移動(dòng)通信相關(guān)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　附錄 A</b></p><p>　　Development of a mobile manufacturing system</p><p>　　with PDA and PLC</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　With th

2、e mobility and computability of personal digital assistants (PDAs), they should play an important role in the “post-PC era”. Currently, PDA applications are still limited to service business. In this project, an attempt

3、was made to extend the content of mobile applications to industrial use. This paper is a feasibility study on the factory-to-business (F2B) practice with a programmable logic controller (PLC), a PDA and a PC-based platfo

4、rm for a driller. A PDA is a hand-held human machine </p><p>　　Keywords：E-factory; E-manufacturing; Factory automation. </p><p>　　1 introduction</p><p>　　In the late 20th century,

5、e-commerce and business via the Internet has produced a new wave of commerce, which is commonly called mobile- commerce (m-commerce). M-commerce has been defined as any transaction with a monetary value, either direct or

6、 indirect, that is conducted over a wireless telecommunication network [1]. With the maturation of mobile technology, such as cellular phones and PDAs, M-commerce promises to inject considerable change into the way in wh

7、ich commercial activities are cond</p><p>　　2 Mobile technology</p><p>　　Typically there are several technologies available for m-commerce applications, such as Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, GPS (Glo

8、bal Positioning System) and AGPS (Assisted Global Positioning System). A brief summary is given as follows: [5–9]</p><p>　　? Bluetooth is a low-power radio technology, with a throughput of about 1Mbit/s, des

9、igned to replace cables and infrared links for distances up to 10 m. This allows local interaction between devices and the separation of wired components. Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones became available in 2001. </p&

10、gt;<p>　　? IEEE 802.11 is a low power technology standard similar to Bluetooth. It is suitable for applications aimed at replacing cables and infrared links to enable device interactivity, particularly local area

11、networks. </p><p>　　? GPS is based on satellite technology and was originally developed by the US military, but has been available for general use from the early 1990s. However, the US Army has only recently

12、 derestricted outdoor positioning to a sufficiently high resolution for advanced use, currently 10–20 m. But GPS cannot be used in area of poor signal reception such as inside buildings.</p><p>　　? AGPS comb

13、ines GPS with a mobile telecommunications network and is therefore able to get positioning within 50 m indoors and in other areas with poor satellite signal reception. In this project, an AP of IEEE 802.11b was chosen be

14、cause the IEEE 802.11 is suitable for longer distance transmission in faster transmission speed than Bluetooth. Besides, the IEEE 802.11 is more inexpensive hardware cost than GPS system, without any data transmission fe

15、e.</p><p>　　3 Mobile facilities</p><p>　　Generally, the major devices used for mobile applications are cellular phones and PDAs. However, given its monitor, memory, and operation system (OS) li

16、mitation, cellular phones are inadequate for other complex applications. PDAs are general purpose hand-held pen computers containing three general functions: (a) electronic reference devices, (b) communicators, and (c) c

17、omputers. Compared with traditional portable PCs, PDAs provide a number of benefits to the telecommuter: (a) PDAs are smaller th</p><p>　　4 System development</p><p>　　PLCs have been used widel

18、y in highly automated factories as they have the advantages of rigid reliability and cost-effective expandability. These are used to manage various tasks of I/O, monitoring and process control. Generally PLC-controlled m

19、anufacturing systems always include a PC-based HMI. In this project, we chose a PLC-controlled drill machine as a test manufacturing system. The operation sequence of the driller was designed by using the Petri nets theo

20、ry (PN) and offline operation was s</p><p>　　4.1 System design with PN theory</p><p>　　Generally, a PN model is a mathematical formalization interpreted by a directed bipartite graph suitable fo

21、r discrete event control systems (DECS). With a graph the connectivity of events can be represented using obvious interpretations. PN allows users to model discrete dynamic systems mathematically. PN is able to model “di

22、stributed state diagrams”, the control flow of concurrent programs or queuing networks with synchronizations. PN has been developed and demonstrated as an effective tool for</p><p>　　The operation sequence o

