移動通信相關(guān)畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　附錄 A</b></p><p>　　Development of a mobile manufacturing system</p><p>　　with PDA and PLC</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　With th

2、e mobility and computability of personal digital assistants (PDAs), they should play an important role in the “post-PC era”. Currently, PDA applications are still limited to service business. In this project, an attempt

3、was made to extend the content of mobile applications to industrial use. This paper is a feasibility study on the factory-to-business (F2B) practice with a programmable logic controller (PLC), a PDA and a PC-based platfo

4、rm for a driller. A PDA is a hand-held human machine </p><p>　　Keywords：E-factory; E-manufacturing; Factory automation. </p><p>　　1 introduction</p><p>　　In the late 20th century,

5、e-commerce and business via the Internet has produced a new wave of commerce, which is commonly called mobile- commerce (m-commerce). M-commerce has been defined as any transaction with a monetary value, either direct or

6、 indirect, that is conducted over a wireless telecommunication network [1]. With the maturation of mobile technology, such as cellular phones and PDAs, M-commerce promises to inject considerable change into the way in wh

7、ich commercial activities are cond</p><p>　　2 Mobile technology</p><p>　　Typically there are several technologies available for m-commerce applications, such as Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, GPS (Glo

8、bal Positioning System) and AGPS (Assisted Global Positioning System). A brief summary is given as follows: [5–9]</p><p>　　? Bluetooth is a low-power radio technology, with a throughput of about 1Mbit/s, des

9、igned to replace cables and infrared links for distances up to 10 m. This allows local interaction between devices and the separation of wired components. Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones became available in 2001. </p&

10、gt;<p>　　? IEEE 802.11 is a low power technology standard similar to Bluetooth. It is suitable for applications aimed at replacing cables and infrared links to enable device interactivity, particularly local area

11、networks. </p><p>　　? GPS is based on satellite technology and was originally developed by the US military, but has been available for general use from the early 1990s. However, the US Army has only recently

12、 derestricted outdoor positioning to a sufficiently high resolution for advanced use, currently 10–20 m. But GPS cannot be used in area of poor signal reception such as inside buildings.</p><p>　　? AGPS comb

13、ines GPS with a mobile telecommunications network and is therefore able to get positioning within 50 m indoors and in other areas with poor satellite signal reception. In this project, an AP of IEEE 802.11b was chosen be

14、cause the IEEE 802.11 is suitable for longer distance transmission in faster transmission speed than Bluetooth. Besides, the IEEE 802.11 is more inexpensive hardware cost than GPS system, without any data transmission fe

15、e.</p><p>　　3 Mobile facilities</p><p>　　Generally, the major devices used for mobile applications are cellular phones and PDAs. However, given its monitor, memory, and operation system (OS) li

16、mitation, cellular phones are inadequate for other complex applications. PDAs are general purpose hand-held pen computers containing three general functions: (a) electronic reference devices, (b) communicators, and (c) c

17、omputers. Compared with traditional portable PCs, PDAs provide a number of benefits to the telecommuter: (a) PDAs are smaller th</p><p>　　4 System development</p><p>　　PLCs have been used widel

18、y in highly automated factories as they have the advantages of rigid reliability and cost-effective expandability. These are used to manage various tasks of I/O, monitoring and process control. Generally PLC-controlled m

19、anufacturing systems always include a PC-based HMI. In this project, we chose a PLC-controlled drill machine as a test manufacturing system. The operation sequence of the driller was designed by using the Petri nets theo

20、ry (PN) and offline operation was s</p><p>　　4.1 System design with PN theory</p><p>　　Generally, a PN model is a mathematical formalization interpreted by a directed bipartite graph suitable fo

21、r discrete event control systems (DECS). With a graph the connectivity of events can be represented using obvious interpretations. PN allows users to model discrete dynamic systems mathematically. PN is able to model “di

22、stributed state diagrams”, the control flow of concurrent programs or queuing networks with synchronizations. PN has been developed and demonstrated as an effective tool for</p><p>　　The operation sequence o

23、f the drill machine is designed and simulated by the augmented PN model (see Fig. 1) and is controlled by a networked PLC. We also implemented a PC based HMI based on the designed simulation model of PN. The hybrid syste

