲操作進行處理。這個時候，它們以網線為介質通過UDP實時傳輸數據到用戶的遠程計算機終端。在數據接收后，傳感器繼續(xù)進行數據收集。同時，遠程計算機終端通過網絡發(fā)送控制命令;這些數據信號通過網絡傳送到數據采集板CPU之后，CPU控制器對命令進行解析，針對不同的分析結果發(fā)出相應的不同指令，使傳感器開啟，進行采樣，實現(xiàn)實時控制能力。 </p><p>　　以上所有

58、的傳感器，CTD傳感器1、2、3和4是用采用RS232接口的常用傳感器。但是耦合傳感器1、2和99是自包含的傳感器，當連接到電路時，他們需要添加調制解調器模塊。</p><p><b>　　三． 系統(tǒng)的設計</b></p><p><b>　　A：通信方式 </b></p><p>　　目前，傳感器串行數據和以太網數據之間

59、有三種傳輸手段。如：（1）使用專用網絡處理芯片; （2）使用高端嵌入式系統(tǒng)處理; （3）同時使用微控制器和網絡控制芯片。通過比較，很明顯，第一個方案需要更高的成本并且需要重新設計接口;第二個的成本也很高，如果僅將它們用作通信接口，就不能非常好地使用芯片的資源。與前兩種方法相比，包括成本與應用場合，第三個方案是易于實現(xiàn)的，并可以根據實際需要進行擴展。因此，我們采取的最后方案。</p><p>　　B. CPU和通訊

60、模塊 </p><p>　　本文選取STM32F107VC作為主控制器; 其CPU核心是基于ARM32位Cortex?-M3的高達72MHZ的高性能處理器。由于擁有10/ 100M以太網MAC專用的DMA和SRAM（4字節(jié)），它是專門為嵌入式網絡設備而設計的。同時，它有多個串行資源，5 USART通道，這使得它不僅支持調制解調器模塊和傳感器的物理連接，而且還提供了可以連接更多設備的冗余串行端口。 </p&g

61、t;<p>　　本文選擇DP83848C作為以太網物理層收發(fā)器芯片。它內建IEEE802.3兼容10/100以太網MAC，支持MIL，RMII，SNI這三種連接。其內部還集成數據收發(fā)器和過濾器。當在全雙工模式下，理論上其最高傳輸速率可以達到100Mbps/秒。</p><p>　　如圖3，我們采用RMII連接方式連接微控制器和以太網收發(fā)器芯片[3]。通過這種方法，在保持物理層設備現(xiàn)有特征的前提下減少

62、了PHY的連接開銷。同時，它減少了保持所有與IEEE802.3規(guī)格相關的功能時系統(tǒng)的設計成本。 </p><p>　　C.移植LWIP協(xié)議棧 </p><p>　　LWIP是由Adam Dunkles在瑞士計算機科學院開發(fā)的一個開源的TCP/ IP協(xié)議棧[4]。其現(xiàn)的重點是在保持TCP主要功能的基礎上，減少對RAM的占用。它只需十幾KB的RAM和40K左右的ROM就可以運行，這使LwIP協(xié)

63、議棧適合在低端的嵌入式系統(tǒng)中使用 。 </p><p>　　有兩種常見的方式實現(xiàn)嵌入式TCP/ IP協(xié)議棧。第一個是將協(xié)議簇的每個協(xié)議作為一個單獨的過程，并在此過程中指定通信點。另一種是將協(xié)議棧嵌入到操作系統(tǒng)的內核，并通過應用程序的調用與協(xié)議棧連接。總之，第一個的優(yōu)點是它的代碼很容易理解并且占用更少的系統(tǒng)資源，調試方便。而后者則占用較多內存和系統(tǒng)的ROM，且不能很好地支持在MDK中進行斷點的調試[5]。最后，我們

64、選擇第一個。</p><p>　　D.數據采集板軟件設計</p><p>　　該系統(tǒng)由兩部分組成：傳感器數據獲取、傳輸代碼和實時監(jiān)控程序。其中，數據采集程序在KEIL uVision4上進行編譯和測試，遠程監(jiān)控程序在Visual Studio 2008上進行編譯和測試。</p><p>　　板上的程序主要包括4個部分：（1）系統(tǒng)初始化。包括系統(tǒng)時鐘、RTC實時時鐘、

65、LWIP協(xié)議棧、通用I / O初始化。（2）串行端口配置和通信。（3）遠程終端命令的接收。結構體udp_pcb包括以太網數據、IP地址、子網掩碼、網關、本地端口號、目的端口號構成的最小傳輸單元。當創(chuàng)建udp_pcb時，調用API操作函數udp_recv使UDP數據單元的屬性生效。對于以太網數據的讀取或寫入，設置以太網超時是非常重要的，同時，LwIP_Periodic_Handle函數很好地支持了這種功能。構造UDP參數后，使用udp_r