23、f the drill machine is designed and simulated by the augmented PN model (see Fig. 1) and is controlled by a networked PLC. We also implemented a PC based HMI based on the designed simulation model of PN. The hybrid syste

24、m shows a lot of advantages by using this economical and discrete control unit with PLC, and PC-based HMI with PN as tools. When the system is malfunctioning, the presented system can easily help diagnose the manufacturi

25、ng system through the monitor online</p><p>　　Fig. 1 The augmented PN model of the drill machine</p><p>　　4.2 Mobile manufacturing system </p><p>　　The layout of the e-factory drill

26、 system is shown in Fig. 2. It consists of a PDA with a wireless Ethernet card, PC-based server with AP of IEEE802.11b protocol, and PLC-controlled drill machine that is connected to the PC-based server via RS-232. The c

27、lient is the PDA, while the PC is the host. The test manufacturing system drill machine is controlled by a Mitsubishi 14-MR-ES PLC. The statuses of PLC-controlled drill machine are delivered to the PC-based server via th

28、e serial port communication</p><p>　　The operational sequence is preliminarily designed and simulated by a PN model (see Fig. 1). Since PN is very similar to the sequential function chart (SFC) language of t

29、he IEC 61131- 3 standard, the PN steps are then easily to interpret into the SFC control program for PLC with SFC language supported. The PC based server, which runs HMI in VB, provides an interface for operator and the

30、manufacturing system. For this application to an e-factory, several HMI screens are developed in the Embedded </p><p>　　? Pentium III 700 processor notebook PC with Windows 2000 OS and Ethernet card</p>

31、;<p>　　? Mitsubishi PLC, series AXos-14-MR-ES</p><p>　　? AP station (compatible with IEEE 802.11b)</p><p>　　? PDA (Mitac Mio 64 MB RAM, OS/ Pocket PC 2002)</p><p>　　? Compact

32、 flash interface wireless Ethernet card</p><p>　　? Visual Basic 6.0</p><p>　　? Microsoft ActiveSync</p><p>　　? Embedded VB 3.</p><p>　　Fig. 2 System configuration of th

33、e e-factory for drill system</p><p>　　4.3 Software implementation</p><p>　　First, the communication protocols (see Fig. 2) of the RS-232 and Winsock control object for the PLC and the server, an

34、d the IEEE802.11b and PDA, have to be configured and initiated in order to transmit the information flow of the manufacturing system to the PDA. </p><p>　　The WinCE permits the Winsock Application Programmin

35、g Interface (API) protocol to call for the Net service. But, the implementation of the Winsock API is not easy. It is unlikely that the EVB and VB support the Winsock control object, which makes it easy to transmit data

36、via the network. The attributes of Winsock object protocol are TCP/IP. The PC server must start up a Winsock connect object in order to establish a socket for the request of remote online. As soon as the PDA is connected

37、 with th</p><p>　　Next, a VB-based communication setup and data manipulation program is developed and runs in the server. The complete communication setup includes writing a control string to the PLC and get

38、ting a response string from the PLC. The flow diagram of control and monitoring process is shown in Fig. 3. For instance, in order to energize the auxiliary relay “M0” of PLC from the PDA, a string “000” has to send to s

39、erver using Send Data and Get Data on the server to receive the string. The typical codes a</p><p>　　From the received string, the server will set the “M0” to “1” then write it onto the PLC. Likewise, the ou

40、tput response from the PLC will appear in binary form to display the output status of “Y” on the server screen. In the reverse route, using Send Data to transmit a string to the PDA from the server and Get Data at the PD

41、A. It establishes a complete channel for transmitting information flow of the system for control and monitoring. When sending data flow through the Winsock object, it is impo</p><p>　　Fig. 3 Control and mon

42、itoring process for PLC</p><p>　　The communication setup between the PLC and PC is dependant on the protocol offered by the PLC manufacturer. Generally, a RS-232 communication protocol is commonly used at th

43、e industrial floor. The format of communicating string consists of start bit, data length, check bit and stop bit. The typical step ladder program (STL) of SFC for the PLC is shown in Fig. 4.</p><p>　　Fig. 4