24、m shows a lot of advantages by using this economical and discrete control unit with PLC, and PC-based HMI with PN as tools. When the system is malfunctioning, the presented system can easily help diagnose the manufacturi

25、ng system through the monitor online</p><p>　　Fig. 1 The augmented PN model of the drill machine</p><p>　　4.2 Mobile manufacturing system </p><p>　　The layout of the e-factory drill

26、 system is shown in Fig. 2. It consists of a PDA with a wireless Ethernet card, PC-based server with AP of IEEE802.11b protocol, and PLC-controlled drill machine that is connected to the PC-based server via RS-232. The c

27、lient is the PDA, while the PC is the host. The test manufacturing system drill machine is controlled by a Mitsubishi 14-MR-ES PLC. The statuses of PLC-controlled drill machine are delivered to the PC-based server via th

28、e serial port communication</p><p>　　The operational sequence is preliminarily designed and simulated by a PN model (see Fig. 1). Since PN is very similar to the sequential function chart (SFC) language of t

29、he IEC 61131- 3 standard, the PN steps are then easily to interpret into the SFC control program for PLC with SFC language supported. The PC based server, which runs HMI in VB, provides an interface for operator and the

30、manufacturing system. For this application to an e-factory, several HMI screens are developed in the Embedded </p><p>　　? Pentium III 700 processor notebook PC with Windows 2000 OS and Ethernet card</p>

31、;<p>　　? Mitsubishi PLC, series AXos-14-MR-ES</p><p>　　? AP station (compatible with IEEE 802.11b)</p><p>　　? PDA (Mitac Mio 64 MB RAM, OS/ Pocket PC 2002)</p><p>　　? Compact

32、 flash interface wireless Ethernet card</p><p>　　? Visual Basic 6.0</p><p>　　? Microsoft ActiveSync</p><p>　　? Embedded VB 3.</p><p>　　Fig. 2 System configuration of th

33、e e-factory for drill system</p><p>　　4.3 Software implementation</p><p>　　First, the communication protocols (see Fig. 2) of the RS-232 and Winsock control object for the PLC and the server, an

34、d the IEEE802.11b and PDA, have to be configured and initiated in order to transmit the information flow of the manufacturing system to the PDA. </p><p>　　The WinCE permits the Winsock Application Programmin

35、g Interface (API) protocol to call for the Net service. But, the implementation of the Winsock API is not easy. It is unlikely that the EVB and VB support the Winsock control object, which makes it easy to transmit data

36、via the network. The attributes of Winsock object protocol are TCP/IP. The PC server must start up a Winsock connect object in order to establish a socket for the request of remote online. As soon as the PDA is connected

37、 with th</p><p>　　Next, a VB-based communication setup and data manipulation program is developed and runs in the server. The complete communication setup includes writing a control string to the PLC and get

38、ting a response string from the PLC. The flow diagram of control and monitoring process is shown in Fig. 3. For instance, in order to energize the auxiliary relay “M0” of PLC from the PDA, a string “000” has to send to s

39、erver using Send Data and Get Data on the server to receive the string. The typical codes a</p><p>　　From the received string, the server will set the “M0” to “1” then write it onto the PLC. Likewise, the ou

40、tput response from the PLC will appear in binary form to display the output status of “Y” on the server screen. In the reverse route, using Send Data to transmit a string to the PDA from the server and Get Data at the PD

41、A. It establishes a complete channel for transmitting information flow of the system for control and monitoring. When sending data flow through the Winsock object, it is impo</p><p>　　Fig. 3 Control and mon

42、itoring process for PLC</p><p>　　The communication setup between the PLC and PC is dependant on the protocol offered by the PLC manufacturer. Generally, a RS-232 communication protocol is commonly used at th

43、e industrial floor. The format of communicating string consists of start bit, data length, check bit and stop bit. The typical step ladder program (STL) of SFC for the PLC is shown in Fig. 4.</p><p>　　Fig. 4

44、 Typical step ladder (STL) program of PLC</p><p>　　5 Results and discussion</p><p>　　Our experiment demonstrated the effective use of a PDA to execute e-factory operations. The status of the P

45、LC-controlled manufacturing system is shown correctly on the PDA. It proves that the mobile technologies are feasible to accomplish the tasks of remote, wireless control and monitor of factory plant on PDA. That is, an e