66、ecv函數來啟用數據回調函數，通過回調函數體中的第二個參數建立偵聽線程。在沒有阻塞過程中，一旦接收到的遠程數據報，我們將調用udp_send來寫入數據。水下的遠程監(jiān)控是通過udp_echoserver_receive_callback函數來實現(xiàn)的。從遠程終端發(fā)送的命令被反饋到板上的CPU上; 根據命令的差異，CPU執(zhí)行開啟或關閉傳感器。（4）集成數據幀。 CPU微處理器根據不同類型傳感器的數據幀對數據進行排序和整合，最后，通過以太網將它

67、們發(fā)送到遠程監(jiān)控端。板上的流程圖示于圖4。</p><p>　　E.遠程監(jiān)控終端軟件的設計</p><p>　　遠程用戶控制終端的設計主要是為了實現(xiàn)實時監(jiān)控板上的采樣數據和傳感器的狀態(tài)?？刂贫丝谝赃^濾IP地址的形式搜索我們的設備，并在水下采集板上創(chuàng)建了虛擬鏈路。隨后，地面終端將以以太網為媒介，通過UDP通信發(fā)送啟動傳感器的信號[6]。發(fā)送所有這些命令之后，控制端口通過以太網每隔一秒間歇地發(fā)

68、送獲取數據命令，以完成數據的更新。如果采集板已經獲取傳感器采集的數據，在這一刻，數據采集板再次通過以太網發(fā)送數據幀到遠程控制臺。在終端接收全部數據幀后，主機通過分析先前的通信協(xié)議并分離數據幀，進行數據包的處理。最后，將它們顯示在用戶圖形界面上。遠程監(jiān)視終端的流程圖示于圖5。</p><p><b>　　F.系統(tǒng)測量 </b></p><p>　　在實驗室的環(huán)境下，我們

69、連接上5個串行端口調制解調器的、CTD傳感器1、2、3、4，MAC接口與PC機的MAC接口通過網線連接。與此同時，我們設置UDP監(jiān)聽端口號為5000，子網掩碼為255.255.255.0，網關為192.168.1.1，最終，設置本地IP是192.168.1.101和采集板IP為192.168.1.220。當系統(tǒng)啟動時，打開遠程終端的軟件，通過搜索指定IP地址的設備查找數據采集板。現(xiàn)在，主板和PC控制臺在成功握手后建立通信。按照設置的采樣

70、時間間隔，采樣板將數據存儲在SD卡中。 </p><p>　　在上面的基礎上，我們選擇不同長度的數據作為傳感器的數據長度，同時，我們也需要拿3種傳輸方法的測量結果進行比較。作為一個通知，所有的測量是在運行10分鐘的基礎上進行的。如圖6所示，不可否認，不同數量的數據通過以太網傳輸比其他方式更快。</p><p><b>　　四． 結論</b></p>&l

71、t;p>　　在本文中，我們提出了一種基于Lwip協(xié)議棧的海洋數據快速采集和傳輸系統(tǒng)。在數據傳輸穩(wěn)定的前提下，為了極大地提高實時性，我們從硬件選擇到軟件設計都盡可能地提高傳輸速率。通過以太網傳輸，我們不僅提高了系統(tǒng)的實時性，同時也提供了更便捷的方式進行數據交換。同時，此系統(tǒng)很容易進行擴展或通過網絡連接互通設備。該系統(tǒng)滿足實時數據傳輸的需要，達到了在同一傳輸條件下優(yōu)于RS232、RS485、CAN總線的目標。 </p>

72、<p><b>　　致謝 </b></p><p>　　本文由浙江省出資，為技術創(chuàng)新團隊項目（2010R50010），這是專注于智能識別和應用技術及浙江最重要的科目開放基金的研究 - 電路與系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　REFERENCES</p><p>　　1. Yan Xia Zhuang, Yun Qiang Sun, Ai Q

73、in Yao. Real-Time Data Transmission System Based on CAN-BUS [J]. Data collection and Processing, 2006,(21):222-225.</p><p>　　2. Jing Qian Chen, Zhi Wei He, Wen Ze Liu. Design of Protocol Conversion Unit betw

74、een RS232 and CAN BUS[J].Electronics Engineer,2004,30(4):63-66.</p><p>　　3. Xing Song, Yong Guo, Xing Hong Xie. Application of Ethernet PHY Chip DP83848C Based on RMII Mode[J].Microconctrollers & Embedde

75、d Systems. 2010,(8).</p><p>　　4. Adam Dunkels. Lwip source code [DB/OL] . http://www.sics.se/~adam/lwip/.</p><p>　　5. Yong Hong Wang, Wei Xu, Li Ping Hao. The principals and p ractice of STM32 b

76、ased on Cortex-M3 microcontroller[M].2008:366-368.</p><p>　　6. Geroge Thomas.A TCP/UDP transmission method used for controlling[J]. Integration of mechanics and electrics in home and abroad.2001,6(4):9-11.&l