44、 Typical step ladder (STL) program of PLC</p><p>　　5 Results and discussion</p><p>　　Our experiment demonstrated the effective use of a PDA to execute e-factory operations. The status of the P

45、LC-controlled manufacturing system is shown correctly on the PDA. It proves that the mobile technologies are feasible to accomplish the tasks of remote, wireless control and monitor of factory plant on PDA. That is, an e

46、ngineer or staff member can monitor the manufacturing process, check the status of machines, and receive real-time system status anywhere and anytime in the factory using a </p><p>　　Since the display area o

47、f the liquid crystal display of PDA is very small, the display contents are strictly limited. The other limitation is the screen editing of the PDA. It adopts the EVB software on a PC to develop the HMI screens for the P

48、DA. The developed screens are then downloaded into the PDA. If the display needs to be modified, the above procedure has to restart again. That is, the screen change can not be done directly from the PDA. Security is alw

49、ays a major concern in network appli</p><p>　　6 Conclusions</p><p>　　By means of wireless network and EVB tools, we successfully accomplished the feasible experiment of mobile industrial contro

50、l and monitoring for manufacturing system. The results show successful management of the PLC-based factory plant using a PDA. That is, a palm size computer now enables the remote control and monitoring of an e-factory en

51、vironment.</p><p>　　The trend of business is towards using digital and mobile technologies to increase competitiveness. Since the WinCE supports the application of database software named structure query lan

52、guage compact edition (SQLCE), our future work will take orders management, online scheduling, and storehouse keeping into account to form an IT platform for industrial use by integrating the edging technologies.</p&g

53、t;<p>　　Acknowledgement The authors thank the National Science Council in Taiwan for supporting this project through grant NSC-91-2815-C-327-007-E. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Y.S

54、. Cheng and T.T. Wu for their work on the original version of this document.</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　1. Barnes SJ ,The mobile commerce value chain: analysis and future developments. Int J I

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61、Technol (2005) 25: 723–729 DOI 10.1007/s00170-003-1914-5</p><p><b>　　附錄 B</b></p><p>　　基于個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理和可編程控制器的移動(dòng)通信終端制造業(yè)的發(fā)展</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　

62、　由于個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理具有可移動(dòng)性和可計(jì)算性，所以它們?cè)凇昂髠€(gè)人電腦時(shí)代”起了非常重要的作用。但是目前個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理的應(yīng)用仍然局限于服務(wù)業(yè)。本項(xiàng)目將把移動(dòng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用擴(kuò)展到工業(yè)方面，而本文主要是對(duì)應(yīng)用可編程控制器、個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理和以個(gè)人電腦為平臺(tái)的“工廠—商務(wù)”業(yè)務(wù)模式的進(jìn)行可行性研究。個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理是具備手持式人機(jī)界面，依靠緊湊型閃存以太網(wǎng)卡和內(nèi)嵌式的VB3.0程序運(yùn)作，而主控電腦與可編程控制器和與IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共存的接入站（acce

63、ss point）相連接。IEEE802.11b的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理和基于個(gè)人電腦的操作平臺(tái)能夠及時(shí)地控制和監(jiān)控在“工廠-商務(wù)”業(yè)務(wù)模式中由可編程控制器控制的制造系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：電子工廠 電子制造業(yè) 工廠自動(dòng)化 </p><p><b>　　緒 論</b></p><p><b>　　1 導(dǎo) 論</b

64、></p><p>　　在20世紀(jì)后期，通過(guò)因特網(wǎng)進(jìn)行的電子商務(wù)引發(fā)了一股被稱為移動(dòng)商務(wù)的新的商務(wù)潮流。通過(guò)無(wú)線遠(yuǎn)程通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的，無(wú)論是直接還是間接設(shè)計(jì)到貨幣價(jià)值的交易都可以稱為移動(dòng)商務(wù)[1]。隨著像手機(jī)、個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理等移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)的成熟，移動(dòng)商務(wù)肯定會(huì)給商務(wù)活動(dòng)方式帶來(lái)相當(dāng)大的變化。隨著無(wú)線設(shè)備應(yīng)用的不斷滲透和因特網(wǎng)的廣泛應(yīng)用，人們正在尋求隨時(shí)隨地獲取數(shù)據(jù)的途徑。福特斯調(diào)查公司[2，3]預(yù)計(jì)，到2004