46、ngineer or staff member can monitor the manufacturing process, check the status of machines, and receive real-time system status anywhere and anytime in the factory using a </p><p>　　Since the display area o

47、f the liquid crystal display of PDA is very small, the display contents are strictly limited. The other limitation is the screen editing of the PDA. It adopts the EVB software on a PC to develop the HMI screens for the P

48、DA. The developed screens are then downloaded into the PDA. If the display needs to be modified, the above procedure has to restart again. That is, the screen change can not be done directly from the PDA. Security is alw

49、ays a major concern in network appli</p><p>　　6 Conclusions</p><p>　　By means of wireless network and EVB tools, we successfully accomplished the feasible experiment of mobile industrial contro

50、l and monitoring for manufacturing system. The results show successful management of the PLC-based factory plant using a PDA. That is, a palm size computer now enables the remote control and monitoring of an e-factory en

51、vironment.</p><p>　　The trend of business is towards using digital and mobile technologies to increase competitiveness. Since the WinCE supports the application of database software named structure query lan

52、guage compact edition (SQLCE), our future work will take orders management, online scheduling, and storehouse keeping into account to form an IT platform for industrial use by integrating the edging technologies.</p&g

53、t;<p>　　Acknowledgement The authors thank the National Science Council in Taiwan for supporting this project through grant NSC-91-2815-C-327-007-E. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Y.S

54、. Cheng and T.T. Wu for their work on the original version of this document.</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　1. Barnes SJ ,The mobile commerce value chain: analysis and future developments. Int J I

55、nf Manage 2002:91–108</p><p>　　2. Rupp WT, Mobile commerce: new revenue machine or black hole? Business Horizons, July/August 2002, pp 26–29</p><p>　　3. Cho DH, Impact of e-business initiatives

56、on firm value. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 2001:41–56</p><p>　　4. Gordon LA .The e-skip-gen effect. The emergence of a cybercentric management model and the F2B market segment for industry.

57、 Int J Prod Econ 80:11–29</p><p>　　5. Noerenberg JWII .Wireless local area and home networks: bridging wireless protocols. IEEE CommunMag, November 2001, pp 90–97</p><p>　　6. Erasala N. Bluetoot

58、h technology: a strategic analysis of its role in global 3G wireless communication era. Comput Stand Interfaces, 24:193–206</p><p>　　7. Crow BP. IEEE 802.11a wireless local area networks. IEEE Commun Mag, Se

59、ptember 1997, pp 116–126</p><p>　　8. Tung L-L. Information technology as an enabler of telecommuting. Int J Inf Manage 16(2):103–117</p><p>　　9. Pascoe JS. Middleware enhancements for metropolit

60、an area wireless Internet access. Future Generation Comput Syst 18:721–735</p><p>　　10. Varshney U .Recent advances in wireless networking. IEEE Comput 3:100–103</p><p>　　From: Int J Adv .Manuf

61、Technol (2005) 25: 723–729 DOI 10.1007/s00170-003-1914-5</p><p><b>　　附錄 B</b></p><p>　　基于個人數(shù)碼助理和可編程控制器的移動通信終端制造業(yè)的發(fā)展</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　

62、　由于個人數(shù)碼助理具有可移動性和可計算性，所以它們在“后個人電腦時代”起了非常重要的作用。但是目前個人數(shù)碼助理的應(yīng)用仍然局限于服務(wù)業(yè)。本項目將把移動技術(shù)的應(yīng)用擴(kuò)展到工業(yè)方面，而本文主要是對應(yīng)用可編程控制器、個人數(shù)碼助理和以個人電腦為平臺的“工廠—商務(wù)”業(yè)務(wù)模式的進(jìn)行可行性研究。個人數(shù)碼助理是具備手持式人機(jī)界面，依靠緊湊型閃存以太網(wǎng)卡和內(nèi)嵌式的VB3.0程序運作，而主控電腦與可編程控制器和與IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共存的接入站（acce

63、ss point）相連接。IEEE802.11b的實驗結(jié)果表明個人數(shù)碼助理和基于個人電腦的操作平臺能夠及時地控制和監(jiān)控在“工廠-商務(wù)”業(yè)務(wù)模式中由可編程控制器控制的制造系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：電子工廠 電子制造業(yè) 工廠自動化 </p><p><b>　　緒 論</b></p><p><b>　　1 導(dǎo) 論</b