65、年移動(dòng)商務(wù)的收入會(huì)到達(dá)6.9兆美元。手機(jī)和個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理的出現(xiàn)和流行又一次改變著主導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)。</p><p>　　目前，大多數(shù)的個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理的應(yīng)用在服務(wù)業(yè)比較成功，比如在銀行業(yè)，預(yù)訂行業(yè)，售票業(yè)，購(gòu)物，實(shí)時(shí)新聞以及從服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)下載或上傳數(shù)據(jù)。個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理不僅提高了商業(yè)效率而且提高了客服質(zhì)量?？偲饋?lái)說(shuō)，運(yùn)用移動(dòng)設(shè)備的商務(wù)交易，其優(yōu)勢(shì)主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)層次。移動(dòng)設(shè)備提高了員工，客戶和供應(yīng)商三者之間的交流效率。同時(shí)移動(dòng)設(shè)備

66、也使得更多的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)可以靈活的應(yīng)用。這些都激勵(lì)著我們對(duì)移動(dòng)設(shè)備的應(yīng)用在工業(yè)方面的探索。所以移動(dòng)設(shè)備的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)改變了制造業(yè)內(nèi)部變化的本質(zhì)?，F(xiàn)在，“工廠-商務(wù)”業(yè)務(wù)模式已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)討論激烈的問(wèn)題[4]。“工廠-商務(wù)”業(yè)務(wù)模式的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)主要圍繞下面幾個(gè)問(wèn)題展開：我們工廠能用個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理做什么？移動(dòng)設(shè)備和現(xiàn)存的設(shè)備之間有何聯(lián)系？它的成本是多少？</p><p>　　為了給“工廠-商務(wù)”業(yè)務(wù)模式營(yíng)造一個(gè)移動(dòng)通信制造業(yè)的環(huán)境

67、，我們?cè)诖隧?xiàng)目中主要是應(yīng)用了個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理和基于個(gè)人電腦的操作平臺(tái)來(lái)操控由可編程控制器控制的鉆孔機(jī)。通過(guò)在個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理中插入緊湊型閃存以太網(wǎng)卡和內(nèi)嵌式的VB3.0程序界面，個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理起到掌上“手持式人機(jī)界面”的作用。筆記本電腦連接到可編程控制器和與IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相一致的接入站，起到主控電腦的作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理和基于個(gè)人電腦的操作平臺(tái)能夠及時(shí)地控制和監(jiān)控在有可編程控制器控制的鉆孔機(jī)。下文主要介紹一下幾個(gè)方面：第二部

68、分主要回顧移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)。第三部分主要介紹移動(dòng)通信應(yīng)用中相關(guān)聯(lián)的軟硬件。第四部分展示系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造和軟件發(fā)展。第五部分展示相關(guān)的結(jié)果和討論。第六部分將以此研究的結(jié)論和未來(lái)展望結(jié)尾。</p><p><b>　　2 移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　理論上來(lái)說(shuō)，有很多技術(shù)可應(yīng)用到移動(dòng)商務(wù)，比如藍(lán)牙，IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，全球定位系統(tǒng)和輔助全球定位系統(tǒng)。下面將給出一

69、個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要的總結(jié)[5-9]： </p><p>　　藍(lán)牙是低功率的無(wú)線電技術(shù)，每秒鐘的傳輸量為1M比特，它用于代替距離10米以上的電纜和紅外線連接，從而保證了設(shè)備和有限部分組件間的本地配合。在2001年，內(nèi)置藍(lán)牙的手機(jī)開始上市。</p><p>　　IEEE802.11標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一個(gè)跟藍(lán)牙相似的低功率技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。它適用于以代替電纜和紅外線連接為目標(biāo)的設(shè)備以保證設(shè)備間，尤其是本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)備間的相互配合

70、。</p><p>　　全球定位系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)星技術(shù)并且首先在美國(guó)的軍事方面得到發(fā)展，但是從20世紀(jì)90年代早期就得到全面的應(yīng)用。但是美國(guó)陸軍最近取消了對(duì)戶外定為系統(tǒng)的限制，并允許使用足夠高的分辨率，目前是10米到20米。但是，全球定位系統(tǒng)不能應(yīng)用于向大樓內(nèi)部這種信號(hào)接收狀況不好的區(qū)域。</p><p>　　輔助全球定位系統(tǒng)將全球定位系統(tǒng)和合移動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)程通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，所以能夠在戶內(nèi)和其他衛(wèi)星信號(hào)接

71、收差的區(qū)域50米內(nèi)進(jìn)行定位。</p><p>　　在本項(xiàng)目中，我們選擇了IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的接入站，因?yàn)樗m用于比藍(lán)牙傳輸速度快的長(zhǎng)距離的信號(hào)傳送。另外，由于IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒(méi)有任何的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸費(fèi)用，所以比全球定位系統(tǒng)中的硬件花費(fèi)要便宜。</p><p><b>　　3 移動(dòng)通信設(shè)備</b></p><p>　　大體上來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)

72、用于移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)的設(shè)備主要是手機(jī)和個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理。但是，由于手機(jī)受到屏幕，儲(chǔ)存量和操作系統(tǒng)的限制，因此不能應(yīng)用于復(fù)雜的操作系統(tǒng)。個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理是泛用型的筆式計(jì)算機(jī)，它包含三方面的主要功能：（a）電子參考設(shè)備（b）通信器（c）計(jì)算機(jī)。跟傳統(tǒng)的掌上電腦相比，個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理給遠(yuǎn)距辦公人員提供了更多的便利：（a）個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理比傳統(tǒng)的掌上電腦小，因此更加便于隨身攜帶（b）個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理比掌上電腦和便攜式電腦都便宜（c）個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理比掌上電腦更容易應(yīng)用（d

73、）個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理的軟件設(shè)置給傳真、電子郵件和傳呼服務(wù)提供了方便[10]。</p><p>　　理論上，在個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理市場(chǎng)上有兩個(gè)普遍使用的操作系統(tǒng)Microsoft Windows Compact Edition（WinCE）和Palm OS。WinCE通常應(yīng)用于掌上電腦社區(qū)，因?yàn)樘С諩VB語(yǔ)言，而EVB語(yǔ)言只用于個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理和掌上電腦。WinCE有很大的擴(kuò)展性，并且可更廣泛地應(yīng)用于有模塊化設(shè)計(jì)理念的硬件。另外一

74、個(gè)普遍應(yīng)用于個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理的操作系統(tǒng)就是Palm OS。對(duì)于那些運(yùn)行起來(lái)又小又快的個(gè)人程序，Palm OS是一個(gè)完美的操作系統(tǒng)，但是太的擴(kuò)展性是非常有限的。EVB在專業(yè)上被稱為Microsoft Windows CE Toolkit for Visual Basic (VB)6.0.。它對(duì)于VB6.0.IDE來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)必不可少的外接程序，它使得以WinCE為平臺(tái)的VB應(yīng)用得以產(chǎn)生。EVB不同于在WinCE里的VB6.0，而是從Micros

75、oft VB Script的引擎產(chǎn)生而來(lái)。WinCE是一個(gè)注冊(cè)在掌上電腦上的小程序，儲(chǔ)存量很小。它是一個(gè)旨在支持不同硬件的泛用型的操作系統(tǒng)。</p><p><b>　　4 系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展</b></p><p>　　可編程控制器廣泛應(yīng)用于高自動(dòng)化的工廠，因?yàn)樗袃煞矫娴膬?yōu)勢(shì)：很高的可靠性和成本效益的可擴(kuò)展性。這些通常用來(lái)管理輸入輸出、監(jiān)控以及進(jìn)程管理等各方面的任務(wù)。通常