64、></p><p>　　在20世紀(jì)后期，通過因特網(wǎng)進(jìn)行的電子商務(wù)引發(fā)了一股被稱為移動商務(wù)的新的商務(wù)潮流。通過無線遠(yuǎn)程通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的，無論是直接還是間接設(shè)計到貨幣價值的交易都可以稱為移動商務(wù)[1]。隨著像手機(jī)、個人數(shù)碼助理等移動通信技術(shù)的成熟，移動商務(wù)肯定會給商務(wù)活動方式帶來相當(dāng)大的變化。隨著無線設(shè)備應(yīng)用的不斷滲透和因特網(wǎng)的廣泛應(yīng)用，人們正在尋求隨時隨地獲取數(shù)據(jù)的途徑。福特斯調(diào)查公司[2，3]預(yù)計，到2004

65、年移動商務(wù)的收入會到達(dá)6.9兆美元。手機(jī)和個人數(shù)碼助理的出現(xiàn)和流行又一次改變著主導(dǎo)市場。</p><p>　　目前，大多數(shù)的個人數(shù)碼助理的應(yīng)用在服務(wù)業(yè)比較成功，比如在銀行業(yè)，預(yù)訂行業(yè)，售票業(yè)，購物，實時新聞以及從服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)庫下載或上傳數(shù)據(jù)。個人數(shù)碼助理不僅提高了商業(yè)效率而且提高了客服質(zhì)量?？偲饋碚f，運用移動設(shè)備的商務(wù)交易，其優(yōu)勢主要體現(xiàn)在兩個層次。移動設(shè)備提高了員工，客戶和供應(yīng)商三者之間的交流效率。同時移動設(shè)備

66、也使得更多的實時數(shù)據(jù)可以靈活的應(yīng)用。這些都激勵著我們對移動設(shè)備的應(yīng)用在工業(yè)方面的探索。所以移動設(shè)備的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)改變了制造業(yè)內(nèi)部變化的本質(zhì)?，F(xiàn)在，“工廠-商務(wù)”業(yè)務(wù)模式已經(jīng)成為一個討論激烈的問題[4]?！肮S-商務(wù)”業(yè)務(wù)模式的發(fā)展趨勢主要圍繞下面幾個問題展開：我們工廠能用個人數(shù)碼助理做什么？移動設(shè)備和現(xiàn)存的設(shè)備之間有何聯(lián)系？它的成本是多少？</p><p>　　為了給“工廠-商務(wù)”業(yè)務(wù)模式營造一個移動通信制造業(yè)的環(huán)境

67、，我們在此項目中主要是應(yīng)用了個人數(shù)碼助理和基于個人電腦的操作平臺來操控由可編程控制器控制的鉆孔機(jī)。通過在個人數(shù)碼助理中插入緊湊型閃存以太網(wǎng)卡和內(nèi)嵌式的VB3.0程序界面，個人數(shù)碼助理起到掌上“手持式人機(jī)界面”的作用。筆記本電腦連接到可編程控制器和與IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相一致的接入站，起到主控電腦的作用。實驗結(jié)果表明個人數(shù)碼助理和基于個人電腦的操作平臺能夠及時地控制和監(jiān)控在有可編程控制器控制的鉆孔機(jī)。下文主要介紹一下幾個方面：第二部

68、分主要回顧移動通信技術(shù)。第三部分主要介紹移動通信應(yīng)用中相關(guān)聯(lián)的軟硬件。第四部分展示系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造和軟件發(fā)展。第五部分展示相關(guān)的結(jié)果和討論。第六部分將以此研究的結(jié)論和未來展望結(jié)尾。</p><p><b>　　2 移動通信技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　理論上來說，有很多技術(shù)可應(yīng)用到移動商務(wù)，比如藍(lán)牙，IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，全球定位系統(tǒng)和輔助全球定位系統(tǒng)。下面將給出一