76、說(shuō)來(lái)，由可編程控制器控制的制造系統(tǒng)包括一個(gè)基于個(gè)人電腦的人機(jī)界面。</p><p>　　在此項(xiàng)目中，我們選擇了一個(gè)由可編程控制器控制的鉆孔機(jī)作為一個(gè)生產(chǎn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)鉆孔機(jī)的操作順序由佩特里網(wǎng)理論設(shè)計(jì)，離線操作由所設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)的佩特里網(wǎng)模型和一個(gè)基于VB的模型程序來(lái)完成。</p><p>　　4.1 以佩特里網(wǎng)理論為指導(dǎo)的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　通常說(shuō)來(lái)，佩特里網(wǎng)

77、模型是一個(gè)由適用于離散事件控制系統(tǒng)的有向二分圖來(lái)翻譯的。圖表可以把各個(gè)事件之間的相關(guān)性非常明顯的解釋出來(lái)。佩特里網(wǎng)使用戶能夠?yàn)殡x散的動(dòng)態(tài)的系統(tǒng)制造數(shù)學(xué)模型。佩特里網(wǎng)能夠?yàn)榉植际綘顟B(tài)圖制造模型，所謂的分布式狀態(tài)圖也就是并行程序的控制流或者說(shuō)是一個(gè)同步的排隊(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。佩特里網(wǎng)已經(jīng)得到發(fā)展并被證明是離散型事件控制系統(tǒng)的有效工具。</p><p>　　鉆孔機(jī)的操作順序是通過(guò)擴(kuò)展的佩特里網(wǎng)模型設(shè)計(jì)和模擬的（見圖1），并且由網(wǎng)絡(luò)

78、化的可編程控制器來(lái)控制。我們也應(yīng)用了基于佩特里網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)模仿模型的人機(jī)界面。通過(guò)運(yùn)用離散的可編程控制器及基于個(gè)人電腦的人機(jī)界面作為工具，這個(gè)混合系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)出很多的優(yōu)越性。當(dāng)系統(tǒng)出故障的時(shí)候，上述系統(tǒng)就會(huì)通過(guò)網(wǎng)上監(jiān)控很容易地對(duì)制造系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行診斷，也就是說(shuō)佩特里網(wǎng)和基于個(gè)人電腦的操作平臺(tái)為離散系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，績(jī)效評(píng)估，模仿，迅速的在線系統(tǒng)診斷提供了充足的途徑。</p><p>　　圖1 鉆孔機(jī)的擴(kuò)展的佩特里網(wǎng)模型</p>

79、;<p>　　4.2 移動(dòng)通信制造系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　電子工廠的鉆孔系統(tǒng)的布局如圖2所示。它由運(yùn)用無(wú)線以太網(wǎng)卡的個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理和IEEE802.11b協(xié)議中規(guī)定的接入站的服務(wù)器，已經(jīng)有可編程控制器控制的鉆孔機(jī)構(gòu)成。鉆孔機(jī)通過(guò)RS-322連到服務(wù)器上。個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理是客戶端，個(gè)人電腦是主機(jī)。鉆孔機(jī)的生產(chǎn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)由Mitsubishi 14-MR-ES PLC控制。由可編程控制器控制的鉆孔機(jī)的身份通

80、過(guò)串列埠通訊傳到服務(wù)器。鉆孔機(jī)的輸入輸出任務(wù)如下：</p><p>　　操作順序已經(jīng)被佩特里網(wǎng)模型（見圖1）預(yù)先設(shè)計(jì)好了。因?yàn)榕逄乩锞W(wǎng)跟IEC611313標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的順序功能流程圖非常相似，佩特里網(wǎng)的各個(gè)步驟很容易就被翻譯成受此語(yǔ)言支持的可編程控制器流程圖的控制程序。在VB里運(yùn)行人機(jī)界面的服務(wù)器，為操作員和制造系統(tǒng)提供了一個(gè)很好的界面。為了能更好的應(yīng)用于電子工廠，很多運(yùn)用內(nèi)嵌式VB語(yǔ)言人機(jī)界面的屏幕得到發(fā)展，并被安裝在