69、個簡要的總結(jié)[5-9]： </p><p>　　藍(lán)牙是低功率的無線電技術(shù)，每秒鐘的傳輸量為1M比特，它用于代替距離10米以上的電纜和紅外線連接，從而保證了設(shè)備和有限部分組件間的本地配合。在2001年，內(nèi)置藍(lán)牙的手機(jī)開始上市。</p><p>　　IEEE802.11標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一個跟藍(lán)牙相似的低功率技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。它適用于以代替電纜和紅外線連接為目標(biāo)的設(shè)備以保證設(shè)備間，尤其是本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)備間的相互配合

70、。</p><p>　　全球定位系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)星技術(shù)并且首先在美國的軍事方面得到發(fā)展，但是從20世紀(jì)90年代早期就得到全面的應(yīng)用。但是美國陸軍最近取消了對戶外定為系統(tǒng)的限制，并允許使用足夠高的分辨率，目前是10米到20米。但是，全球定位系統(tǒng)不能應(yīng)用于向大樓內(nèi)部這種信號接收狀況不好的區(qū)域。</p><p>　　輔助全球定位系統(tǒng)將全球定位系統(tǒng)和合移動遠(yuǎn)程通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系起來，所以能夠在戶內(nèi)和其他衛(wèi)星信號接

71、收差的區(qū)域50米內(nèi)進(jìn)行定位。</p><p>　　在本項目中，我們選擇了IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的接入站，因為它適用于比藍(lán)牙傳輸速度快的長距離的信號傳送。另外，由于IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒有任何的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸費用，所以比全球定位系統(tǒng)中的硬件花費要便宜。</p><p><b>　　3 移動通信設(shè)備</b></p><p>　　大體上來說，應(yīng)

72、用于移動通信技術(shù)的設(shè)備主要是手機(jī)和個人數(shù)碼助理。但是，由于手機(jī)受到屏幕，儲存量和操作系統(tǒng)的限制，因此不能應(yīng)用于復(fù)雜的操作系統(tǒng)。個人數(shù)碼助理是泛用型的筆式計算機(jī)，它包含三方面的主要功能：（a）電子參考設(shè)備（b）通信器（c）計算機(jī)。跟傳統(tǒng)的掌上電腦相比，個人數(shù)碼助理給遠(yuǎn)距辦公人員提供了更多的便利：（a）個人數(shù)碼助理比傳統(tǒng)的掌上電腦小，因此更加便于隨身攜帶（b）個人數(shù)碼助理比掌上電腦和便攜式電腦都便宜（c）個人數(shù)碼助理比掌上電腦更容易應(yīng)用（d

73、）個人數(shù)碼助理的軟件設(shè)置給傳真、電子郵件和傳呼服務(wù)提供了方便[10]。</p><p>　　理論上，在個人數(shù)碼助理市場上有兩個普遍使用的操作系統(tǒng)Microsoft Windows Compact Edition（WinCE）和Palm OS。WinCE通常應(yīng)用于掌上電腦社區(qū)，因為太支持EVB語言，而EVB語言只用于個人數(shù)碼助理和掌上電腦。WinCE有很大的擴(kuò)展性，并且可更廣泛地應(yīng)用于有模塊化設(shè)計理念的硬件。另外一

74、個普遍應(yīng)用于個人數(shù)碼助理的操作系統(tǒng)就是Palm OS。對于那些運行起來又小又快的個人程序，Palm OS是一個完美的操作系統(tǒng)，但是太的擴(kuò)展性是非常有限的。EVB在專業(yè)上被稱為Microsoft Windows CE Toolkit for Visual Basic (VB)6.0.。它對于VB6.0.IDE來說是一個必不可少的外接程序，它使得以WinCE為平臺的VB應(yīng)用得以產(chǎn)生。EVB不同于在WinCE里的VB6.0，而是從Micros

75、oft VB Script的引擎產(chǎn)生而來。WinCE是一個注冊在掌上電腦上的小程序，儲存量很小。它是一個旨在支持不同硬件的泛用型的操作系統(tǒng)。</p><p><b>　　4 系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展</b></p><p>　　可編程控制器廣泛應(yīng)用于高自動化的工廠，因為它有兩方面的優(yōu)勢：很高的可靠性和成本效益的可擴(kuò)展性。這些通常用來管理輸入輸出、監(jiān)控以及進(jìn)程管理等各方面的任務(wù)。通常

76、說來，由可編程控制器控制的制造系統(tǒng)包括一個基于個人電腦的人機(jī)界面。</p><p>　　在此項目中，我們選擇了一個由可編程控制器控制的鉆孔機(jī)作為一個生產(chǎn)測試系統(tǒng)。這個鉆孔機(jī)的操作順序由佩特里網(wǎng)理論設(shè)計，離線操作由所設(shè)計出來的佩特里網(wǎng)模型和一個基于VB的模型程序來完成。</p><p>　　4.1 以佩特里網(wǎng)理論為指導(dǎo)的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計</p><p>　　通常說來，佩特里網(wǎng)

77、模型是一個由適用于離散事件控制系統(tǒng)的有向二分圖來翻譯的。圖表可以把各個事件之間的相關(guān)性非常明顯的解釋出來。佩特里網(wǎng)使用戶能夠為離散的動態(tài)的系統(tǒng)制造數(shù)學(xué)模型。佩特里網(wǎng)能夠為分布式狀態(tài)圖制造模型，所謂的分布式狀態(tài)圖也就是并行程序的控制流或者說是一個同步的排隊網(wǎng)絡(luò)。佩特里網(wǎng)已經(jīng)得到發(fā)展并被證明是離散型事件控制系統(tǒng)的有效工具。</p><p>　　鉆孔機(jī)的操作順序是通過擴(kuò)展的佩特里網(wǎng)模型設(shè)計和模擬的（見圖1），并且由網(wǎng)絡(luò)

78、化的可編程控制器來控制。我們也應(yīng)用了基于佩特里網(wǎng)設(shè)計模仿模型的人機(jī)界面。通過運用離散的可編程控制器及基于個人電腦的人機(jī)界面作為工具，這個混合系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)出很多的優(yōu)越性。當(dāng)系統(tǒng)出故障的時候，上述系統(tǒng)就會通過網(wǎng)上監(jiān)控很容易地對制造系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行診斷，也就是說佩特里網(wǎng)和基于個人電腦的操作平臺為離散系統(tǒng)設(shè)計，績效評估，模仿，迅速的在線系統(tǒng)診斷提供了充足的途徑。</p><p>　　圖1 鉆孔機(jī)的擴(kuò)展的佩特里網(wǎng)模型</p>

79、;<p>　　4.2 移動通信制造系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　電子工廠的鉆孔系統(tǒng)的布局如圖2所示。它由運用無線以太網(wǎng)卡的個人數(shù)碼助理和IEEE802.11b協(xié)議中規(guī)定的接入站的服務(wù)器，已經(jīng)有可編程控制器控制的鉆孔機(jī)構(gòu)成。鉆孔機(jī)通過RS-322連到服務(wù)器上。個人數(shù)碼助理是客戶端，個人電腦是主機(jī)。鉆孔機(jī)的生產(chǎn)測試系統(tǒng)由Mitsubishi 14-MR-ES PLC控制。由可編程控制器控制的鉆孔機(jī)的身份通

80、過串列埠通訊傳到服務(wù)器。鉆孔機(jī)的輸入輸出任務(wù)如下：</p><p>　　操作順序已經(jīng)被佩特里網(wǎng)模型（見圖1）預(yù)先設(shè)計好了。因為佩特里網(wǎng)跟IEC611313標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的順序功能流程圖非常相似，佩特里網(wǎng)的各個步驟很容易就被翻譯成受此語言支持的可編程控制器流程圖的控制程序。在VB里運行人機(jī)界面的服務(wù)器，為操作員和制造系統(tǒng)提供了一個很好的界面。為了能更好的應(yīng)用于電子工廠，很多運用內(nèi)嵌式VB語言人機(jī)界面的屏幕得到發(fā)展，并被安裝在

81、個人數(shù)碼助理來遠(yuǎn)程控制生產(chǎn)過程。此移動通信技術(shù)所必需的軟硬件如下：</p><p>　　裝有Windows2000操作系統(tǒng)和以太網(wǎng)卡的奔騰Ⅲ700處理器的筆記本電腦</p><p>　　AXos-14-MR-ES系列的三菱可編程控制器</p><p>　　能與IEEE802.11b共存的接入站</p><p>　　個人數(shù)碼助理（神達(dá)64 MB