81、個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理來(lái)遠(yuǎn)程控制生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。此移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)所必需的軟硬件如下：</p><p>　　裝有Windows2000操作系統(tǒng)和以太網(wǎng)卡的奔騰Ⅲ700處理器的筆記本電腦</p><p>　　AXos-14-MR-ES系列的三菱可編程控制器</p><p>　　能與IEEE802.11b共存的接入站</p><p>　　個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理（神達(dá)64 MB

82、內(nèi)存，操作系統(tǒng)/掌上電腦2002）</p><p>　　緊湊型閃存接口無(wú)線網(wǎng)卡</p><p><b>　　VB 6.0</b></p><p><b>　　微軟動(dòng)態(tài)同步程式</b></p><p><b>　　內(nèi)嵌式VB3.0</b></p><p>

83、　　圖2 鉆孔系統(tǒng)電子工廠的系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造</p><p><b>　　4.3 軟體導(dǎo)入</b></p><p>　　首先，關(guān)于RS-232和可編程控制器及服務(wù)器里的Win stock控制對(duì)象的通信協(xié)議，個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理，IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，都必須配置好，以便把生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中的信息流傳輸?shù)絺€(gè)人數(shù)碼助理中。</p><p>　　WinCE保證了Win

84、 stock應(yīng)用編程界面協(xié)議來(lái)尋求網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)。但是Win stock應(yīng)用編程界面的實(shí)施并不容易。Win stock控制對(duì)象能數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)順利的傳輸，但是EVB和VB不可能支持Win stock控制對(duì)象。Win stock控制對(duì)象的屬性就是TCP/IP協(xié)議。服務(wù)器必須開啟一個(gè)鏈接對(duì)象來(lái)建立一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程在線請(qǐng)求的插孔。一旦個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理與服務(wù)器連接，遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)和個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理遠(yuǎn)程端口的屬性就必須和個(gè)人電腦的IP地址和端口相一致。VB和EVB的Win s

85、tock控制對(duì)象的裝配式圖標(biāo)驅(qū)動(dòng)的。VB和EVB的Win stock控制對(duì)象的裝配式圖標(biāo)如下：</p><p>　　其次，基于VB語(yǔ)言的通信設(shè)置和數(shù)據(jù)控制程序也在服務(wù)器里運(yùn)行。完整的通信設(shè)置應(yīng)包括通向可編程控制器的控制字符串和來(lái)自可編程控制器的字符串響應(yīng)?？刂坪捅O(jiān)控過(guò)程的流程圖如圖3所示。例如，為了從個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理中給可編程控制器的輔助繼電器M0充電，就必須用Send Data把字符串“000”送到服務(wù)器并用服務(wù)器

86、上的Get Data來(lái)接受字符串。典型代碼如下：</p><p>　　從接受的到的字符串中，服務(wù)器會(huì)把M0設(shè)置成1，然后把它寫進(jìn)可編程控制器中。同樣的，從可編程控制器中輸出的字符串響應(yīng)也會(huì)在服務(wù)器的屏幕上以二進(jìn)制的形式顯示出Y的輸出狀態(tài)。在回路當(dāng)中，用Send Data把字符串從服務(wù)器傳輸?shù)絺€(gè)人數(shù)碼助理同時(shí)運(yùn)用個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理中的Get Data接受字符串。這樣就為控制和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中的信息流的傳輸建立起一個(gè)完整的通道。

87、當(dāng)通過(guò)Win stock控制對(duì)象傳送數(shù)據(jù)流的時(shí)候，一定要確保數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)在緩沖器里了。否則，系統(tǒng)就不會(huì)正常的工作。VB和EVB傳輸數(shù)據(jù)流的典型代碼如下：</p><p>　　圖3 可編程控制器的控制和監(jiān)控過(guò)程</p><p>　　可編程控制器和個(gè)人電腦之間的通信設(shè)置由可編程控制器的生產(chǎn)商所提供的協(xié)議決定。通常，RS-232通信協(xié)議通常用于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。交流字符串的格式由起始位、數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度、檢驗(yàn)位和停

88、止位組成。應(yīng)用于可編程控制器的順序功能圖的步梯方案如圖4所示。</p><p>　　圖4 可編程控制器的典型的步梯方案</p><p><b>　　5 結(jié)果和討論</b></p><p>　　我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)展示了個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理在電子工廠操作中的典型應(yīng)用。有可編程控制器控制的制造系統(tǒng)在個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理中很好的表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。這表明，用移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)來(lái)完成對(duì)工廠的遠(yuǎn)

89、程無(wú)線控制和監(jiān)控是可行的。也就是說(shuō)，工程師和員工能夠運(yùn)用帶有接入站的個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理來(lái)對(duì)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程、機(jī)器狀態(tài)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，并且能隨時(shí)隨地接受系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)狀態(tài)。</p><p>　　因?yàn)閭€(gè)人數(shù)碼助理的液晶屏幕非常小，所以的展示出來(lái)的內(nèi)容是非常有限的。其他的限制還包括個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理的屏幕編輯方面。它采用個(gè)人電腦上的EVB軟件來(lái)為個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理制造出一個(gè)更先進(jìn)的人機(jī)界面的屏幕。然后這個(gè)高級(jí)的屏幕就下載到個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理里。如果展示需要改良

90、的話，那就重新啟動(dòng)上述步驟。也就是說(shuō)，屏幕不能直接從個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理中進(jìn)行改變。</p><p>　　安全性通常是網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用中關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)，在本次研究中所采用的無(wú)線硬件，像接入站和緊密型閃存卡，都是有安全保護(hù)功能的支持的。電子工廠系統(tǒng)能夠通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)域名（比如IP和連接端口）、服務(wù)設(shè)置標(biāo)識(shí)符和有線等效協(xié)議來(lái)加強(qiáng)防范。服務(wù)設(shè)置標(biāo)識(shí)符是一個(gè)能夠使得戰(zhàn)點(diǎn)和接入點(diǎn)能夠進(jìn)行交流的獨(dú)一無(wú)二的識(shí)別器。有線等效協(xié)議用來(lái)加密和解密在無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)

91、設(shè)備之間進(jìn)行傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)信號(hào)。也就說(shuō)，此系統(tǒng)的安全性能夠得到保障。</p><p><b>　　6 總 結(jié)</b></p><p>　　通過(guò)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)和EVB工具，我們成功完成了關(guān)于移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)應(yīng)用在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)控制和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中的可行性研究。結(jié)果顯現(xiàn)出了應(yīng)用個(gè)人數(shù)碼助理的電子工廠的成功經(jīng)營(yíng)。這表明，一個(gè)手掌大的計(jì)算機(jī)現(xiàn)在能夠?qū)σ粋€(gè)大的電子工廠環(huán)境進(jìn)行控制和監(jiān)控。</p&

92、gt;<p>　　現(xiàn)在的商業(yè)趨勢(shì)是通過(guò)運(yùn)用數(shù)碼和移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)來(lái)增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。因?yàn)閃in stock支持“結(jié)構(gòu)查詢語(yǔ)言精簡(jiǎn)版”這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)軟件的應(yīng)用，我們未來(lái)的工作將會(huì)將會(huì)把訂單管理，在線調(diào)度，庫(kù)保存加入考慮之列，并通過(guò)磨邊技術(shù)來(lái)為工業(yè)應(yīng)用提供一個(gè)信息技術(shù)平臺(tái)。</p><p>　　鳴謝：作者感謝臺(tái)灣的國(guó)家科學(xué)委員會(huì)通過(guò)認(rèn)證NSC-91-2815-C-327-007-E來(lái)支持這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，特別感謝Y.S

93、. Cheng和T.T. Wu在本文件的原稿中所做出的杰出貢獻(xiàn)</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1] Barnes SJ .移動(dòng)商務(wù)價(jià)值鏈的分析和未來(lái)的發(fā)展. Int J Inf 雜志, 2002:91–108</p><p>　　[2] Rupp WT.移動(dòng)商務(wù):新的稅收機(jī)器或黑洞.商業(yè)視野,2002:pp

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