82、內(nèi)存，操作系統(tǒng)/掌上電腦2002）</p><p>　　緊湊型閃存接口無線網(wǎng)卡</p><p><b>　　VB 6.0</b></p><p><b>　　微軟動態(tài)同步程式</b></p><p><b>　　內(nèi)嵌式VB3.0</b></p><p>

83、　　圖2 鉆孔系統(tǒng)電子工廠的系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造</p><p><b>　　4.3 軟體導(dǎo)入</b></p><p>　　首先，關(guān)于RS-232和可編程控制器及服務(wù)器里的Win stock控制對象的通信協(xié)議，個人數(shù)碼助理，IEEE802.11b標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，都必須配置好，以便把生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中的信息流傳輸?shù)絺€人數(shù)碼助理中。</p><p>　　WinCE保證了Win

84、 stock應(yīng)用編程界面協(xié)議來尋求網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)。但是Win stock應(yīng)用編程界面的實施并不容易。Win stock控制對象能數(shù)據(jù)通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)順利的傳輸，但是EVB和VB不可能支持Win stock控制對象。Win stock控制對象的屬性就是TCP/IP協(xié)議。服務(wù)器必須開啟一個鏈接對象來建立一個遠(yuǎn)程在線請求的插孔。一旦個人數(shù)碼助理與服務(wù)器連接，遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)和個人數(shù)碼助理遠(yuǎn)程端口的屬性就必須和個人電腦的IP地址和端口相一致。VB和EVB的Win s

85、tock控制對象的裝配式圖標(biāo)驅(qū)動的。VB和EVB的Win stock控制對象的裝配式圖標(biāo)如下：</p><p>　　其次，基于VB語言的通信設(shè)置和數(shù)據(jù)控制程序也在服務(wù)器里運行。完整的通信設(shè)置應(yīng)包括通向可編程控制器的控制字符串和來自可編程控制器的字符串響應(yīng)?？刂坪捅O(jiān)控過程的流程圖如圖3所示。例如，為了從個人數(shù)碼助理中給可編程控制器的輔助繼電器M0充電，就必須用Send Data把字符串“000”送到服務(wù)器并用服務(wù)器

86、上的Get Data來接受字符串。典型代碼如下：</p><p>　　從接受的到的字符串中，服務(wù)器會把M0設(shè)置成1，然后把它寫進(jìn)可編程控制器中。同樣的，從可編程控制器中輸出的字符串響應(yīng)也會在服務(wù)器的屏幕上以二進(jìn)制的形式顯示出Y的輸出狀態(tài)。在回路當(dāng)中，用Send Data把字符串從服務(wù)器傳輸?shù)絺€人數(shù)碼助理同時運用個人數(shù)碼助理中的Get Data接受字符串。這樣就為控制和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中的信息流的傳輸建立起一個完整的通道。

87、當(dāng)通過Win stock控制對象傳送數(shù)據(jù)流的時候，一定要確保數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)在緩沖器里了。否則，系統(tǒng)就不會正常的工作。VB和EVB傳輸數(shù)據(jù)流的典型代碼如下：</p><p>　　圖3 可編程控制器的控制和監(jiān)控過程</p><p>　　可編程控制器和個人電腦之間的通信設(shè)置由可編程控制器的生產(chǎn)商所提供的協(xié)議決定。通常，RS-232通信協(xié)議通常用于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。交流字符串的格式由起始位、數(shù)據(jù)長度、檢驗位和停

88、止位組成。應(yīng)用于可編程控制器的順序功能圖的步梯方案如圖4所示。</p><p>　　圖4 可編程控制器的典型的步梯方案</p><p><b>　　5 結(jié)果和討論</b></p><p>　　我們的實驗展示了個人數(shù)碼助理在電子工廠操作中的典型應(yīng)用。有可編程控制器控制的制造系統(tǒng)在個人數(shù)碼助理中很好的表現(xiàn)出來。這表明，用移動通信技術(shù)來完成對工廠的遠(yuǎn)

89、程無線控制和監(jiān)控是可行的。也就是說，工程師和員工能夠運用帶有接入站的個人數(shù)碼助理來對生產(chǎn)過程、機(jī)器狀態(tài)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，并且能隨時隨地接受系統(tǒng)的實時狀態(tài)。</p><p>　　因為個人數(shù)碼助理的液晶屏幕非常小，所以的展示出來的內(nèi)容是非常有限的。其他的限制還包括個人數(shù)碼助理的屏幕編輯方面。它采用個人電腦上的EVB軟件來為個人數(shù)碼助理制造出一個更先進(jìn)的人機(jī)界面的屏幕。然后這個高級的屏幕就下載到個人數(shù)碼助理里。如果展示需要改良

90、的話，那就重新啟動上述步驟。也就是說，屏幕不能直接從個人數(shù)碼助理中進(jìn)行改變。</p><p>　　安全性通常是網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用中關(guān)注的重點，在本次研究中所采用的無線硬件，像接入站和緊密型閃存卡，都是有安全保護(hù)功能的支持的。電子工廠系統(tǒng)能夠通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)域名（比如IP和連接端口）、服務(wù)設(shè)置標(biāo)識符和有線等效協(xié)議來加強(qiáng)防范。服務(wù)設(shè)置標(biāo)識符是一個能夠使得戰(zhàn)點和接入點能夠進(jìn)行交流的獨一無二的識別器。有線等效協(xié)議用來加密和解密在無線局域網(wǎng)

91、設(shè)備之間進(jìn)行傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)信號。也就說，此系統(tǒng)的安全性能夠得到保障。</p><p><b>　　6 總 結(jié)</b></p><p>　　通過無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)和EVB工具，我們成功完成了關(guān)于移動通信技術(shù)應(yīng)用在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)控制和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中的可行性研究。結(jié)果顯現(xiàn)出了應(yīng)用個人數(shù)碼助理的電子工廠的成功經(jīng)營。這表明，一個手掌大的計算機(jī)現(xiàn)在能夠?qū)σ粋€大的電子工廠環(huán)境進(jìn)行控制和監(jiān)控。</p&

92、gt;<p>　　現(xiàn)在的商業(yè)趨勢是通過運用數(shù)碼和移動通信技術(shù)來增強(qiáng)競爭力。因為Win stock支持“結(jié)構(gòu)查詢語言精簡版”這個系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件的應(yīng)用，我們未來的工作將會將會把訂單管理，在線調(diào)度，庫保存加入考慮之列，并通過磨邊技術(shù)來為工業(yè)應(yīng)用提供一個信息技術(shù)平臺。</p><p>　　鳴謝：作者感謝臺灣的國家科學(xué)委員會通過認(rèn)證NSC-91-2815-C-327-007-E來支持這個項目，特別感謝Y.S

93、. Cheng和T.T. Wu在本文件的原稿中所做出的杰出貢獻(xiàn)</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1] Barnes SJ .移動商務(wù)價值鏈的分析和未來的發(fā)展. Int J Inf 雜志, 2002:91–108</p><p>　　[2] Rupp WT.移動商務(wù):新的稅收機(jī)器或黑洞.商業(yè)視野,2002:pp

94、 26–29</p><p>　　[3] 趙生.電子商務(wù)對企業(yè)價值的業(yè)務(wù)計劃的影響.電子商務(wù)研究與應(yīng)用,2001:41-56</p><p>　　[4] Gordon LA.電子跳躍根的影響.一個cyber centric的管理模式和工業(yè)F2B市場細(xì)分的出現(xiàn), Econ 80:11-29</p><p>　　[5] Noerenberg JWII.無線局域網(wǎng)和家庭網(wǎng)

95、絡(luò)橋接無線協(xié)議.電機(jī)及電子學(xué)工程師聯(lián)合會CommunMag,2001年11月:第90-97</p><p>　　[6] Erasala N.藍(lán)牙技術(shù)在全球3G無線通訊時代的作用的戰(zhàn)略分析.Comput支架接口,24:193-206</p><p>　　[7] Crow BP. IEEE 802.11a的無線局域網(wǎng).電機(jī)及電子學(xué)工程師聯(lián)合會,1997年9月:第116-126</p>

96、;<p>　　[8] Tung L-L. nformation技術(shù)作為遠(yuǎn)程辦公的條件.廉政中醫(yī)藥信息管理.2006:103 - 117</p><p>　　[9] Pascoe JS. 都會區(qū)的無線互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入未來的一代Comput制度.18:721-735</p><p>　　[10] Varshney U.無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最新進(jìn)展.電機(jī)及電子學(xué)工程師聯(lián)合會Comput .3:10